Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
294
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
294-301
SJIF
I
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
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1368736135
A
BSTRACT
By reducing time, production and financial costs in the implementation of maintenance and repair based
on the development and application of diagnostic, scientific substantiation, operational and informational
methods of modern diesel engines and their fuel supply systems significantly increasing the efficiency of
the operation of vehicles is an urgent scientific problem that limits the progress in the industry.
K
EYWORDS
Fuel, injector, supply, gasoline, diesel, piston, gasoline pump, car, engine.
I
NTRODUCTION
In order to meet the strictest requirements for
exhaust gas toxicity, it is necessary to grind the
fuel injected into the internal combustion engine
of the car based on the specifics of the mixture
formation process in the diesel engine. To do this,
manufacturers must significantly increase the
injection pressure and reduce the diameter of the
EHF spray holes. In addition, the injection process
itself should be fractional, i.e. fuel is distributed to
the cylinder at fixed moments according to the
angle of rotation of the crankshaft (and, therefore,
the stroke of the piston) [1-7].
The main part
Fulfilment of this requirement is possible only
through the presence of electronic control of the
fuel supply process, turbocharging, particulate
Journal
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Research Article
MODERN TRENDS IN IMPROVING THE FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM
FOR VEHICLES WITH A DIESEL ENGINE
Submission Date:
June 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
June 25, 2023,
Published Date:
June 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-06-49
Qahramon Masodiqov
Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Fergana, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
295
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
294-301
SJIF
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(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
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1368736135
filters, exhaust gas recirculation and their
catalytic treatment, Fig. 1.
Figure 1. Trends in the technological development of fuel supply systems in relation to standards
limiting the amount of harmful emissions from exhaust gases
Almost all known modern fuel injection systems
for cars with a diesel engine can be functionally
divided into groups: direct injection systems with
a mechanical drive; systems with high-pressure
fuel accumulators; direct drive systems with
hydraulic control [8-13].
The first group includes fuel supply systems of the
"pump-injector" type and individual high-
pressure fuel pumps with electronic control. The
second - system is called Sottop KaP (English
General highway). The third is the combined type
of system called a pump-injector with a hydraulic
drive.
Currently, several types of mechanically
controlled pump injectors are known. All of them
can generate high injection pressures and have
relatively high hydraulic and mechanical
efficiencies. This is one of the most important
advantages of pump injectors over high-pressure
flow systems.
All of the above also applies to systems with
individual injection pumps, which, in addition,
have high maintenance capabilities and low
maintenance labour intensity. The tightening of
legislation in the field of emissions of harmful
substances in exhaust gases has led to the
improvement of fuel supply management
processes for unit injectors and separate high-
pressure fuel pumps. Structurally, additional
valves were included in these systems, and the
electrical outlet began to include four contacts
[14-27].
Another advantage of mechanically controlled
injectors and individual injection pumps is their
much higher durability compared to systems with
high-pressure injection pumps. Many heavy-duty
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
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(ISSN
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VOLUME
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Pages:
294-301
SJIF
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(2023:
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diesel engines use these systems. In particular,
this is due to the fact that one of the leaders of the
diesel segment for commercial vehicles - 1) e1p1n
company did not produce systems with high-
pressure fuel pressure engines for heavy trucks
and special equipment until recently. However,
stricter environmental requirements (transition
to Euro-6 standards) led to the need to produce
systems combined with a common high-pressure
fuel injection pump, where the pressure is created
by pump injectors, but high-pressure and high-
pressure pumps are created. Injection time is
allocated due to battery availability [28-35].
Figure 2. Scheme of the fuel supply system with injection pumps
Such capabilities of ATPS are becoming especially
important in connection with the introduction of
various exhaust gas cleaning systems in vehicles
with diesel engines and the development of
alternative fuel combustion processes.
In mechanically controlled injection systems, the
use of a cam to drive a piston pump significantly
limits their ability to provide the necessary
control of the injection process and make multiple
injections. Another advantage of a high-pressure
fuel injection system over mechanically
controlled injection systems is the ability to
precisely control the timing and volume of fuel
injected, especially at idle and part loads [36-41].
High pressure in the fuel system is created
regardless of the engine speed and the amount of
fuel injected. The amount of injected fuel (cyclic
delivery) is determined by the actions of the
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
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(ISSN
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VOLUME
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294-301
SJIF
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(2022:
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)
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6.741
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driver, and the advance angle and injection
pressure are determined by the electronic control
unit (EBB) based on the characteristics of a
programmable matrix stored in the memory of
the microprocessor. The EBB provides start
control signals to the respective solenoid valves,
resulting in injection by the injectors into each
cylinder. The SC storage fuel system includes the
following electronic controls:
EBB; crankshaft speed sensor; gas distribution
shaft speed sensor; pedal position sensor;
pressure increase sensor; fuel tank pressure
sensor; coolant temperature sensor.
Figure 3. Scheme of the fuel storage system
Using the input signals from the above sensors
and based on the received data, the EBB controls
the actuators. Engine speed is measured by a
frequency sensor and the flash sequence is
measured by a camshaft position frequency
sensor. An electrical signal from the gas pedal
position sensor informs the EBB of the driver's
depression level, in other words, the operating
mode of the installed engine. The mass airflow
(pressure boost) sensor provides the EBB with
information about the amount of air to correctly
calculate the fuel cycle. Fuel pressure regulation
in HPT is carried out using measuring devices
based on ensuring that the pressure measured by
the pressure sensor in the common line is equal
to the pressure set by the computer [42-44].
Sottop KaP fuel injection systems for passenger
cars and light commercial vehicles use electric or
geared fuel pumps to deliver fuel to a high-
pressure pump. Heavy commercial vehicles use
only gear pumps.
Let's take a look at the design differences between
battery fuel systems.
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VOLUME
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They can be classified according to the following
functional characteristics:¬
With the high-pressure regulation method:
•
releasing excess pressure through the high-
pressure line;
•
flow control at the entrance to the high-
pressure part of the injection pump;
•
combined (both options are used).
•
According to the type of drive for control
valves of electro-hydraulic injectors:
•
with the electromagnetic drive;
•
with piezo drive.
Regulation of fuel pressure by the method of
bypassing the high-pressure line at high speed
has a significant drawback - strong heating of the
fuel and reduces the efficiency of the driver, so it
is not used at the moment. In order to eliminate
the above drawback, the arrangement of filling
piston pairs at the inlet is used. But for high-speed
passenger car engines, unified regulation applies.
On the one hand, this helps to change the pressure
faster if it is necessary to increase it, on the other
hand, it prevents the engine from working hard in
temporary conditions.
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