Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
240
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
240-246
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
The article discusses methods of formation of ethno-cultural and ethno-artistic competences, the place of
the national ethnos in the world culture, methods of inculcating the national traditions and values of the
Uzbek people into the minds of the young generation.
K
EYWORDS
Cultural heritage, ethno-cultural competence, ethno-artistic competence, aesthetic education, spiritual and
moral education, man-made world, ethno-cultural.
I
NTRODUCTION
Preserving cultural heritage and implementing it
in the form of modern education is one of the
main tasks of preschool educational institutions
today. Therefore, the program of spiritual and
moral education of citizens of Uzbekistan, Uzbek
ethno-cultural and ethno-aimed at forming the
artistic competence of the young generation
through education.
The concept establishes the purpose, tasks,
structure, content and forms of ethno-cultural
education. In its content, folk art culture, which
has wide opportunities for establishing cultural
dialogue based on high educational potential and
folk pedagogy, occupies a special place. "The
concept of development of the preschool
education system until 2030" adopted by the
President Sh.M. Mirziyayev created wide
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
ETHNO-PEDAGOGICAL RESEARCH IN PRESCHOOL
EDUCATION
Submission Date:
June 16, 2023,
Accepted Date:
June 21, 2023,
Published Date:
June 26, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-06-41
Raximova Gulora
Urganch State Pedagogical Institute Teacher Of The Department Of Pedagogy, Primary And Preschool
Education, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
241
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
240-246
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
opportunities for more than 2.5 million children
aged 3-7 living in Uzbekistan. it is also intended to
teach Uzbek customs, rituals, traditions, examples
of folk art, and children's games [1].
Analysis of literature on the topic (Literature
review). As President Shavkat Mirziyoyev said:
"Alisher Navoi is a thinker who can save the world
from spiritual decline." His work Mahbub ul-
Qulub is a work that can be used to educate the
young generation in every way and to develop
their spiritual consciousness.
The first work is "Mahbub ul-Qulub" by Alisher
Navoi. In Alisher Navoi's work "Mahbub ul-
Qulub", the ideas of ethics are put forward, the
virtues of people are glorified, such as generosity,
kindness, humility, honesty, hard work, modesty,
humility. Hazrat Navoi considers arrogance,
laziness, corruption, lying, fraud, ignorance, and
greed as vices against humanity. The work
reflects the conclusions drawn by the thinker
based on his long-term life experience and
observations through original thoughts Farabiy's
work "Views of the people of Fazil city". In his
work "Views of Virtuous City People", the author
commented on 12 virtues that are given to a
person through education [2].
Ibn Sina's work "Tadbir al-manzil" describes the
family, its invaluable importance in the life of a
person and society, the duties of the head of the
family, the conditions of managing the house, the
aspects that should be followed in the upbringing
of children, the head of the family should choose
a partner for himself. The issues that should be
paid attention to are discussed.
Yusuf Khos Hajib's work "Qutadgu Bilig"
(Knowledge that leads to happiness) is an
exhortation to urge a person to perfection. In the
work, through symbols and symbols, such issues
as man and faith, man and society, man and duty
are described in a very simple and beautiful
poetic style of Kaikovus's work "Nightmare".
The basis of "Nightmare" is the Holy Qur'anic
surahs, hadiths and wise stories representing the
activities and instructions of Muhammad (pbuh).
The work consists of 44 chapters, the first 4
chapters are about knowing the truth, the
creation of Prophets, being thankful for God's
blessings, and the remaining 40 chapters are
about respecting parents, acquiring scientific
knowledge, art, war, trade, includes many issues
such as farming work and learning a trade,
following the rules of etiquette, raising children,
generosity and youth.In the work, craft and
science are considered the main factors of the
development of society [3].
People are divided into 3 groups and their place
in society is determined; human qualities are also
divided into 3 groups: intelligence, honesty,
youth. Our next literature is the book "People's
Pedagogy" by M.J. Mutalipova. In this book, the
pedagogical views and ideas created by our
people, traditions of national manners, and
national values are reflected in the scientific
study, careful analysis and It is thought that
implementation and transfer to the next
generation is an important and urgent issue of
today.
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
242
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
240-246
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Folk pedagogy includes the forms of education,
the ways, means and conditions of achieving it.
The values of folk pedagogy help the modern
educational
process
to
form
national
consciousness in the young generation, to
develop their understanding of the place of their
nation and ethnos in world culture. Folk
pedagogy forms an integral concept of education
reflected in modern pedagogical approaches and
technologies of education in a single ensemble
with folk oral creativity, folk applied arts and
crafts, holiday culture.
Professor O.U. Hasanbayeva's book "Pedagogy of
preschool education" describes the specific
features, rules, and implementation tools and
methods of educating children of preschool age.
The role of the teacher in the society and the
cooperation of the family and the community in
the education of preschool children are widely
covered. Pre-school education pedagogy is the
means and methods of organizing educational
activities, the ability to correctly solve problems
arising in the educational process and their
solutions, to use innovative technology methods,
to find the right solution to difficulties [3].
In his research, D. Nafasov[4] shows that ethno-
pedagogical research directly requires taking into
account the tourist activities of our scholars[5]. In
Sh.Yakubova's scientific research[6], he cited the
pedagogical views of Eastern scholars as the main
factors and evaluation criteria for the formation
of a positive worldview in preschool children [7].
-
Research
methodology
(Research
Methodology). The leading experts in the field of
folk art and pedagogy conducted research in
order to understand the role of folk art in artistic
education and aesthetic education during the
20th century. Although folk pedagogy has not yet
found its place in the general education system,
experts have not stopped researching. Today,
there
are
7,104
preschool
education
organizations operating in Uzbekistan, of which
5,604 (79%) are state, 63 are departmental, and
1,437
(21%)
are
non-governmental
organizations. All preschool education in
Uzbekistan institutions operate on the basis of the
"Ilk Kadam" state educational program. In this,
each pupil can choose the type of activity based
on his interest. it will In pre-school educational
institutions, moral ideas presented in Alisher
Navoi's work "Mahbub ul-Qulub" are staged, with
the help of cartoons and various didactic games,
the virtues of people - generosity, kindness,
humility, honesty, hard work. A number of virtues
such as modesty are being inculcated in the
minds of the young generation. In the educational
process of artistic and aesthetic development,
various artistic materials are sufficiently used for
the effective creative activity of children in
decorative and practical art, teaching-methodical
and museum-exposition materials, folklore
traditions are used causing swelling. In the past,
the lack of material and technical support caused
the problem of transferring cultural values,
including regional values, to the younger
generation.
Today, preschool educational institutions have
the most modern material and technical support.
Creating a comprehensive system of artistic
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
243
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
240-246
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
education with the help of folk pedagogy requires
new approaches - modernization of all levels of
folk education based on the humanization of the
pedagogical process in the conditions of the
modern educational paradigm. The prevention of
cultural deprivation consists in creating a system
of forms and methods of optimal implementation
of the educational process for a given region,
requiring the interdependence of structures of
different levels: regional, city and preschool
educational organizations.
The universality of the acquired experience of
creative activity is used in the effective (aesthetic
and artistic-creative) activity of the child: -
effective activity includes the specific activity of
the child, in which the child "dominates" over the
materials, learns artistic tools, creates a unique
subjective new product, understands his "I",
learns and thereby expresses an emotional value
relationship to the world and to oneself - in
aesthetic activity, a certain relationship between
the content of the real world and its figurative
expression is reflected and evaluated through
artistic images Tools of folk pedagogy (nature,
religion, Uzbek language, literature, proverbs and
sayings, riddles, tales, epics, legends, folk songs,
games, traditions, rituals, labor education) fills
the integrative process meaningfully with bright
artistic images. In modern education, looking at
the child as a subject of development, orienting
him to the relationship of values, inculcating
socio-cultural values (man, nature, society, work,
knowledge) and the main values in life - goodness,
truth, beauty. Recognition of the new goals of the
educational system, interest in the interaction of
the participants of the educational process in the
"teacher-student" system, the creation of
partnership, cooperation situations, as well as the
interaction of each child with peers. should bring
about changes aimed at ensuring that he chooses
his activities. The principles of folk pedagogy can
be the basis for changing the components of the
pedagogical process of art education: methods of
pedagogical activity, teaching tools, education,
development
and
organizational
forms.Traditional methods of humanistic and
personally oriented folk pedagogy are widely
used in artistic education of children:
understanding, instruction, personal example,
explanation,
teaching,
encouragement,
confirmation, persuasion, showing exercises,
pointing, condemnation etc. The child can be
interested in the future activity by inviting him to
"perception of beauty", surprise, game, fairy tale,
riddle, problem, cooperation. It is not difficult to
attract attention to effective activities by getting
acquainted with new materials, used tools, and
technological techniques. The result of creative
activity was certainly accepted as worthy of use
for general purposes. Explanations and beliefs are
used to form a positive attitude of children to
work, nature, artistic culture, appropriate
behavior in the family and society. For folk
pedagogy, it has always been of special
importance to demonstrate methods of
performing various types of crafts, household
work (working with tools, processing materials,
technologies of cultural experience: weaving,
carving, embroidery, etc.). In modern education,
all methods are used in various forms of
organizing children's activities: in creative
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
244
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
240-246
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
workshops and living rooms, master classes, in
various forms of joint creation with a folk
craftsman, artist, parents and peers, exhibitions
and holidays. The system of artistic ethno-
cultural education provides interdependence,
which covers the perspectives of goal setting,
planning, programming, design, management,
socio-cultural,
including
ethno-cultural
phenomena and educational processes.The
research is based on the process of acquiring
personal relationships by the child, "creating a
new image of oneself, one's own possibilities as a
necessary condition for endlessly diverse creative
achievements in various spheres of human life."
The system of artistic education of children based
on familiarization with folk culture:
1. "I am in the world of wildlife and man" - to
conduct search and research work on the study of
Motherland (nature, society, cultural and artistic
values of the spiritual and material world);
development of partial programs on local studies,
introducing children to the artistic culture of the
region (city, village); expansion of knowledge
about nature and man, "spiritualization of
nature".
2. "I am in the world of kindness and compassion"
- education of love and compassion for the
neighbor, humane attitude to people, sensitivity,
kindness, participation in possible help activities.
3. "I am in the world of folk art and national
traditions" - to form interest in the history of folk
culture, folk values and traditions, to create
conditions for the child's development as a
cultural subject, and to create his own life in the
process of cooperation with adults.
4. "I am in the world of art and inspiration" -
creating conditions for introducing children to
art, directing children's interests and abilities to
cultural creativity in the problematic sphere of art
and culture, developing imagination, creative
abilities, non-standard thinking; involving
children and adults in the creative process in
various forms of artistic activity.
5. "I am in the world of work and folk crafts" -
introducing children to the man-made world,
developing artistic work skills, getting to know
the world of professions, developing manual
labor skills.
6. "I am in the world of games and holidays" -
learning the history of games, toys, holiday
traditions, meaningful organization of children's
free time, theatricalization (theatre design,
costume design, use of irchakh design, etc.), use of
creative activities, performances for the
organization and holding of holidays.
7. "I am in the world of my loved ones and my
family" - forming a kindergarten and family
educational team based on common interests in
the world of family, lineage, family values, family
traditions;
providing
the
family
with
"transmission channels" of national values;
strengthening the bonds of generations.
8. "I am in the world of music and folk tales" -
formation of interest in folk music, folk epics, fairy
tales; introducing children to the world of folk
wisdom, good feelings, universal values;
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
245
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
240-246
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
understanding the world through self-awareness
through literary and musical creativity.
9. "I am in the world of friendship and
communication" - expanding knowledge about a
person, society, oneself; formation of friendly
relations in the team based on common attitude,
aspirations, cooperation, formation of aesthetic
communication skills, "dialogue of cultures",
expansion of communicative competences.
10. "I am in the world of health and a healthy
lifestyle" - formation of ideas about a healthy
lifestyle based on examples of folklore, customs,
rituals; restore the traditions of folk medicine -
expand knowledge about medicinal plants, get
acquainted with the methods of creation [8].
Analysis and results - The results of the analysis
of the research conducted with the pupils of
preschool educational institutions operating on
the basis of the state curriculum "Ilk Kadam" in
Uzbekistan show that 70-80% of them are
positive. A study based on familiarization with
folk culture - students were observed using 10
directions to choose the one they liked. 150
students took part in the process. Among them, 8
people chose the direction "I am in the world of
wildlife and human beings", 5 people chose the
direction "I am in the world of kindness and
mercy" - 5 people, "I am in the world of folk art
and national traditions" "I am in the world" - 7
people, "I am in the world of art and inspiration"
- 12 people, "I am in the world of labor and folk
crafts" - 5 people, "I am in the world of games and
holidays" "I am in the world" - 58 people, "I am in
the world of my loved ones and family" - 25
people, Those who chose the direction "I am in the
world of music and folk tales" - 7 people, those
who chose the direction "I am in the world of
friendship and communication" - 8 people, those
who chose the direction "I am in the world of
health and healthy lifestyle" - 15 The results of the
research show that children liked the world of
games and holidays more than anything else.
Because the young generation who can lay the
foundation stone of the new Uzbekistan, and who
can easily compete with their equals from all over
the world, who have been educated based on the
criteria of oriental education, are growing up.
Representatives of this generation are not only
our historical works, our national values,
traditions, customs. It is necessary to know the
examples of our holidays, folk art, foreign
languages, and the use of new innovative
technologies.Conclusion/Recommendations. In
conclusion, it can be said that Alisher Navoi's
"Mahbub ul-Qulub", Farabi's "Views of the people
of Fazil Shahar", Ibn Sina's "Tadbir al-manzil",
Yusuf Khos Hajib's "Kutadgu bilig", Fairy tales,
proverbs, proverbs, examples of folklore,
cartoons created on the basis of the ideas
presented in the works of Kaikovus "Nightmare"
are the ground for the formation of educated,
polite, well-educated, in general, "perfect people"
of preschoolers. These masterpieces are a huge
force of great importance for human
development. Over the years, their value
increases. Ethnopedagogy is built on the basis of
works of direct educational value. Especially, the
ethnopedagogy of the Uzbek people is a clear
example of this. can be thus, an integral
pedagogical model of ethno-cultural art
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
246
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
240-246
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
education, including emotional, cognitive,
axiological and activity components, is
implemented in their unity and interdependence.
R
EFERENCES
1.
"Concept of developing the preschool
education system until 2030" Resolution of
the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan
No. PQ-4312 of May 8, 2019
2.
Kadirova F.R, Toshpolatova Sh.Q, Kayumova
N.M., Agzamova M.N. "Preschool Pedagogy" T.:
Tafakkur, T- 2019. Textbook.
3.
Sadiqova Sh.A. Preschool pedagogy. T.: A
spring of thought. 2013 Textbook.
4.
Nafasov D.Sh. Theoretical and pedagogical
aspects of delevoping students socio-cultural
competence.Scientific
collection
“Interconf”.//Scien
ce
and
practice:
Implementation
to
modern
society.
–
Manchester,
Great
Britain,
№3(39)
December,2020. 516-521 pages.
5.
NafasovD.Sh.Theoretical and pedagogical
aspects of forming sociocultural competence
of students in tourism. // European Journal of
Research and Reflection in Educational
Sciences.
–
Great Britain, 2020. Vol.8. No.12.
–
PP.70-73(13.00.00;
–
№ 3).
6.
Sh.E.Yakubova. Pedagogik ta’limotlar
-
talabalarda
pozitiv
dunyoqarashni
shakllanishiga xizmat qiluvchi manba sifatida.
Science and innovation. Volume 1 Issue 8.
2022-yil. 2179-2185 bet
7.
Sh.E.Yakubova. The influence of the principle
of negbinism on the development of students
(on the example of the spiritual heritage of
eastern thinkers). In volume 20, of Eurasian
Journal of Learning and Academic Teaching
(EJLAT) May 2023. Genius Journals Publishing
Group, Brussels, Belgium. 84 p
8.
Dzhurayeva.D.R. Modern trends of education
for children of preschool age T.: 2015.
UzPFITI. Methodical guide.
9.
NafasovD.Sh. Theoretical and pedagogical
aspects of forming sociocultural competence
of students in tourism. // European Journal of
Research and Reflection in Educational
Sciences.
–
Great Britain, 2020. Vol.8. No.12.
–
PP.71.(13.00.00;
–
№ 3).
