Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
86
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
86-93
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
This scientific article provides information about the state of existing land resources in Uzbekistan, land
degradation, desertification, and erosion. In particular, information is provided about the processes of
drying up of the Aral Sea, salinization and degumification of land resources in the regions of the Republic
of Uzbekistan as a result of historical mistakes and attitude to land resources, and it is explained in detail
through tables and pictures. Decisions taken by the government of our country for the solution and
prevention of these problems and their results, opinions aimed at the use of land resources and the solution
of these problems are described.
K
EYWORDS
Land, degradation, deification, erosion, degradation, swamping, desertification.
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
THE STATE OF LAND RESOURCES OF UZBEKISTAN,
PROBLEMS OF LAND RESOURCES, WAYS TO IMPROVE THE
EXISTING GEOECOLOGICAL STATE
Submission Date:
June 06, 2023,
Accepted Date:
June 11, 2023,
Published Date:
June 16, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-06-15
V.I. Nilipovsky
Vice-Rector for International Relations, Candidate of Economics, Professor, Moscow State University for
Land Management, Russia
Inamov A.N
associate professor, “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National
Research University, Ph.D. Uzbekistan
Bakhriddinova N.Kh
student, “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research
University, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
87
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
86-93
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
I
NTRODUCTION
The land is the source of society's wealth, the
basis for public life and activity, agricultural
production. Our country is rich in natural
resources, it has large reserves of fossil fuels,
freshwater, and other resources, but their most
important is land resources, especially
agricultural land.
As of January 1, 2022, the total area of Uzbekistan
amounted to 44892.4 thousand hectares, about
60.48% of which were occupied by agricultural
land. Today, ensuring the needs of the population
for food on a global scale and in our country has
become one of the most complex issues of the
time. As the population grows, issues of
increasing the production of agricultural
products and at the same time expanding the area
of cities and towns, developing industrial
communication, and allocating additional land for
other needs are being raised. Additionally, the
degradation of land resources as a result of
human farming activities, wind and water erosion
of soils, degradation of irrigated land,
sedimentation of pastures, degradation of soil in
the Aral Sea zone, and technological
desertification are the most pressing problems
awaiting their solution.
Methods. In general, the state of the soil depends
on how we affect it. Mankind produces and
harvests crops during its subsistence farming
activities. This means that it takes organic matter
grown in the soil and makes it poorer. At the same
time, it fertilizes the soil, performs replacement
plantings and other agrotechnical activities,
thereby enriching the soil and restoring its
productivity. However, the failure to carry out
such events in a timely manner can only
accelerate the layoffs of the soil as a result of
erosion, degradation, and swamping of the soil.
Such bitter lessons are also found in U.S.
agriculture. In previous years, the republic has
grown to develop desert zones and open new
lands and expand subsistence farming. Between
1975 and 1985, 1 million hectares of new land
were
cultivated.
However,
during
the
development, there was insufficient emphasis on
subsistence farming, replacement technology was
replaced by a single agricultural government,
inventions decreased, and meliorative work was
thirsty. The resulting rise in sea levels from the
meltwater could eventually deteriorate to the
oceans from freezing over or bogging away.
(Figure 1)
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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VOLUME
03
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6.741
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1368736135
Figure 1. The image of Aral Sea which was taken by satellite
Wind and water erosions also greatly affect the
fertility of the soil. Today, there are 2 million in
the republic. more than a hectare of land deficit,
including 0.7 million. the hectare of land was
severely decreased, 0.5 million. Irrigation erosion
is occurring on hectares of land. Such lands are
common in the provinces in front of the
mountains, especially in the Valley of Fargo, and
irrigated land is part of it. According to the
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture,
erosion can wash away 0.5-0.8 tons of gum, 100-
120 kg of nitrogen, and 75-100 kg of phosphorus
per hectare. This sets the stage for a decrease in
the efficiency of irrigated land use.
By the second decade of the 21st century, the
global climate change that is taking place in the
world and the incompetence of lands in many
countries
is
experiencing
problems
of
desertification and land degradation, resulting in
an incompetence of some 2 billion acres [2 billion
ha] of land around the world. According to the
United Nations, more than 40 percent of the land
to be driven has been degraded due to mistakes
and shortcomings in irrigation and meliorative
work, making it unsuitable for cultivation and
agricultural crops. In addition, desertification and
drought are a serious economic, social and
ecological problem that threaten food security in
many parts of the world. Desertification poses a
serious threat to the health and well-being of the
1.2 billion people living in more than 100
countries around the world.
As a result of the world's degradation processes,
7 million acres [7 million ha] of land are being
evacuated from agriculture each year. This rightly
worries experts. This is because its area
decreases thousands of times faster than the
formation of soil. For example, for the formation
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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VOLUME
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of soil 10cm thick, it takes 1400-1700 years.
Water erosion of such thickness soil can be
discharged as early as 20-30 years. Sometimes
only one turtle is enough for this process.
Results. In the years that followed, irrigation
subsistence farming zones, especially in the Aral
Sea regions, resulted in various degradation and
excessive humidity, secondary degradation,
desertification, wind and irrigation erosion,
pollution with heavy metals and toxic substances,
degumification, density of the driving layer,
resulting in a decrease in irrigated soil
productivity and crop yields. A total of 2 million
people are across the country, according to the
results of scientific and practical research
conducted in the regions. Of the 418.8 thousand
hectares of slaughtered land, 72.1% were found
to be sown at different levels, of which 38.4%
were weak, 22.8% were medium, 6.2% were
strong, and 4.7% were very strong. We tested -
91.4% of all irrigated land in the District (15
districts), In the Bukhara region (12 districts) -
85.1%, in the Jizzakh region -76.4%, in the Navoi
region (6 districts) -64.5%, in the Syrdarya region
(10 districts) -79.3%, in the Khorezm region (10
districts) -68.8%. The share of strongly degraded
soil was found to be mainly attributed to the
District (15.1%) and Khorezm region (5.9%).
Figure 2 shows that the state of irrigated land in
the cross-section of the provinces is not
satisfactory. Almost all of the 14 administrative
provinces in the country are some extent
degraded.
Figure 2. The degradation rate of irrigated land throughout the country accounts for % of the
share of the prov
Very strong %
0
20
40
60
K
araka
lpa
ks…
K
horezm
Bukh
ara
A
ndijan
Jiz
zakh
K
ashkad
arya
Surkh
andar
ya
N
avoi
y
N
aman
gan
Sam
arkand
Syrda
rya
Tash
ke
nt
Fer
gana
Very strong %
Strong
Middle
Weak
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
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VOLUME
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Pages:
86-93
SJIF
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(2022:
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(2023:
6.741
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OCLC
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1368736135
As a practical solution to the above problems, the
Decrees of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan have been adopted. For example, on
June 10, 2022, our President Shavkat Mirziyoev
signed a resolution "On measures to create an
effective system for combating land degradation."
The resolution designates the Ministry of
Agriculture
as
the
div
implementing
government policy to combat land degradation.
Drought is one of the most internal natural
disasters in terms of the loss of crop yields, the
destruction of people's lives as a result of forest
fires and water shortages. In recent years, forest
fires caused by food and water shortages, severe
droughts have intensified. Currently, 70 percent
or 31.4 million acres [70 percent or 31.4 million
ha] of land in Uzbekistan are drought-prone
areas, mainly affected by deserts and hot harmsel
winds consisting of naturally degraded, moving
sand dunes and sand dunes, according to a news
service from the National Forestry Committee of
the Republic of Uzbekistan. Our President's
resolution, adopted on February 22, 2019, "On
measures to improve the efficiency of efforts to
combat desertification and drought in the
Republic of Uzbekistan," was of great importance.
The decision aims to improve the efficiency of
desertification and drought fighting in our
country.
When we think about the activities being
undertaken in our country against desertification
and drought, it is intended to stop, especially the
dev
elopment of a “Way Map" for 2019
-2023 by
the State Committee for Forestry. Because in a
short period of time, a number of effective work
has been achieved on the basis of this "Way Map",
which has selected the most relevant boiling
areas for our republic. For example, during 2019-
2022, forestry and reconstruction activities were
carried out on some 1.7 million acres [1.7 million
ha] of land in the dried-up region of the Aral Sea.
Additionally, in the region of Bukhara, work has
begun to create a Green Shield of Bukhara in more
than 200,000 acres [200,000 ha] of land to protect
irrigated valley land and infrastructure in the Red
Cross, and to build sparrows to improve the
condition of more than 150,000 acres [150,000
ha] of desert pastures in the region of Navoi.
Additionally, the construction of forests
consisting of desert-resistant plants, such as
sparrows, sugarcane, and cherry trees in the
region will create a unique ecosystem and soften
climate change. The reprocessing of plants such
as chagon, terraces, dyes, and Caiaphas, which are
considered food in the desert zone, will serve to
ensure food security. Indeed, all measures taken
are aimed at protecting irrigated land, and
irrigated land is one of the main sources of global
wealth, agricultural production and the country's
food security.
At the same time, the AGROMAP.UZ online news
portal, which features an agricultural map of our
country to digitize and digitize the agricultural
industry, create a realistic status for land
resources, properly use the potential of our
regions to determine where to plant what kind of
livestock, what type of livestock is cultivated, and
create an added value chain, can be used in the
near future as a solution to these problems.
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
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VOLUME
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This website allows you to monitor and monitor
the national land balance of the Republic online,
including digitalization services that allow you to
develop a system for storing, selling and finally
delivering ready-made products, from gradual
soil ball bond data in each region through the
satellite system. (Figures 5 and 6)
Figure5. Gradual registration of land resources
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Figure 6. Display of land plot information on the online portal
C
ONCLUSION
In connection with these approaches, the above-
mentioned problems are studied scientifically
and practically, and the stability of land
restoration is achieved by the following ways:
1.
Formation of a unified accounting system for
lands as a result of improving the separate
accounting of land between offices and
(network) agencies;
2.
By creating duty electronic cards on degraded,
salinized and eroded irrigated lands, as a
result of forming a system of operational
management and monitoring of their
restoration and putting into use, their
orderliness, addressability, reliability of data
is ensured;
3.
Development of a methodology for the
formation of a regional investment program of
measures to restore and put into use irrigated
lands in a state of degradation;
4.
To create grounds for including measures to
restore irrigated lands in a state of
degradation into the state investment
program;
5.
To create programs covering systematic and
complex measures at the republican and
regional level regarding restoration of
degraded, saline and eroded irrigated lands.
Implementation of this program through
these ways, in turn, in addition to land restoration
works, the amount of agricultural products
obtained from these lands and the number of
created jobs will increase, and the employment of
the population living in rural areas will be
ensured. In addition, in the future, as a result of
further development and diversification of the
production of agricultural products through the
restoration of degraded irrigated lands, their role
in the socio-economic development of the
country will be strengthened.
R
EFERENCES
1.
Resolution of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, 10.06.2022, PQ-277;
2.
Resolution of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, 22.02.2019, PQ-4204;
3.
National Report on the State of Land
Resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
Tashkent, 2022;
4.
Electronic library of Bukhara State University,
reference to "Use and maintenance of land
resources";
5.
Rakhmonov Q.R. lecture "Land as the primary
source of information on land cadastre";
6.
6. S.R.Sharipov, Curriculum for The Basics of
Land Development, Tashkent, 2019;7.
A.Altiyev. Problems regulating the system of
land
resource
use.
Tashkent,
2018.,Monography. 23-24 pages
7.
Sustainable management of land resources
under climate change. Materials of republican
scientific-practical
seminar
articles.
Tashkent, 2017;
8.
Kh. Shukurlaev. Land reclamation and
protection. Tashkent, 2009, 128;
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(2022:
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(2023:
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S.B. Abbasov "Problems of Desertification"
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