Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
21
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
21-25
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
This article was devoted to the identification of varnishes in the work of the American Afghan nobleman
Holiday Hussein. The analysis of the translation of the author's works in the Uzbek language is carried out
on the basis of the method of comparing them with a copy in Russian language.
K
EYWORDS
Lacune, realia, lacunology, linguistics, anthropocentric paradigm, comparison method, The work of Holid
Hussein.
I
NTRODUCTION
In linguistics, the term lacuna appeared and
became popular in the second half of the 20th
century. However, it should be mentioned that
the essence of the concept of lacuna was
understood long before this century. A vivid
example of this is the work "Muhokamat-ul
Lughatayn" written by the great scholar Alisher
Navoi in 1499. He mixed the Turkish and Persian
languages and clearly demonstrated through
factual examples that there is not always an
alternative word for a word in one language in
another language. Although Alisher Navoi did not
use the term lacuna, which has been standardized
in world linguistics since the second half of the
20th century, in this work, he deeply understood
the essence of the reality related to this term. This
Journal
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Research Article
LACUNAE IN THE WORKS OF KHALED HUSAYNI
Submission Date:
June 02, 2023,
Accepted Date:
June 07, 2023,
Published Date:
June 12, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-06-04
Matenova Ayjamal Koshkarbayevna
1st Year Basic Doctoral Student At Faculty Of Comparative Linguistics And Translation Studies At National
University Of Uzbekistan Named After Mirzo Ulugbek, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
22
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
21-25
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
work of Alisher Navoi is also significant in that it
is the first philological work dedicated to the
comparison of Uzbek and Persian-Tajik languages
and their vocabulary.
Although the term lacuna was introduced into
scientific circulation by Canadian linguists, it took
a strong place in Russian linguistics and
translation studies. As a result, a special field of
"lacunology" was created in Russian linguistics.
At the same time, in addition to terms and words
belonging to the lexicon without equivalent
(realia, unit without equivalent, etc.), a number of
linguistic categories, terms and concepts related
to lacuna appeared. In particular, the number of
generalizing, explanatory and analytical scientific
works on concepts such as lacunology, the
phenomenon of lacunarity, lacuna, lacunar unit,
language background with a lacuna has increased
significantly.
Today, the study of lacunae is not only about
identifying the differences between two
languages. In order to systematically fill and
enrich the language lexicon, it is necessary to
study this linguistic phenomenon in depth. As the
researchers compare the foreign language with
their own language and strive to identify and
eliminate the gap in the lexical level, they are
trying to thoroughly research the emergence of
new concepts that are formed in the mind and
their naming processes related to thinking and
imagination. . Based on the observed and
collected results, along with enriching the
language lexicon, it is possible to evaluate the
processes of emergence and popularization of
new words. In Uzbek linguistics, reviving the
work in this regard, identifying and filling the
lacunae in the lexicon of the literary language
based on the comparison of dialects and dialects
of the national language with the literary
language will undoubtedly serve to ensure the
development and purity of the language.
The main part. A lacuna also exists for translators.
A lacuna in linguistics can be defined as a lexical
gap or "the absence of a lexical item in a language
when there is a concept in a conceptual domain
with zero verbalization" (Journal of Education
Culture and Society No .1, 2013, pg. 169).
In world linguistics, one of the central
problems of linguistic and cultural research is the
study of the mentality of the language owners,
national-cultural peculiarities by comparing two
languages. And the scientific study of the issue of
eliminating lacunas determines the linguistic
possibilities of these languages. In this sense, the
phenomenon of lacunarity is being researched by
linguists and translators within the framework of
issues of the occurrence of gaps in cognitive maps
in cross-linguistic and linguistic aspects, their
filling in the process of communication, and
revealing alternative lexical translation methods.
Today, in world linguistics, researching the
problem of lacunarism in connection with the
issues of the linguistic landscape of the world is
gaining urgent importance.
In this article, we tried to identify the lacunae in
the works of the American Afghan writer Khalid
Hosseini. Khaled Hosseini (born March 4, 1965) is
an Afghan-American author and physician. He has
been living in the United States since he was 15
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
21-25
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
years old and is now a citizen of this country. His
2003 debut, The Kite Runner, was a worldwide
success, spending 101 weeks on the best-selling
book list (4 weeks at No. 1). In 2007, he wrote his
second book, A Thousand Splendid Suns. Both of
the author's books have sold more than 38 million
copies worldwide. These works were skillfully
translated into Uzbek by translator Rustam
Jabbarov. Writer Khalid Husayni's works
"Running After the Wind", "Thousand Suns" and
"The Mountains Resounded" have now reached
many Uzbek readers. The author's works talk
about the sad fate of innocent people who had to
stay for a long time in the heart of war in
Afghanistan. Translator Rustam Jabbarov
translates the author's works from Russian and in
the process of translation omits some parts
without affecting the content of the work.
In the 80s of the last century, as a result of the
study of lacuna, realia and non-equivalent words,
there were certain difficulties in describing and
explaining linguistic phenomena that can be
determined by comparing two languages. In
particular, in V. Muraveyev's work entitled
"Lexical lacunae (on the example of French and
Russian lexicon)" created in 1975, the
phenomenon of reality is also considered as part
of the concept of iakuna. Therefore, Muraveyev
defines a lacuna as "in the process of
communication, a representative of another
culture does not understand or cannot fully
understand, interprets it as a national-cultural
element expressed in the language of the
representative of this culture. (“In the
understanding of most linguists, these “white
spots” appear as a r
esult of the lack of an
equivalent in the form of a word to a word in
another language. Thus, according to the
definition of J. P. Vinet and J. Darbelne: “II y a
lacune chaque fois qu'un signifie de L. D. ( langue
de depart - V. M ") ne trouve pas de signifiant
habituel dans L. A. (langue d'arrivee - V. M.), p.ex.
l'absensce d 'un seul m ot pour rendre shallow
(peu p ro fo n d ) 1. We find a similar
understanding of gaps in Yu. S. Stepanov.”)
Since the translator Rustam Jabbarov translated
Khalid Hosseini's works from Russian into Uzbek,
we tried to identify gaps in Khalid Hosseini's work
by comparing and contrasting the Russian and
Uzbek versions of the work. For example, pay
attention to the following passage: “My path ran
along Spreckels Lake at the northern border of
Golden Gate Park.”[1] It was barely past noon, the
sun's rays sparkled on the surface of the lake, light
ripples ran through the water. ("My path passed
along the Spreckels Lake, along the northern
borders of the Golden Gate Avenue. The rays of
the rising sun shimmered on the surface of the
lake, and toy ships floated on the surface of the
water with inflated sails" KHALID HUSSAINIY.
"The wind "Running after" work). Please note that
"Edva perevalilo za polden" in Russian, that is, the
middle of the day, noon time, is given with the
combination of Uzbek "Kyyam". It is emphasized
as a national-cultural element that cannot be
understood by the representative of this culture.
culture, tradition and values are reflected in their
own language. Lexical combinations in the Uzbek
language are also expressed on the basis of our
national cultural values. tries to deliver in an
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
24
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
21-25
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
understandable way in layers. We can understand
this from the example above. Let's also pay
attention to the following sentences: Cheerfully
giggling, we stuffed our mouths with berries,
threw them at each other.” i.e. ("we would shout
for joy, fill our mouths with fruits and throw them
at each other"). In Rustam Jabbarov's translation,
it is given in a slightly different way: "We filled our
lungs with dry fruits and threw them at each
other" (KHALID HUSSAINIY. The work "Running
after the wind"). The lexemes lunge and irgitmog
in this passage are presented in a completely
different way in the Russian translation. When
comparing the lexicons of two languages,
although most of the words in it are equivalent,
they cannot be completely equivalent to each
other.
Reasonable transliteration enriches the reader's
imagination, expands the vocabulary of his
language. For example, the Russian word
"tansevat" could be equivalent to the Uzbek word
"to dance" with its only meaning. Another
meaning of it is that a man and a woman walk in a
circle holding hands, because this method of
dancing is not characteristic of Uzbeks, it does not
have its equivalent in Uzbek. Transliterating this
word increases the wealth of the Uzbek language
vocabulary. The combination "tansa tushmoq"
which is part of the vocabulary of the current
national language has long been synonymous
with the Uzbek word "to dance" and has enriched
the imagination of the public with a new concept
of "joint dance of a man and a woman".
Conclusion. In linguistics, the distinction and
description of the lacuna from its related
phenomena has been completed today. In
particular, separate research schools have
emerged in this regard in English and Russian
linguistics. Although the study of lacunae in the
comparison of two languages is leading in these
scientific schools, recently special attention has
been paid to the fact that the phenomenon of
lacunae also exists within the language and that
this phenomenon is one of the developmental
factors in the development of the language. One of
the important studies in this regard is the work of
the Russian scientist G. Bikova entitled
"Lacunarity as a category of lexical systemology".
In it, the scientist studied the types of lacunae,
their detection methods, the causes of their
occurrence, and the ways of their elimination in a
wide aspect based on the materials of the Russian
language. According to Bikova, lacuna - "a concept
that does not have a specific sound shell and is
currently represented by a few words, which
sooner or later "stands on the springboard" for
lexical realization, and is objectified as a new
word. it is observed even within one language.
According to the scientist, any nameless concept
is not a lacuna, but a semema lacuna that is on the
verge of lexical realization. The need for lexical
realization is felt for a concept that is often
referred to in the process of communication (if it
is not named). Because , the linguistic-speech
need is important in the formation of language
units. In some cases, the names of irrelevant (not
necessarily important) concepts are not actively
used in speech, and they pass to the inactive layer,
which shows that this point of view is
appropriate.
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
25
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
21-25
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
Today, the study of lacuna is not only about
identifying the differences between two
languages. In order to systematically fill and
enrich the language lexicon, it is necessary to
study this linguistic phenomenon in depth. As the
researchers try to compare the foreign language
with their own language and try to identify and
eliminate the gaps in the lexical level, they are
trying to thoroughly research the emergence of
new concepts that are formed in the mind and
their naming processes related to thinking and
imagination. . Based on the observed and
collected results, along with enriching the
language lexicon, it is possible to evaluate the
processes of emergence and popularization of
new words. In Uzbek linguistics, reviving the
work in this regard, identifying and filling the
lacunae in the lexicon of the literary language
based on the comparison of dialects and dialects
of the national language with the literary
language will undoubtedly serve to ensure the
development and purity of the language.
R
EFERENCES
1.
Bykova G.V. Lacunarity as a category of lexical
systemology. - Blagoveshchensk: BSPU, 2003.
- S. 51 ..
2.
Vinay J., Darbelnet J. Stylistique comparee du
fraicais et de I'anglais. - Paris, 1958. p.10.
3.
Muravyov V.L. Lexical gaps (based on the
vocabulary of French and Russian languages).
- Vladimir, 1975. - S. 24.
4.
Kholmonova Z., Saidahmedova O., Nurillayeva
O. Study of concepts related to linguistic and
cultural studies / monograph / - Tashkent:
Navroz, 2018. 76 p.
5.
https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakuna.
6.
https://tsuull.uz/sites/default/files/5._tilshu
noslikda_lakuna_muammosi.pdf
7.
https://evs-translations.com/blog/lacuna/
8.
https://azkurs.org/tilshunoslikda-
lakunaning-kolysinya-annotatsiya.html
9.
http://www.dawatfreemedia.org/english/in
dex.php?mod=article&cat=pashto&article=13
4
10.
https://librebook.me/the_kite_runner/vol1/
1?mtr=1#page=last
11.
https://ares.uz/storage/app/media/2021/V
ol_2_No_11/747-761.pdf
