Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
246
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
246-253
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
the article analyzes the possibilities of using metaphors when expressing thoughts in the media, including
on electronic websites, in social networks, and in the speech of bloggers in connection with the
manifestation of new semantic and expressive facets of metaphors, cognitive and pragmatic study of such
metaphors in Uzbek and world languages. linguistics.
K
EYWORDS
Cognitive-pragmatic analysis, blogger's speech, journalism, methods of migration of meanings, migration
of meanings based on similarity, positive network, media, journalistic text, discourse, linguistic analysis.
I
NTRODUCTION
Cognitive linguistics refers to metaphor as a
cognitive mechanism that structurally organizes
human thought and experience. Accordingly,
metaphor is considered as an element that finds
its vivid expression in language and speech,
determines the thought process, behavior, and
scientific knowledge. In particular, J. Lakoff
believes that metaphor is not a purely linguistic
phenomenon, but a factor of conceptualizing the
world and evidence of thinking.
ESKubryakova writes that "Cognitive science is a
science that studies the reflection and storage of
knowledge within the framework of perception,
classification, evaluation and understanding of
the world . "
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
THE USE OF ANTHROPOMORPHIC METAPHORS IN
JOURNALISTIC DISCOURSE AND TEXTS
Submission Date:
September 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
September 25, 2023,
Published Date:
September 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-09-40
Hamidov Haydar Azamatovich
Researcher Of Karshi Branch Of Tashkent University Of Information Technologies Named After Muhammad
Al-Khorezmi, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
247
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
246-253
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
It is known that modern publications on the
theory and practice of studying cognitive
metaphors are based on the classic study
"Metaphors by which we live" by J. Lakoff and M.
Johnson .
If Yu.S. Stepanov evaluates metaphor as a
fundamental feature of language , Ortega-i-Gasset
calls metaphor a tool of thought that "helps us
reach the outermost regions of the conceptual
scale. "
The birth of a metaphor is related to the
conceptual system of language owners, which is
verbalized only in language, their standard
perception of the world, evaluation system.
Therefore, metaphor is a unique model of the
science of inference, the promotion of
hypotheses.
Man's use of metaphor to collect experience is an
important victory of human thinking (J. Lakoff) .
Even rational thinking relies to some extent on
metaphorical models. J. Lakoff himself says about
this : "...instead of understanding metaphor as an
activity, it is a kind of word that belongs to a
separate speech (a writer or a writer), to express
an idea, especially , is seen as a way of expressing
a lofty opinion. That is why many people believe
that it is possible to express an idea without a
metaphor. However, these metaphors "infiltrate"
and occupy the whole everyday life, except for the
passive, inactive consciousness, and our usual
conceptual systems of thinking and acting form
the basis of the nature of metaphors.
NDArutyunova says that metaphor is to perceive,
feel and convey the individuality (uniqueness) of
a concrete object or event .
Metaphor is a deep-seated implicit process of
creating an analogy between two things, a
strategy by which a familiar situation or
understood essence is superimposed on another
unfamiliar situation in order to make it
understandable. It is a way of seeing something
that looks like something else, moving through a
complex of direct, cross-situationally associative
concepts.
The path to metaphorization is from the concrete
to the abstract, from the material to the spiritual.
Metaphor facilitates the understanding of the
abstract, it is a universal tool for thinking and
knowing the world.
Metaphor is one of the main criteria for knowing
the world, and there is no doubt that metaphor is
the most appropriate and effective tool for
representation of acquired knowledge. And this
modern linguistics point of view in terms of
metaphor to know in progress to be considered
the main mental operation permission gives _
make it necessary to examine it, that is, the
metaphor, in a cognitive direction. In particular,
in 1967, M.Osborn states that human concepts of
existence tend to be metaphorically associated,
and unwanted symbols are placed below the
spatial axis belonging to the class of directed
metaphors according to the theory of conceptual
metaphor.
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
246-253
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
G. Bateson describes the metaphor as the logic
(logic) that embodies the essence of the whole
living world ( metaphor - eto logic, na kotoroy
postroyen ves mir jivogo ) and metaphor is the
"connecting pattern" ("syvazuyushchiy pattern")
that contains the secrets of the Great Truth. ") .
Metaphor as an ideal phenomenon is called
"conceptual metaphor" and "cognitive metaphor"
in cognitive linguistics. That is, giving such a name
to a metaphor is explained by determining that it
is a reality at the neural or conceptual level . This
approach refers to the two-level activity of the
brain.
Cognitive metaphor as a mechanism is related to
the processes occurring at the level of activation
of neural connections (level of neurophysiological
activity in the language of neuropsychology),
while conceptual metaphor refers to the level of
understanding, reasoning, and conclusion of
human thinking (J. Lakoff and his followers). The
locus
of
cognitive
metaphor
is
the
neurophysiological substrate of the brain. The
locus of conceptual metaphor is mental activity
and the process of conceptual thinking.
Metaphor is first born in the intellectual process,
then it moves to practical, that is, speech activity
(NDArutyunova, VNTelia, Ye.O.Oparina, later
O.Yu.Buynova). In particular, NDArutyunova
emphasizes that cognitive metaphor is
manifested as a functional type among linguistic
metaphors: nominative (transfer of name),
figurative identification (transition of descriptive
meaning
to
predicate),
generalizable
(generaliziruyushchaya) metaphors . The main
task of cognitive metaphor is to create a new
meaning. In this regard, NDArutyunova
distinguishes the following features of cognitive
metaphor: 1) metaphorization of predicate
meaning of symbolic words; 2) formation of new
meanings and concepts during metaphorical
transfer; 3) the role of the tool of knowledge
(epistemological role). Thus, cognitive metaphor
is a metaphorical transfer in the scope of
predicate words with the formation of new
meanings; secondly, the cognitive metaphor is the
result of the above migration (in which the
cognitive metaphor is understood as an old sign
secondary filled with a new content).
VNTelia's views are also consistent with
NDArutyunova's, who also considers cognitive
metaphor to be a linguistic metaphor. In
particular, he includes such types as identifying
(or indicative), predicative, evaluative, emotive
(evaluative-expressive) and figurative among the
tasks performed by metaphors. The scientist
believes that some of them create a new meaning
and show a cognitive character, and he calls them
cognitive .
According to the above, two mutually associative
terms have appeared in linguistics indicating the
cognitive function of metaphor: "cognitive
function of metaphor" (migration based on
similarity) → "cognitive metaphor" (scientific
metaphor) → "conceptual metaphor" . Such a
nature is also typical of theomorphic metaphor:
entering into an associative relationship with
other metaphors, it can directly affect both their
constructive and conceptual world . More
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
246-253
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
precisely, it can exist in their system, and even
more precisely, it acts as a superstructure in their
formation. In particular, the theomorphic
metaphor studied in the system of zoomorphic
and anthropomorphic metaphors, which is
considered fundamental, has the power to explain
the reasons for the emergence of these two, but
also a number of other types of metaphors.
We would like to justify our opinion with the
following. The essence that metaphors are meant
to convey does not yield uniform results,
depending on the analytical capacity of thought.
However, the linguist scientist ANBaranov, who
studied cognitive and "atomistic" semantics,
believes that it is impossible to equate the image
of the internal form of the metaphor with the
analytical review of its purpose and place of
formation . At this point, it is necessary to pay
attention not to the analytical analysis of the
metaphor, but to the "trigger" leading to the
corresponding image - a sign directed to a specific
association .
The technique of progressing and understanding
the meaning and essence of the form according to
the sign goes back to the human knowledge about
the existing forms in the world - cognitive
categories. So, in this regard, the semantic
definition of linguistic units is literally cognitive
in nature, and the semantic explanation manifests
a cognitive metaphor in itself:
Information attacks : "bomb" How much "bomb"
is the "evidence" itself?
....you don't need to be an expert in pedagogy and
methodology or a scientist in any field to
understand that most of the cases presented as
"evidence" against RTM are actually just
information attacks - you just need "digital
literacy", which is considered an important skill
for the 21st century. The only question is: who is
behind this attack, whose author is behind
unknown channels, and what is the purpose?
Detectives Queen Agatha Christie with in other
words , " from this who interested ?" ( Ma'rifat ) _
The author of " Dalil ". this the assignment until
done he is a student another texts and
assignments through the Nobel Prize what is
about to understanding have to be _ or did not
understand , or " from the point of view escaped "
was _ Or education _ _ Russian in the language and
another in languages take to go classes for " Uzbek
_ _ language " to the textbook Murad Nazarov
about text what was included was " chewed " too.
One can find unique examples of metaphors in the
presidential speeches: " First of all , you , dear
ones , education of the field all passionate
employees the whole nation holiday
—
Teacher
and coaches day from the bottom of my heart
sincere blessed i will go
This Happy holidays _ you , the hard worker to
teachers in our hearts and minds has been high
respect and good wishes word with complete
expression reach it is difficult , of course . Because
you guys in the world the most priceless wealth
and eternal inheritance create it _ to our people ,
sprout and grow coming young to our generation
inconvenient deliver on the way really devotion
showing work doing without great people . This is
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SJIF
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)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
huge wealth is intelligence and science , this
immortal _ inheritance is good is education .
Therefore _ today yours to your honor expressing
noble our wishes , bow and our thanks whole of
our country infinite respect and respect symbol
as acceptance you ca n't
In our country last _ in years science and _
education field state of politics priority direction
to convert focused on the family a child from birth
from , perfection to his age to reach until him each
bilaterally that supports , in life worthy place to
find service who does whole and continuously
system is being created . Examples may also have
linguistic and cultural significance.
In terms of semantics, the linguocultural
approach helps to solve the problem of
determining the laws of metaphorical modeling of
the world picture in the political discourses of
different countries. On the one hand , there are
many studies political of metaphorics general
universal features reflection makes _ " Modern
public information tools already to himself
special interdiscourse organize is enough , then
differences separate ... languages only superficial
is something . Modern events discussion in doing
the world the press one instantly someone said
successful expression takes , it publications and in
languages distributed .. We to the world very
similar _ way let's see ( or watch to do offer we do
) publicist in the texts artistic painter there are
many words Occurs : Current study in the year the
most modern demand and standards based on
organize done new Uzbekistan university initial
students own to the bosom acceptance did _
Such update in processes of our mentors to work
, to life relationship and responsibility
fundamentally changed their _ _ constant looking
for news striving living , progressive education
technologies and methods thorough mastering
going , hyech undoubtedly , the solution doer
importance occupation is doing
Today's intense time to us how complicated tasks
that he is eating sheep all of us see and know we
are standing them solution reach and good to our
goals reach , the world scale competitive to be for
our people , first of all , our youth science ,
enlightenment and spirituality , development
achievements with q uralization need _
The same that's it on purpose education content
complete _ update for our country scientists ,
experienced pedagogues and foreign experts
wide attraction did without , National The
curriculum is created step by step to practice app
is being done .
Modern textbooks Create according to initial to
the results achieved and current for the first time
in a year one million more than initial class our
students new textbooks according to education is
taking
Today's in the day higher education system new
quality to the stage lifting , in the field there is
problems eliminate our universities _ education
and science major _ to the centers rotate
according to started big our work fast continue
let's continue it is necessary
Education of the field again one important
function is active citizenship position have was ,
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(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
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Motherland _ and people interests strictly
protection do it comfortable , modern , spacious
thinking young people generation from forming
consists of That's why « Continuously education
in the system social sciences study _ order and
principles concept". work exit and him to practice
current reach objective to necessity I think it is
spinning .
In our society the garden educator , school
teachers , university professors _ and scientific
and creative intellectuals today we are striving
Third of the Renaissance four support recognized
as a pillar we are doing From this come out of
them respect increase , in particular , the teacher
and of teachers value , honor and g' ururini
recovery is difficult and honorable work material
and spiritual encourage according to started our
work of course new to the step we will raise
Human organs and other related phenomena can
cause displacement later. For example, the eye
first began to represent the human organ of
vision, and then other similar objects found in
nature. Eye of the ring, eye of the needle, eye of
the spring, etc. Until this research in the Uzbek
language
dedicated
to
the
study
of
anthropomorphism, scientific texts have hardly
been analyzed. Mainly learned through literary
texts.
In
order
to
fully
reveal
the
anthropomorphic metaphors and their specific
features, it is necessary to analyze the texts of
different styles from the linguistic, sociolinguistic,
and linguistic-cultural points of view. In addition,
learning to use comparative anthropomorphic
metaphors will allow you to better understand it.
Anthropomorphic metaphor. This is a metaphor
created on the basis of the name of a person and
the objects belonging to him (div part, clothes),
lexemes such as leg, hand, mouth, tongue, tooth,
ear, forehead, collar metaphorical transfer of
meaning .
Yu.M. Alexandrova, Yu.V. Gorschunovlar notes
that a distinctive feature of J. Darrell's works is
the ability to give vivid descriptions of animals,
using the specific features of depicting people by
simulating the animal kingdom to human society.
The comparison is based on the natural color of
the animal , and it resembles the same or work
clothes or habits similar to the usual actions of
people of any profession or social status . If this is
an example of the expression of anthropomorphic
metaphors in artistic texts, it is necessary to form
certain ideas about how metaphors are used in
other speech situations, including journalistic
speeches.
Metaphor is used in various functional forms of
speech. Linguistic, sociolinguistic, and cognitive
features of metaphors in artistic texts are mainly
studied in research. In fact, anthropomorphic
metaphors are effectively used in journalistic,
even scientific and official speech styles. For
example, when anthropomorphic metaphors are
studied in the headlines of Russian and American
newspapers, the most developed model of
conceptual vectors of anxiety, aggression,
deviation from the natural order of things
(disease, etc.) appear. In particular, Ye.S.
Abramova in Russian linguistics emphasizes that
anthropomorphic metaphors reflect the way of
social changes, spiritual, moral and ideological
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SJIF
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(2021:
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)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
research in the Russian society over the past
years. Also, media discourse, socially prioritized
principles of understanding and interpreting
socially significant meanings in mass media, and
social-consciousness
that
governs
public
consciousness by creating and reproducing
socially significant meanings and evaluations in
mass media. understands as a regulatory
mechanism.
This study is focused on the understanding of the
movement of dominant meanings and their
linguistic nature in the context of changing social
consciousness under the influence of internal and
external factors in the process of understanding
the cultural space of Russian society.
In her doctoral dissertation, G. Nasrullayeva
emphasizes that metaphors should be studied in
scientific as well as journalistic texts in addition
to artistic texts. The scientist is a serious,
intellectual and prestigious scientific and
educational periodical aimed at understanding
the cultural and spiritual and moral foundations
of society, its present day and its role in the
history of human civilization in the modern socio-
cultural context, "Jamiyat", "Marifat" newspapers
emphasizes that it is of special importance as
publications .
In the Uzbek mass media, journalists and bloggers
use metaphors to make their ideas quickly
understood and effectively influenced by readers.
The use of anthropomorphic metaphors is
especially common in newspaper headlines. For
example, the newspaper "Jamiyat" published an
article under the title "Today's talk: the press
lives" (Jamiyat, November 26, 2020). In this case,
the verb "to live" is, of course, a figurative
meaning taken in relation to a person. Metaphor
is used in the first sentence of the article, " I will
talk about the power and influence of the press".
The word "power" in this sentence , of course,
goes back to the meaning of spiritual power in a
person.
Again, the same article uses the metaphorical
meaning of the word "to die", which is the
opposite of the verb to live. It is true that dying is
not unique to Jesus, but the lexeme used in the
following sentence represents a biological
phenomenon characteristic of people, which can
be included among anthropomorphic metaphors
: while some people are eagerly waiting for the
"funeral" of many publications , President
Shavkat Mirziyoyev in his address to teachers and
intellectuals on September 30 of this year
emphasized that the importance and place of
newspapers is incomparable, and we were very
happy about that.
"Enlightenment"
newspaper's
"Provincial
information-resource centers ogy? named article
also acquires a metaphorical meaning, this
figurative
word
originally
expresses
a
characteristic characteristic of people, but it can
be observed that it creates an anthropomorphic
metaphor in the language of mass media.
It is necessary to carry out such analyzes on
journalistic texts on a larger scale, because if
metaphors are studied only on the basis of artistic
texts, one can come to a one-sided conclusion.
allows. As a result, the scope of scientific ideas
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SJIF
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)
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about the figurative meanings of words, the scope
of use of metaphors expands.
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