Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
159
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
159-163
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
It is the family that is the small group that reflects the individual’s worldview, his emotional well
-being,
understanding and acceptance, and a sense of personal satisfaction. It is important for everyone to know
how to achieve this in the family, how relationships with others and personal choices should develop so
that this satisfaction in marriage lasts for many years.
K
EYWORDS
Family, emotional well-being, attitude, happiness, spouses, parents, children, upbringing, psychological
protection.
I
NTRODUCTION
A family is a small social group, the most
important form of organizing personal life, which
is based on a marital union and family ties
(relationships between husband and wife,
parents and children, brothers and sisters), who
live together and run a common household. The
family plays a huge role in the life of both the
individual and society as a whole. The most
important characteristics of a family are its
functions, structure and dynamics. The function
of the family is understood as the sphere of life
activity that is associated with the satisfaction of
family members with their specific needs.
The functions of the family are as follows:
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Research Article
PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE FAMILY, ITS
STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT DYNAMICS
Submission Date:
September 17, 2023,
Accepted Date:
September 22, 2023,
Published Date:
September 27, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-09-26
Umida Agzamova Abdumanonovna
Educational Center "New Way Psychology Laboratory". Master Of Applied Psychology, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
160
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
159-163
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
1.
Educational, it satisfies individual needs for
fatherhood and motherhood.
2.
Household (meeting the material needs of
family members, helping to maintain their
health).
3.
Emotional function of the family (satisfaction
of family members’ needs for sympathy,
respect, recognition, emotional support,
psychological protection)
4.
The
function
of
spiritual
(cultural)
communication (satisfying the needs for joint
leisure
activities,
mutual
spiritual
enrichment).
5.
The function of primary social control
(ensuring the fulfillment of social norms by
family members).
6.
Sexually - erotic.
Violations of family functions are such features of
its life activities that complicate or prevent the
family from performing its functions. A large
number of factors can contribute to violations -
the personal characteristics of its members, the
relationships between them, certain family
conditions. Family structure is its numerical
composition, distribution of roles, type of mutual
influence, and the totality of relationships in the
family. Analysis of the family structure makes it
possible to answer the question of how the
functions of the family are implemented, who is in
charge in the family, and how rights and
responsibilities are distributed among family
members.
Violation of family structure is such features that
complicate or prevent the family from performing
its functions. Family dynamics are its life cycle.
The functions and structure of the family may
change depending on the stages of its life. There
are various systems for identifying the main
stages of the life cycle. The best known is the
system of “stages”, where the fact of the presence
or absence of children in the family and their age
was used as the main sign of distinguishing
stages. Duval identified the following phases in
the family life cycle. Life cycle:
-
involvement. The meeting of spouses, their
emotional attraction to each other.
-
acceptance and development of new parental
roles.
-
acceptance of a new personality into the
family.
The
transition
from
dyadic
relationships
between
spouses
to
relationships in a triangle.
-
introduction of children into non-family
institutions.
-
acceptance of adolescence.
-
experimenting with independence.
-
preparation for the departure of children from
the family.
-
children leaving the family. The life of the
spouses “eye to eye.”
-
retirement, old age.
A normally functioning family is a family that
performs its functions responsibly and
differentiated, as a result of which the need for
growth and change of both the family as a whole
and each of its members is satisfied. According to
the point of view of Lederer and Jackson, a good
marriage is one that is characterized by the
following characteristics - tolerance, respect for
each other, honesty, desire to be together,
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
161
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
159-163
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
similarity of interests and value orientations. The
characteristics of a family as a small group are
closeness, emotional community, and great
vulnerability. Eidemiller identifies the features of
the modern family as small composition, nuclear
nature of the family, patriarchal connections,
predominance of female influence, the life of
several generations at once. Thus, he notes that
the patriarchal family (consisting of several
generations) is preserved.
Secondly, the boundaries between subsystems
are diffuse, poorly structured, power in the family
belongs to grandparents, in many families there
are no men in several generations, several
generations depend on each other not only
spiritually, but also financially, the ideology of a
totalitarian society has formed a rigid system of
coercion and obligation , the destruction of the
previous ideology and the absence of a new one
have led to an increased need for illusions in
society; the difficult financial situation leads to
families quickly breaking up.
Family structure - i.e. the composition of the
family and the number of its members, as well as
the totality of their relationships. Analysis of
family structure, according to E.G. Eidemiller and
V.V.Justitskis, makes it possible to answer the
question of how the function of the family is
realized: who in the family is in charge and who is
the executor, how rights and responsibilities are
distributed among family members. From the
point of view of structure, we can distinguish
families where leadership is concentrated in the
hands of one family member, and families where
equal participation of all members in
management is clearly expressed. In the first case,
they talk about an authoritarian system of
relations; in the second, about democracy. The
structure of a family can be different, scientists
write,
depending
on
how
the
main
responsibilities are distributed in it: evenly or
most of them are concentrated in the hands of one
family member. The most common structure in
our society is a family, which includes adults
(husband, wife, often one of the parents) and
children, and in our country it is most typical for
a family to have one or two children.
Violations of family structure are features that
make it difficult or prevent the family from
performing its functions. For example, the uneven
distribution of household responsibilities
between spouses is a violation of the structure of
relationships in the family, since it prevents the
satisfaction of a number of needs of their spouse,
who took on the main burden (needs for
restoration of physical strength, cultural, spiritual
enrichment). The dynamic processes underlying
the most obvious structural relationships,
processes that are widespread, specific and
recognizable, are called "family dynamics." V.V.
Stolin identifies three processes of the dynamic
aspect in the functioning of the family:
1. The assimilative process consists of
maintaining a stable state of an open family
system relative to some fixed frames of reference.
2. The accommodative process consists of a shift
in the fixed frame of reference itself.
3. The adaptive process is the search for a balance
between maintaining a certain stable state and
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
162
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
159-163
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
changing family functioning, that is, a balance
between the first two processes.
In addition to situational stresses, there are also
those that are provided for by conflicts in the
development of the individual, the div, the
family and other social groups. They can be
described as critical points in the family's passage
from phase to phase in the family life cycle. It is at
these points that the previous methods of
achieving goals, previously used in the family, do
not contribute to the achievement of new needs
that have arisen among family members. S.
Kratochvil points out that the life of a family has
its own critical periods, and refers to them as 4-6
and 17-25 years of common life. Z. Rosenthal
writes that 8% of divorcing young spouses
(marriage duration 0-2 years) motivated the
divorce by the interference of their parents in
their lives, and among those who had lived
together for five or more years this was only
0.6%. The uniqueness of further family
development It also shows that conflicts over
emotional relationships seem to crowd out
conflicts over raising children.
Thus, according to M. James, in the 5-10th year of
marriage, the most disagreements between
spouses arise due to different attitudes towards
raising children. At further stages of family
development, unique reasons for its instability
again appear, among which an important place is
occupied by the idea that it is impossible to revive
marital relations. So, V.A. Sysenko points out that
after 25 years of marriage, the number of divorces
increases, which are motivated by the husband’s
drunkenness (it is clear that it is very rare that a
man who has not been drinking before begins to
drink at the age of 50-60) or the actual creation of
another family (it is also clear that relationships
characterized as another family arises noticeably
earlier than the former marriage is legally
terminated). Family systems psychotherapists
Varnhill and Longo, to explain what happens to a
family during the transition from phase to phase,
borrowed psychoanalytic ideas about fixation
and regression: during a normative stressor,
dysfunctional families, instead of moving
forward, regress to earlier phases of family
development, or stop in their development, i.e.
are fixed at a certain phase. In order to avoid this,
they suggest families work through the problem
of translations: “How did you do it, by what
means, what else did you do?” M. Weddell in his
work “The Family and Its Dynamics” notes that a
family is a group of people connected by ties of
kinship, a socio-economic unit that exists around
a heterogeneous couple.Dynamic processes occur
in the family that underlie structural connections
-
“family dynamics”.
The birth of a child marks the beginning of a
dynamic that establishes long-lasting and specific
patterns of relationships that will characterize
the family in the future. With the birth of a child,
the system, previously closed on itself, begins to
exist objectively in the form of a triangle, with all
the problems characteristic and relevant for a
triangle. The essence of the processes occurring
with the child determines the content of such
concepts in the family as motherhood, paternity,
parenthood. Scientists draw attention to the fact
that all family processes occur as a natural
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
163
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
Pages:
159-163
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
continuation of past dynamics in parental
families, rooted in the first days of family life. So,
family dynamics is an important formation that
leads to various kinds of changes both in the
family as a whole and in its individual members.
The movement of the family is inevitable; it
occurs more rapidly in cases of family crises.
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