PHASE SHIFT KEYING DETECTION USING DIRECT TRANSFORM METHOD

Volume 03 Issue 10-2023

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(ISSN

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VOLUME

03

ISSUE

10

Pages:

212-220

SJIF

I

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FACTOR

(2021:

5.478

)

(2022:

5.636

)

(2023:

6.741

)

OCLC

–

1368736135

A

BSTRACT

The physical interface for transmitting telemetric information (TMI) in the BITS-2T structure is
represented by a physical interface for transmitting telemetric potential code (Manchester II code). The
ManchesterII code is a code with redundancy, a logical one is encoded by a negative edge of the signal in
the middle of a bit interval, zero by a positive edge. At the boundaries of a bit interval, the signal, if

necessary, changes its value, “preparing” to display the next bit in the middle of the next bit interval.

K

EYWORDS

BITS-2T, Manchester II, Code, ADC, IC S042P.

I

NTRODUCTION

The shape of the modulating voltage of the TMI
signal is shown in Fig. 1. When switching the
logical levels of the modulating voltage of the TMI
signal, in addition to changing the carrier
frequency, a short-term shift occurs phases of
carrier oscillations

–

phase shift keying Phase

shift keying serves to synchronize the TMI data
stream [1,2,3]. The duration of phase shift keying

is short and is about 0.2 times the period of
oscillation of the carrier frequency. At carrier
frequency

f

н

= 70

MHz this value will be

determined as:

t

ф.м.

=

1

f

н

∙0.2=

1

70∙10

6

Гц

∙0.2≈3 ns

Journal

Website:

http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr

Copyright:

Original

content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons

attributes

4.0 licence.

Research Article

PHASE SHIFT KEYING DETECTION USING DIRECT
TRANSFORM METHOD

Submission Date:

October 14, 2023,

Accepted Date:

October 19, 2023,

Published Date:

October 24, 2023

Crossref doi:

https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-10-35

S.Sh. Khusanova

Fergana Branch Of The Tashkent University Of Information Technologies Named After Muhammad Al-
Khorezmi, Fergana, Uzbekistan

Volume 03 Issue 10-2023

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–

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03

ISSUE

10

Pages:

212-220

SJIF

I

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FACTOR

(2021:

5.478

)

(2022:

5.636

)

(2023:

6.741

)

OCLC

–

1368736135

The short duration of phase shift keying makes
high-quality digitization of a TMI signal at a
frequency of 70 MHz using analog-to-digital
converters (ADCs) very difficult. When receiving
data in streaming mode, a processing delay of
several carrier cycles will inevitably lead to a
failure in stream synchronization, making further
software processing impossible. Therefore, to
lower the carrier frequency, devices are used that
detect the primary signal at its own carrier
frequency, followed by modulation at the

required frequency. This method has a number of
disadvantages [4,5,6,7]:

–

complexity of the implementation of a
broadband FPS detector;

–

there is no information about the initial phase
at the output signal;

–

lack of hot backup capability;

–

the need to restart the system to recover from
an error;

–

absence of a local oscillator frequency control
circuit.

Fig. 1. Logic levels in the Manchester-II coding system and carrier frequency, modulated by the

input bit sequence.

Fig. 2. Internal circuit of IC S042P

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)

(2022:

5.636

)

(2023:

6.741

)

OCLC

–

1368736135

From the point of view of the result of information
processing, this leads to an increase in the
likelihood of errors [8,9] and increased system
recovery time after a failure. The transition to low

frequency and secondary modulation of the signal
can be avoided by using a converter circuit with
direct connections in the mixer [10,11,12,13].

Fig. 3. Typical connection diagram

The absence of serial reactive elements on the
path of the useful signal allows FPS signals to be
processed without distortion. Mixers with direct
communications are implemented in some IC
models intended for radio receiving equipment.
Spacecraft TMI ground processing stations use
equipment similar to VertexRSI, which has an
output frequency of 70 MHz, according to
[14,15,16]. The S042P chip is suitable for the
required frequency range. Figure 2 shows the
internal circuit of S042P. From Fig. 2 it is clear
that the IC contains a push-pull self-oscillator
with automatic bias, an amplifier and a mixer. A
typical S042P connection diagram is shown in Fig.
3. Despite the simplicity of the strapping, in the
original In this case, this circuit is not suitable for
processing FPM signals, due to external reactive

elements in the mixer circuit and the input circuit,
which do not allow the transmission of phase shift
keying [17,18,19] (Fig. 3). If you exclude pass-
through capacitors from the IC circuit and use an
internal oscillator, you can achieve signal
transmission with short-term phase shift keying.
This makes it possible to process the telemetry
information signal from the spacecraft. The
diagram of this design is shown in Fig. 4. The
wiring of each S042P link is minimal and contains
only an input circuit, an output circuit connected
directly to the pins of the microcircuits, a
frequency shift circuit and capacitors necessary
for the operation of the local oscillator integrated
into the IC [20-24]. The input signal at a frequency
of 70 MHz is supplied to the coupling coil L1 -of
the parallel oscillatory LC circuit (hereinafter

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212-220

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)

(2022:

5.636

)

(2023:

6.741

)

OCLC

–

1368736135

referred to as the circuit, since it does not contain
serial ones) C2-L2. The connection between the
LNA output and the L1 coil is direct and therefore
does not lead to phase distortion of the input
signal. L2-C2 is the only circuit tuned to the
frequency of the input signal. After setting up the

converter, its parameters are not are being
adjusted. Coil L2 is connected directly to the input
of the microcircuit (pins 1 and 11) [25-31]. C6 and
L3 represent a frequency shift circuit and are
tuned to frequency;

f

Г1

= f

В

+ f

П1

where: f_(Г1 )–

frequency of the first local oscillator, f_В–

input frequency (70 MHz), f_П1–

first

intermediate frequency (32 MHz). Thus, the first local oscillator is tuned to the frequency:

f

Г1

= 102 МГц

At the output of the first link of the converter
(pins 2 and 3) a parallel circuit L4-C10 is also
installed, and coil L4 is tapped from the middle,
this is necessary to supply power to the
microcircuit. Except In addition , this solution
increases the load capacity the output of the
microcircuit is 1.5 times due to the fact that the
oscillations at pins 2 and 3 are antiphase ( push-
pull operating mode of the integrated circuit
control unit ). At pins 2 and 3, an FMS signal is
generated that exactly copies the input one, but
with a frequency of 32 MHz (the first
intermediate

frequency).

Through

the

communication coil L5 (for circuit L4-C10) the
signal at the first intermediate frequency it is
supplied to the input of the second converter link,
designed similarly to the first. Circuit L6-C14 is
tuned to 38.5 MHz. IN As a result, a signal with a
carrier frequency of 6.5 MHz is generated at the
output of the mixer. This signal also exactly copies
the input one [32-35]. Coupling coil L8 of circuit

L7-C17 is common for supplying a signal to the
output connector of the converter and to the
input of the UFC3-2 assembly (pin 3). The
reference voltage of the APCG system is formed at
pin 5 of the UPCH3-2 assembly. This voltage is
supplied through resistors R6, R4, R3 to the anode
of the varicap VD2. Cathode VD2 is connected
through decoupling capacitors C4 and C9 to the
frequency shift circuit of the first local oscillator.
resistor R9 is a voltage divider, which, through
R7, allows you to change the constant voltage
level at the varicap terminals within small limits

and thereby set the “zero” of the APCG system.

This level is also adjusted once and remains
constant throughout the entire operation of the
converter. Data for winding units are given in
Table 1. The converters are powered through
resistors R5 and R10 from a common source with
a constant voltage of 10.2 V. C11 and C18 are
blocking capacitors. UPC3-2 is powered directly
from the same source (pin 4 assembly).

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SJIF

I

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FACTOR

(2021:

5.478

)

(2022:

5.636

)

(2023:

6.741

)

OCLC

–

1368736135

Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of the converter power supply

The power supply diagram is shown in Fig. 4. Two
stabilized power supplies necessary for the
converter to operate are implemented on the IC
K142EN12A. Stabilization voltages 10.2 V and 21
V can be adjusted by rotating the potentiometer
sliders, achieving optimal operating mode of the
S042P IC and local oscillator frequency
adjustment circuits. The operating characteristics
of the implemented converter are given in Table

2. The type of TMI signal, modulated by the input
bit sequence, taken from the converter output to
frequency 6.5 MHz is shown in Fig. 6. Thus, the
converter lowers the carrier frequency from 70
MHz to 6.5 MHz while maintaining the signal
structure.

Minimum

duration

of

phase

manipulation at TMI transmission in the
structure of BITS-2T is:

t

ф.м.

=

1

f

н

∙0.2=

1

6,5∙10

6

Гц

∙0.2≈3 1 ns

Table 1. Winding unit data

Designation

L1

L2

L4

L5

L7

L8

L6

L3

Wire diameter

0,3

мм

0,3

мм

0,5

мм

0,5

мм

0,3

мм

0,5

мм

0,3 мм

0,3 мм

Number of turns

2

7

12

4

20

4

13

5

Core material

without core

ferrite

Mandrel diameter

6mm

5 mm

7 mm

6 mm

4 mm

Frequency

70MHz

32 MHz

6,5 MHz

38,5

MHz

102

MHz

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6.741

)

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–

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Parameter

Meaning

input frequency

70 MHz

output frequency

6.5 MHz

wave impedance on the input side

75 0m

output impedance

50 0m

type of modulation

CFM

strip width not less

29 MHz

self-noise level is no worse

-40 dB

sensitivity is no worse

0.125 V

output signal amplitude not less than

0.5 V

The obtained value of the duration of phase shift
keying allows you to process the TMI signal using
ADC of the data acquisition board (for example,
high-speed data acquisition board BIn25-1201)
in automatic mode. In this case, the difference in
the initial phases of the signals at the input and
output of the converter is constant. The converter
circuit contains an APCG chain, which increases
the signal-to-noise ratio of the receiving system

as a whole and reduces the requirements for
stability of the frequency of the original signal.
The UFC3-2 assembly has a low-frequency
output, which allows the use of automatic transfer
switching devices (ATR ) in redundant circuits.
Thus, the use of a converter built according to the
stated design, it makes it possible to increase the
reliability of the TMI reception system and reduce
the likelihood of errors.

Fig. 5. Signal, modulated by the input bit sequence at the output of the converter.

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