Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
365
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
Pages:
365-369
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
The poets of the Yassavi school have a special place in the history of Uzbek literature, manuscript sources
testify to this. Sulayman Bakirgani is the most powerful poet of this school. Alisher Navoi mentions Ahmed
Yassavi in "Nasaimul-Muhabbat" and mentions him as "Shaykh ul-Mashayikh", "Qiblai prayer of the people
of Turkestan". While giving information about his follower Sulayman Bakirgani, he cites an excerpt from
his poem, stressing that "Hakim was the language of wisdom" and that his wisdom was popular among
Turks.
K
EYWORDS
Sulayman Bakirgani, Yassavi school, Uzbek literature, manuscript sources.
I
NTRODUCTION
Suleiman Bakyrgani was known as Hakim Ota. He
was born in Bakirgan village of Khorezm, the year
of his birth is unknown, he died in 1186.
Sulayman Bakirgani wrote wisdom, ghazals, and
poetic stories.
The content of Kul Sulaiman's poems is composed
of interpreting the attributes of divine love, sects
and Sufism:
If I beg to the Creator,
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
SULAYMON BAQIRGANIY
–
POWERFUL POET OF YASSAVI
SCHOOL
Submission Date:
November 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
November 25, 2023,
Published Date:
November 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-11-59
Maryam Eshmukhamedova
Associate Professor, Candidate Of Philological Sciences, Oriental University Department Of Oriental
Languages, Uzbekistan
Govkhar Rakhmatova
Phd, Associate Professor, Oriental University Department Of Oriental Languages, Uzbekistan
Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
366
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
Pages:
365-369
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
I will enter the path of truth with truth.
(Яратганга ёлборибон розим этсам,
Ҳақ
йўлиға ростлиғ била киргум келур.)
Some aspects of the life and activities of prophets,
prophets, and famous sheikhs are reflected in his
wisdom. The poems of the poet in the tariff of his
teacher
Ahmed
Yassavi
are
especially
noteworthy:
Shaykh Ahmed Yassavi blesses me.
Lion, my grandfather, Sheikh Ahmed Yassavi
(Субҳон Изимни вирди шайхим Аҳмад
Яссавий,
Арслон бобом еткурди шайхим Аҳмад
Яссавий.)
According to Kul Sulaiman, a person should not be
disappointed in the world, he should be able to
free himself from its mire, and only then can he
achieve his true goal. Life is a blessing, every
moment is a treasure, and being able to see the
Hereafter is happiness:
Loving the world is the beginning of mistakes,
Didn't Mustafa warn us?
(Дунё севмак хатоларнинг боши тею,
Ул Мустафо бизни огоҳ қилмадиму?)
Or:
Pretending to be a young man
Did my tongue not speak when the flowers
bloomed?
(Турмагил йигитман деб фасод қилиб,
Телим чечак очилур вақтда сўлмадиму?)
In the works of the poet, not only the
interpretation of sharia but also the changes
occurring in nature, the rate of the year, the
seasons, and the situations related to human
nature at the same time are expressed:
Nowruz days are here, if you give thanks,
Subhong'a,
From the ground, the blue youth sings a psalm to
the Blessed One.
(Келди наврўз кунлари шукр қилсанг
Субҳонға,
Ердан кўк ёш унибон сано айтур Субҳонға)
A vegetable that has just emerged from the
ground and has only a few days of life, praises the
Creator, why should the highest creature in the
world - man - be deprived of this? A person should
set an example as well.
My mind, my consciousness, my life - finding a
sentence,
God I'm sorry, I'm sorry.
(Айшим, ҳушим, маишатим –
жумла топиб,
Бўлғаймуман, ёраб, сани тиласам ман.)
Or:
Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
367
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
Pages:
365-369
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
You have lost your way, and your lost slave has
come,
God, please do me a favor.
(Йўл адашиб озған, ёзған қулунг келди,
Ё раб, эмди бир марҳамат бўлғайму ҳеч.)
The poet compares this world to an "ko'hna
rabot". A person should not forget why and for
how long he came to this "ko'hna rabot". Only
then will he not forget his duty and the
responsibility of diversity:
Hey friends, this world is old,
In particular, this world is a burning.
(Аё дўстлар, бу дунёдур кўҳна работ,
Жумла жонлиқ бу дунёдин кўчар эрмиш)
So, the works of Sulayman Bakirgani encourage
people to be good, to avoid impure ways and to
have great qualities. It leads to perfection.
The language of Kul Sulayman's works is older
than the language of Yassavi's wisdom that has
reached us today; there are many elements of the
ancient Turkic language: ogush, kamug, yazuq,
usanmoq, tabo, boryo, ogonim, etc.
Kul Khoja Ahmed, don't say your words to fools.
Don't sell words to an ignorant person for a
pittance.
(Қул Хожа Аҳмад,сўзунгни нодонларга
айтмагил,
Сўзни айтиб нодонга пучак пулга сотмагил
.)
Or:
If you see a rock, please be a broken-hearted
person,
Sympathize with the oppressor when he is on the
road.:
(Қаёда кўрсанг кўнгли синуқ марҳам бўлғин,
Андоғ мазлум йўлда қолса ҳамдам бўлғил.)
The manuscripts containing the poet's works are
kept in the funds of the Institute of Oriental
Studies named after Abu Rayhan Beruniy of
Academy of Sciences of the Republic of
Uzbekistan. Among them, some manuscripts were
compiled from the works of Qul Sulayman and
were recorded as a separate divan. We store them
in the main fund of this institute under item
numbers 12056, 7153, 8405, 7091, 7193, 7153,
9074, 11440, 8811, 7698, and 5354. But when we
carefully studied these manuscripts, we
witnessed a different picture. In one of these
manuscripts, for example, the manuscript stored
with the material number 8405, in addition to
more than 100 wisdom of Qul Sulayman, there are
examples of the works of other poets of the
Yassavi school, such as Shamsiddin Ozgandi, Qul
Sharif, as well as anonymous poems and poetic
stories. In the manuscript numbered 5354, there
is not a single work related to Qul Sulayman, but
the works of Shamsiddin Ozgandi are included.
12056 physical digital manuscript is another
work. Also, it was found out that the five wisdoms
of Kul Sulayman were copied from the manuscript
Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
368
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
Pages:
365-369
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
stored in the Hamid Sulaymanov fund of this
institute with the item number 2610, mixed with
the poetic stories of Khayoli and Saykali.
It should be noted that none of the manuscripts
containing the works of Qul Sulayman consist of
works belonging only to this poet himself. Along
with the works of Qul Sulayman, these
manuscripts contain, of course, several works by
Ahmed Yassavi and the poets of his school. Even
in the manuscript with item number 7698
recorded as Sulayman Bakirghani's divan and
stored in the main fund of the institute, Yassavi's
works (72b-130a) were placed after the poet's
works (1b-72a). In other words, Qul Sulayman
and Yassavi's divans came under one cover. There
are several such manuscripts. Among them,
manuscripts stored in the main collection of the
institute with item numbers 12030, 7031, and
other similar copies can be included.
Kul Sulayman's works are often found in various
collections and collections.
In these manuscripts, the works of Kul Sulayman
are found in different sizes: some have a hundred,
some have fifty, and some have five or even one.
In them, the poet used different pseudonyms: Qul
Sulayman, Davud son Sulaiman, Hakim Sulaiman,
Sulaiman Asi, Qul Hakim, Hakim Sulaiman, Hakim
Khoja Sulaiman and Hakim Khoja.
If we look at the history of copying these
manuscripts, most of them belong to the 19th
century, and some of them belong to the 18th
century. The history of their migration is
indicated only in some of them, not in most of
them. We dated them based on their appearance
and paleographic features.
The state of preservation of these manuscripts
also varies: some are well preserved, for example,
manuscripts numbered 7998, 8405, and 5716.
Some have been attempted or liquid damaged and
the writing has been rubbed and the pages
stained, for example, manuscripts with physical
numbers 6450, 12758, 11367, 1564. Among
them, there are also those left in the fire, for
example, 259 digitized manuscripts. Among these
manuscripts, there are also copies whose text
comes with a ring-yuluk or lions replacing it. For
example, 1733,11111 physical digital copies. In
addition to these, there are also manuscripts
without a beginning and end.
Among the manuscripts containing the works of
Sulayman Bakirgani, we have not found any
copies that are important for the art of book
reading. Among the manuscripts we have studied,
there are no decorated copies. But there is a copy
of the text with red ink and gold water on the
table, which is stored under item number 5716.
The aspects that attract attention in the process of
studying these manuscripts are as follows:
1. One hikmat appeared in several manuscripts
under the pseudonym of Qul Sulaiman, but in
another manuscript, it appeared under the
pseudonym of Ahmed Yassavi. For example, 378,
1090 physical digital manuscripts.
2. A poetic story within the same theme belongs
to several authors. For example, "Bibi Fatima's
story", "Ibrahim's story", "Merojnoma" and
Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
369
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
Pages:
365-369
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.478
)
(2022:
5.636
)
(2023:
6.741
)
OCLC
–
1368736135
others are also in Qul Sulayman, Khalis,
Shamsiddin Ozgandi, and other poets. Are these,
as noted above, the same work appearing in
several manuscripts under several poet's
pseudonyms, or are they different versions of the
same work? The results of the next source studies
and textual studies will clarify this issue.
3. Although most of the manuscripts containing
the works of Kul Sulayman belong to the 19th
century, as noted above, their language is ancient.
So we copied them from ancient copies. It is
necessary to find such manuscripts and include
them in research.
In conclusion, the tasks facing Bakirganiology
today are:
1. Making a catalog of the works of Kul Sulayman.
2. Solving the question of belonging in proverbs
and poetic stories attributed to the poet.
3. Compilation of scientific texts of the works of
Suleiman Bakyrgani.
Only after the completion of these tasks, it will be
possible to study the poet's creative heritage from
all sides. The work of this great Sufism poet,
whom Navoi called "Hakim Ota" for no reason, is
worth such serious research.
R
EFERENCES
1.
Алишер Навоий. Мукаммал асарлар
тўплами. 15 томлик, 15
-
том Т.,1968,
154-
б.
2.
Ҳикматлар
куллиёти. Ахмад Яссавий,
Сулаймон Боқирғоний (нашрга
тайёрловчи А.Бозоров, Т, Кораев)
Т.,2011.
3.
Аҳмад Яссавий, Сулаймон Боқирғоний .
Ҳикматлар
(нашрга
тайёрловчи
Э.Очилов) Т., 2013.
4.
Эшмуҳаммедова М. Аҳмад Яссавий
асарлари ўрин олган кўлёзмалар
каталоги. Т., 2010.
5.
Эшмуҳаммедова М. Аҳмад Яссавий
ахлоқий
-
фалсафий мероси халқимиз
маьнавий такомили хизматида ∕∕ Шарқ
машьали 2014, 2
-
сон.
