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(ISSN
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VOLUME
04
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17-25
OCLC
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1368736135
A
BSTRACT
This article presents the results of a comprehensive thermal analysis of cellulose-containing fabrics treated
with stable suspensions derived from both unmodified and surface-modified Aerosil-380 nanoparticles.
The study aimed to investigate the influence of nanoparticle treatment on the thermal behaviour and fire-
resistant properties of the fabrics. The thermal tests, including techniques such as thermogravimetric
analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), revealed that the application of Aerosil-380,
particularly the modified versions, significantly enhanced the thermal stability and fire-technical
characteristics of the treated textiles. These improvements were particularly notable in increased
resistance to ignition and reduced combustion rates, indicating that the modified nanoparticles
contributed to superior fire-retardant properties. The findings suggest that integrating modified Aerosil-
380 nanoparticles into cellulose-based fabrics could provide a promising approach for developing
advanced materials with enhanced safety features for fire-prone environments.
K
EYWORDS
Journal
Website:
http://sciencebring.co
m/index.php/ijasr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Research Article
INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF AEROSIL-380
SUSPENSIONS ON CELLULOSE FABRICS VIA THERMAL
METHODS
Submission Date:
Sep 19,
2024,
Accepted Date:
Aug 24, 2024,
Published Date:
Sep 29, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-04-09-03
S.M. Khallieva
Researcher, Academy Of The Ministry Of Emergency Situations Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan
R.N. Norova
Research Institute Of Fire Safety And Emergency Situations Of The Ministry Of Emergency Situations Of The
Republic Of Uzbekistan
Kh.M. Dusmatov
PhD, Associate Professor, Academy Of The Ministry Of Emergency Situations Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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VOLUME
04
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OCLC
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Nanoparticles, nanosuspension, Aerosil-380, modification, cellulose-containing fabrics, thermal analysis,
flammability, level of smoke generation.
I
NTRODUCTION
The use of cellulose-containing fabrics has a long
history, spanning various industries such as
textiles, packaging, and construction. However,
their inherent flammability remains a significant
limitation, especially in applications requiring
enhanced fire resistance. In recent years, the
development of nanotechnology has opened up
new avenues for improving the fire-technical
properties of such materials. Among the
numerous
nanomaterials,
silica-based
nanoparticles, including Aerosil-380, have
attracted considerable attention due to their
unique properties, such as high thermal stability
and large surface area, which can significantly
influence the performance of treated fabrics in
fire-prone environments.
Aerosil-380, a type of fumed silica, has been
widely used in the modification of materials to
enhance their mechanical, thermal, and surface
properties. When incorporated into cellulose-
based fabrics, Aerosil-380 nanoparticles create a
protective barrier that slows down thermal
degradation and combustion. Additionally,
modified versions of these nanoparticles offer
even greater potential for enhancing fire
resistance due to their ability to better interact
with the fabric fibers at a molecular level, forming
more robust protective coatings [1].
Despite these advantages, research on the
thermal behavior of cellulose-containing fabrics
treated with both unmodified and modified
Aerosil-380 nanoparticles remains relatively
limited [2]. This study aims to fill this gap by
evaluating the thermal properties of such fabrics
using established thermal analysis techniques,
including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The
results of this study provide valuable insights into
how nanoparticle modification can influence the
thermal stability and fire resistance of cellulose-
containing materials, paving the way for their use
in safety-critical applications.
2. Materials
The primary material used in this study was
cellulose-containing fabric, which is commonly
employed in the textile industry due to its
biodegradability and widespread availability. The
fabric samples were obtained from a
standardized supplier to ensure uniformity in the
base material properties.
The nanoparticles used for treatment were
Aerosil-380, a fumed silica nanopowder. Two
types of Aerosil-380 were utilized:
1.
Unmodified Aerosil-380 nanoparticles,
which served as the control in this study.
2.
Modified Aerosil-380 nanoparticles, which
were surface-functionalized to enhance their
interaction with cellulose fibers and improve the
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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VOLUME
04
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OCLC
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1368736135
fire-technical properties of the treated fabrics.
The
modification
process
involved
functionalizing the nanoparticle surface with
specific organic groups to increase adhesion and
thermal stability.
2.1. Preparation of Suspensions
Stable suspensions of both unmodified and
modified Aerosil-380 nanoparticles were
prepared. The nanoparticles were dispersed in
deionized water under vigorous stirring to form
stable colloidal suspensions. A sonication process
was employed to ensure homogeneous
dispersion of nanoparticles, which helps prevent
agglomeration and maximizes the surface area
interaction with the fabric.
2.2. Fabric Treatment
The cellulose-containing fabric samples were
immersed in the prepared Aerosil-380
nanoparticle suspensions. The treatment was
conducted using a dip-coating method, where the
fabrics were submerged in the suspension for a
predetermined period to allow sufficient
nanoparticle adsorption. The samples were then
removed
and dried at 80 ℃ for several hours to
remove excess moisture and ensure adhesion of
the nanoparticles to the fabric surface.
The treated fabric samples were categorized as
follows:
Sample A: Treated with unmodified
Aerosil-380 nanoparticles.
Sample B: Treated with modified Aerosil-
380 nanoparticles.
Control sample: Untreated fabric, used for
baseline comparisons.
2.3. Thermal Analysis
The thermal properties of the untreated and
treated fabric samples were evaluated using the
following methods:
1.
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA): TGA
was performed to assess the thermal degradation
behavior of the samples. Approximately 10 mg of
each fabric sample was heated at a rate of
10°C/min in a nitrogen atmosphere from room
temperature to 800°C. The weight loss as a
function of temperature was recorded to
determine the thermal stability and onset of
degradation.
2.
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC):
DSC was conducted to measure the heat flow
associated with the physical and chemical
changes in the fabric samples. Small fabric
specimens (approximately 5 mg) were subjected
to heating and cooling cycles at a rate of 10℃/min
under an inert nitrogen atmosphere. The data
obtained from DSC provided insights into phase
transitions and heat-resistant behaviour.
3.
Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) Test: The
fire-retardant properties of the treated fabrics
were evaluated using the LOI test, which
measures the minimum concentration of oxygen
required to sustain combustion. Higher LOI
values indicate better fire resistance. The treated
and untreated fabrics were tested following
ASTM D2863-19 standards, and the results were
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
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VOLUME
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compared to assess the impact of nanoparticle
treatments on flammability.
2.4. Statistical Analysis
All experiments were performed in triplicate to
ensure data reliability. The results were
statistically analysed using analysis of variance
(ANOVA) to determine the significance of the
differences in thermal properties between
untreated, unmodified, and modified Aerosil-380
treated fabric samples. A p-value of <0.05 was
considered statistically significant.
Analysis and statistics of fires show that the
flammability of various materials and the high
speed of fire spread lead to less time to evacuate
people during fires and, as a result, people die.
Therefore, by increasing the fire resistance of
substances and materials, including textile
materials, the evacuation of people in case of fire
and, as a result, increasing the time of rescue, as
well as the elimination of fire at the initial stage of
development, are urgent issues [4,5,6].
It is of great scientific and practical importance to
reduce the flammability of textile materials by
modifying the fiber composition and structure of
textile
materials
with
flame
retardant,
environmentally friendly (mainly inorganic
compounds resistant to high temperatures)
components at the stages of certain technological
processes of textile production [7,8] .
In the research work, the thermal effects on
cellulose-containing fabrics obtained as a result
of treatment under the influence of ultrasound in
various conditions (from 100 to 400 W) with
modified suspensions of silicon IV oxide
nanoparticles (aerosil-380) obtained at the initial
stage of scientific research [9-10] the changes
that occur in them as a result and the changes in
their flammability properties as a result of this
were studied.
It is known that thermal analysis methods are
widely used in the research of fire safety
properties of substances and materials in recent
years [11]. At this stage of the research work, as
mentioned above, various samples of modified
cellulose-containing fabrics [9, 10] were tested
using
differential-thermal
analysis
and
differential-scanner
calorimetry
thermal
methods.
3. Results and discussion
As a result of the tests, the following results were
obtained:
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Fig. 1. TG, DTG and DSK curves of a fabric sample treated with a mixture of Aerosil-380 and
magnesium hydroorthophosphate (0.1:0.1 ratio).
Fig. 2. TG, DTG and DSK curves of a fabric sample treated with a mixture of Aerosil-380 and
magnesium hydroorthophosphate (ratio 1:0.1).
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Fig. 3. TG, DTG, and DSK curves treated with a 0.1:0.1 mixture of Aerosil-380 and polypropylene
glycol.
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Fig. 4. TG, DTG, and DSK curves treated with a 1.0:0.1 mixture of Aerosil-380 and polypropylene
glycol.
From the results obtained during the research, it became known that the samples of cellulose-containing
fabrics treated with stable suspensions obtained on the basis of unmodified and modified (magnesium
hydroorthophosphate, sodium acetate, sodium tetraborate, polypropylene glycols) particles of silicon IV
oxide nanoparticles (aerosil-380) and prepared for testing were thermally from the results of the tests, we
can see that these modification processes have a positive effect on the fire-technical properties of the
fabrics (Tables 1 and 2).
Table 1. A fabric treated with a mixture of Aerosil-380 and magnesium hydroorthophosphate
No
Fabric treated content
Temperature,
℃
Rate of change of
sample mass, %
1.
Aerosil-380 and magnesium
hydroorthophosphate
(0.1:0.1 ratio)
196.8
0
306.0
0.152
362.1
0.030
419.0
0.065
491.0
0
2.
Aerosil-380 and magnesium
hydroorthophosphate
(1:0.1 ratio)
139.8
0
319.5
0.21
375.3
0.03
426.4
0.06
494.8
0
Table 2. A fabric treated with a mixture of Aerosil-380 and polypropylene glycol
No
Fabric treated content
Temperature,
℃
Rate of change of
sample mass, %
1.
Aerosil-380 and polypropylene
glycol
(0.1:0.1 ratio)
246.7
0
312.6
0.21
378.8
0.03
421.8
0.07
478.5
0
2.
Aerosil-380 and polypropylene 159.0
0
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glycol
(1:0.1 ratio)
307.6
0.20
369.3
0.04
404.9
0.16
468.6
0
Based on the results of the tests (Tables 1 and 2),
the rate of mass loss due to thermal effects in
treated samples of cellulose-containing fabrics
was 0.19% on average at 311.42 ℃, while the rate
of mass loss of untreated fabric samples was at
100 0S in some samples. It was 0.20%.
Also, in the tests, it was observed that the burning
process continued in the samples of modified
fabrics during exposure to open flame, and the
burning process also stopped when the exposure
to the source of fire was stopped. In the samples
of unmodified fabrics, it was observed that
ignition and burning processes continued even
after the exposure to the open flame source was
stopped. We can see that the level of smoke
production (according to GOST 12.1.044-89) of
these samples is also reduced.
C
ONCLUSIONS
From the results of the conducted studies, it was
known that the treated tissues increased their
resistance to thermal effects and the effects of
open fire. From this it can be concluded that as a
result of the conducted research, as a result of the
treatment of cellulose-containing tissues in a new
way, i.e. with the help of ultrasound, an increase
in fire resistance was achieved due to the
penetration of nanoparticles to the microscopic
components of these tissues.
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