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(ISSN
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OCLC
–
1368736135
A
BSTRACT
The article presents the development of an improved device aimed at increasing the efficiency of the
process of separating and cleaning bean seeds from pods, as well as the optimization of its main structural
dimensions and operating modes. The results of experimental studies showed that in the proposed device,
complete separation of bean seeds from the pods, minimal seed damage, low seed loss, and high seed purity
can be achieved when the shaft rotation speed is 450 min⁻¹, the number of beaters is 22, the length of the
beaters is 230 mm, and the fan rotation speed is 2000 min⁻¹
.
K
EYWORDS
Bean, pod, seed, beater, device, shaft, fan, hopper, cylinder.
I
NTRODUCTION
It is well known that the development of
technologies and technical means that ensure the
high-quality execution of the processes of
separating agricultural crop seeds from ears and
pods and their initial cleaning, as well as increasing
their efficiency, is considered one of the important
tasks of scientific research. In this direction, for the
proper organization of crop production in farms
and reduction of costs, it is important to develop
structurally simple devices that can separate seeds
Journal
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Copyright:
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Research Article
Development of An Improved Device for Separating Bean
Seeds from Pods and Optimization of Its Main Structural
Dimensions and Operating Modes
Submission Date:
May 27,
2025,
Accepted Date:
June 23, 2025,
Published Date:
July 25, 2025
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-05-07-02
Pardayev Obid Raximboboevich
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Technical Sciences at Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute, Uzbekistan
Irisboyev Farxod Boymirzayevich
Senior Lecturer at Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute, Uzbekistan
Volume 05 Issue 07-2025
13
International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
–
2750-1396)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
07
Pages:
12-20
OCLC
–
1368736135
from pods in accordance with agrotechnical
requirements, while improving energy and
resource efficiency
—
one of the key tasks in
agricultural machinery engineering.
Creating improved, energy- and resource-efficient
devices to perform the above-mentioned
operations on farms is one of the urgent issues of
today.
To address this issue, in the course of previous
scientific research, a schematic of a newly designed
small-scale device for separating and initially
cleaning bean seeds from pods was developed
(Figure 1)[1
–
15].
a)
b)
a) side view; b) top view
1 – loading hopper; 2 – cylinder; 3 – beaters; 4 – frame; 5 – support; 6 – wheel;
Volume 05 Issue 07-2025
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
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VOLUME
05
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Pages:
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OCLC
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7 – hopper for seeds; 8 – air flow; 9 – fan; 10 – pulleys; 11 – base; 12 – electric motor; 13 –
discharge outlet; 14 – shaft
Figure 1. Structural and technological diagram of the improved device aimed at
increasing the efficiency of the initial cleaning process of separating bean seeds from pods.
Figure 1 illustrates the structural and technological
diagram of the device, and its working principle is
as follows: when connected to the power supply,
the electric motor (12), via pulleys (10), drives the
shaft (14) with attached beaters (3) into rotational
motion through belt transmissions. At this time, the
bean stalks with pods are loaded. When the podded
bean stalks fall from the loading hopper (1) into the
cylinder (2), the rotating beaters (3) strike them,
and due to the impact force, the seeds are
separated from the pods. Since the beaters (3) are
helically fixed to the shaft (14), they also move the
stalks forward in the direction of rotation. The
seeds that are not separated on the first strike get
hit again by other beaters (3) along the movement
path, which ensures complete separation.
The separated seeds fall through the sieve-like
bottom and enter the airflow path generated by the
fan (9) via channels that transfer the seed mixture
to the sieve. Depending on their physical and
mechanical properties, the seeds and various
impurities, including weed seeds, are carried by the
fan-generated airflow and are directed to the
appropriate fraction section of the receiving
hopper (7).
Based on the structural diagram shown in Figure 1,
the operating modes and main parameters of the
device were theoretically determined. As a result, a
prototype of a newly designed small-scale device
for separating and cleaning bean seeds from pods
was developed (see Figure 2).
Figure 2. General view of the prototype of the improved device for separating and
Volume 05 Issue 07-2025
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International Journal of Advance Scientific Research
(ISSN
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2750-1396)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
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Pages:
12-20
OCLC
–
1368736135
cleaning bean seeds from pods.
In order to determine the interrelations among the
factors influencing the technological working
process of the improved device designed to
enhance the efficiency of separating and cleaning
bean seeds from pods, as shown in Figure 2, as well
as to identify their optimal values, multifactorial
experimental studies were conducted.
Based on previous scientific research, literature
review, results of theoretical and practical studies,
and preliminary experiments, it was determined
that the rotational speed of the shaft, the number of
beaters, and the length of the beaters most
significantly affect the technological process of
separating bean seeds from pods. Additionally, the
rotational speed of the fan has the greatest impact
on the initial cleaning process.
Therefore, in order to optimize the main structural
dimensions and operating modes of the improved
device aimed at increasing the efficiency of the seed
separation and cleaning process, multifactorial
experiments were carried out using the B3
experimental design.
As evaluation criteria for the multifactorial
experiments, the completeness of seed separation
from pods and the degree of seed damage were
considered for the separation process, while seed
cleanliness and seed loss were used for the initial
cleaning process.
Based on preliminary trials and the results of
theoretical and practical studies, the variation
limits and ranges of the influencing factors were
determined.
Table 1 presents the main factors, their variation
limits, and intervals.
Table 1
Main factors, their variation limits, and intervals
For the technological process of separating bean seeds from
pods
№
Name of factors
Notation
Variation limits
Vari
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Actua
l
Varia
tion I
nterva
l
–
1 0
+1
atio
n
Inte
rval
1
Shaft rotation speed,
r/min
N
X
1
40
0
45
0
50
0
50
2 Number of beaters, pcs
Z
k
X
2
20 22
24
2
3 Length of beaters, mm
l
X
3
21
0
22
0
23
0
10
For the technological process of separating bean seeds from
pods
1 Fan rotation speed,
min
⁻
¹
n
ayl
Y
1
18
00
20
00
22
00
200
The relationship between the factors influencing
the technological processes and the resulting
outcomes is expressed in the form of the following
regression equation [15].
2
1
0
i
k
y
i
k
i
iс
ij
ij
i
k
i
i
x
b
x
b
x
b
b
y
=
+
+
+
=
, (1)
there
y
–
the optimized criterion of the studied process;
b
o
, b
ij
, b
ii
–
constant regression coefficients;
x
i
, x
ij
–
variable factors.
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The factors facilitating the calculations were coded using the following expression.
oi
i
i
X
X
X
−
=
, (2)
there
X
i
–
coded (normalized) value of the factors;
X
i
–
actual (real) value of the factors;
X
oi
–
actual value of the factors at the zero level;
ε
−
actual value of the variation interval of the factors.
In the process of determining the significance of t
he regression coefficients, the Student’s t
-test was used
at the 0.05 significance level.
The adequacy of the process model was tested using the Fisher criterion.
If
)
05
,
0
(
max
жад
F
F
, (3)
then the model of the technological process is considered adequate.
Three observations were taken for each
experiment. To determine the sequence of
conducting the experimental studies, a random
number table was used. Regression equations were
obtained for the completeness of separating bean
seeds from pods, the degree of seed damage, seed
cleanliness, and seed loss during the initial cleaning
process. Based on these equations, the optimal
values of the main factors influencing the
technological process were determined.
The results obtained from the multifactorial
experimental studies on the separation and initial
cleaning of bean seeds from pods were calculated
and processed using a specialized software
program available on the computer. Through this
software, the following regression equations were
derived,
which
adequately
describe
the
completeness of seed separation from pods and the
degree of seed damage during the separation
process, as well as the seed cleanliness and seed
loss during the initial cleaning process:
- For the completeness of separating seeds from
pods
Y
1
= 94,758+ 2,565 X
1
+ 4,441X
2
- 9,445X
3
-1,254X
12
-
- 8,444X
1
X
2
+1,533X
1
X
3
-9,311X
22
+ 3,315X
32
, %; (4)
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- For the degree of seed damage
Y
2
= 1,43 + 0,156X
1
-0,474X
2
- 0,869X
3
+0,155X
12
+
+0,344X
1
X
3
+ 0,657X
22
+0,124 X
2
X
3
- 1,258X
32
, % (5)
- For seed cleanliness, (%)
U
toza
= 98,136 + 0,354X
1
+ 0,355X
2
+ 0,366X
3
+ 0,254X
1
Х
2
–
–
0,214
Х
22
+ 0,388 X
2
X
3
;
(6)
- For seed loss, (%)
U
nob
= 0,013 + 0,003X
1
+ 0,002X
2
+ 0,003X
3
+ 0,002X
12
+
+ 0,001
Х
1
Х
2
+0,012X
1
X
3
+ 0,014
Х
22
+0,002X
2
X
3
- 0,008
Х
32
. (7)
Equations (5) and (6) were solved under the
conditions of targeting a maximum seed separation
completeness of Y
₁
≥
98% and a seed damage level
of Y
₂
< 2%, while equations (7) and (8) (not shown
in the image) were solved aiming for a minimum
seed loss of 0.05% and a maximum seed cleanliness
of 98.0%. Based on these optimization conditions,
the optimal values of the main factors influencing
the technological processes were determined.
Tables 2 and 3 present the results of determining
the optimal values of the main factors.
Table 2
Optimal values of the main factors
Indicator Name
Factors and their values
n
, 1/min
Z
k
,
l
, mm
Coded
+0,121
0
+1
Actual
453,6
22
230
Rounded
450
22
230
Table 3
Optimal values of the main factors
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VOLUME
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Indicator Name
Factors and their
values
n
ayl
min
-1
Coded
0
Actual
2000
Rounded
2000
Based on the results presented in Tables 2 and 3, it
can be observed that in the proposed device, high
completeness of bean seed separation from pods,
low seed damage, minimal seed loss, and high seed
cleanliness can be achieved when the shaft rotation
speed is 450 min⁻¹, the number of beaters is 22, the
length of the beaters is 230 mm, and the fan
rotation speed is 2000 min⁻¹.
C
ONCLUSION
1.
High completeness of bean seed separation
from pods, low seed damage, high seed cleanliness,
and minimal seed loss can be achieved through the
correct selection of the shaft rotation speed, length
and number of beaters, and fan rotation speed.
2.
In the proposed device, high seed
separation efficiency, low damage rate, high
cleanliness, and minimal seed loss can be ensured
when blade-shaped beaters are used with the
following parameters: shaft rotation speed of 450
min⁻¹, 22 beaters mounted on the shaft, beater
length of 230 mm, and fan rotation speed of 2000
min⁻¹.
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VOLUME
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ISSUE
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Pages:
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