Engineering

The aim of the research work is improvement of rational use and effective management of water resources in the delta of the Amu Darya river.
The scientific novelty of the study arc as follows:
the Amu Darya River delta watering regime methods through Takhitash hydroemplex on the basis of the Amu Darya River water availability, were developed;
the water resources management hydrological model on the basis of the methods of efficient management water resource in Amu Darya River delta and hydraulic factors deltas complex was improved;
the water supply to the water bodies of the Amu Darya delta sequence was developed on the basis of their importance for the population of the national economy;
the priority of reservoirs of the Amu Darya delta was estimated on the basis of available volume and quality of water resources.

The aim of the research is development of technologies for obtaining new chain stitches with improved characteristics and improving the working organs and mechanisms of sewing machines.
Scientific novelty of the research:
it is developed the technology of obtaining single-strand and doublestranded chain stitches with improved characteristics;
it is developed effective and resource-saving designs mechanisms of technological schemes for the movement of materials, piercing the needle with materials and feeding the lower thread;
it is developed methods for determining the tension, flow rate of the upper and lower threads of the recommended chain stitches;
it is developed an analytical method for determining the compression value of an clastic energy storage device is used to transport materials; it is constructed the dependence of the change in the tension of the lower thread on the change in the tension of the driven branch, the coefficient of friction between the filaments and the angle of inclination of the branches of the lower thread;
it is developed regularities of changes in the angular oscillations of the lever with the rod, depending on the change in the technological resistance from the materials to be sewn, the coefficients of the elastic elements rigidities, and the length of the working arms of the rocker arms and the lifting of the rod;
it is developed the graphical dependences of the change in needle piercing rate of the cross-linked materials with increasing thickness;
it is developed the graphical dependences of the difference in the amplitude values of the needle speeds at idle and operating conditions with the variation of the total mass of the needle and the slider;
it is developed the graphical patterns of angular displacement, speed and acceleration of the developed new design of the lower thread pusher with a cam mechanism, with an eccentric cam and roller. It is determined the kinematic characteristics of the pusher of the lower thread of a sewing machine of a two-thread chain stitch with an elliptical cam and an eccentric roller.

Subjects of research: building and exploitation of hydro-technical erections, their overalls and revetments.
Purpose of work: increasing of reliability and longevity of hydro-technical erections constructions by improvement of scams constructions using bitumen polymer mastics for hennetisation of deformative scams and joint compounds of concrete overalls and revetments.
Methods of research: Standard for building materials.
The results obtained and their novelty: worked out the constructions of revetments joints of THE and optimized the bitumen -polymer mastics compounds for hennetisation of defonnative scams and joint compounds of concrete and ferroconcrete erections; offered the technology of material preparing in stationary and field conditions, and also the technology of defonnative scams doing up by mechanized and manual ways.
Practical value: localization of initial components, lowering of hcrmctics prices at the expense of local raw materials and waste of manufacture using.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: Doing up of deformative scams at the Tashkent reservoir 90 m.; Soult-Golodno steppe - 10000 m; (developed). Ts 04-006995-01:2008, Ts 04-006995-02:2008.
The economical effect makes up 3272 sums on 1 m. for 2009.
Field of application: joint compounds and cracks of concrete on hydro-technical erections

The urgency and relevance of the theme of dissertation. Today around the worldbroad application of cold in food, chemical the industries, etc. allows to provide to medicine, pharmaceutics rhythm of production, it is more rational to use fixed assets, to keep quality of foodstuff, drugs, etc. In recent years, according to the International institute of cold, about a third of world production falls to the share of perishable goods. The general losses of all food in the world make ~25%, fruit and vegetables ~35%, perishable goods because of a lack of refrigerating capacities ~20%.In this regard construction new and reconstruction of the operating refrigerators arc inseparably linked with technical progress in area of production, application of artificial coldandisone of important tasks.
For years of independence special attention is paid on production of refrigeration and climatic units of different function. Essential results on increase in productivity and efficiency of the compressors entering them and the hcatexchange equipment arc achicved.lt is possible to note especially reduction of power losses in devices.
Todayimprovement of schemes of the produced installations, conservation by use of the ozone-safe and not creating greenhouse effect coolants arc one of important tasks.Carrying out purposeful research works, in particular, development of safe mixes of coolants, effective hcatexchange devices, programs of calculation of refrigerating cycles and selection of componentsis one of importanttasks.
This dissertation research to some extent serves performance of the tasks provided by the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of April 7, 2011 No. PP-107 "About measures for development and strengthening of material and technical resources of storage of fruit and vegetable products for 201 l-2015"and also in other standard and legal documents accepted in this sphere.
The aim of research work is development of scientific and methodical bases of process of boiling of multicomponent mix of coolants on a surface with cross and ring flutes and of the hcatexchange device from pipes with cross and ring turbulizers.
Scientific novelty of the research work:
the heat exchange model at vesiculate boiling of hydrocarbonic coolants and their ncazcotropny mix R290/R600a/R600 on pipes with cross and ring turbulizers is created;
on the basis of the carricd-out tests skilled data on refrigerating capacity, energy expenses in the one-stage and cascade refrigerators equipped with the effective condenser, the evaporator and the condenser evaporator arc obtained;
dependence of refrigerating capacity, the spent power on a type of coolant, the place of application of effective pipes is revealed (in the condenser, the evaporator and the condenser evaporator);
semi-empirieal models of a thermolysis when cooling, heating, boiling, condensation arc offered;
on the basis of the analysis efficiency of hcatexchange devices with the pipes having ring flutes outside and smoothly outlined diaphragms inside is shown.
Application of knurled pipes in the evaporator thermodynamic is favorable, the efficiency of the condenser with cross ring turbulizers made of pipes 1,06 + 1,25 in an interval;
on the basis of the analysis efficiency of vapor-compression refrigerators with the hcatexchange devices manufactured of pipes, having ring flutes and ledges is shown. The best mashines on power characteristics with pipes No. 3 in the condenser and with pipes No. 4 in the evaporator have, respectively, efficiency and 0,59 at To. Application of knurled pipes in the condenser evaporator practically docs not influence efficiency of the refrigerator;
the criterion for assessment of power efficiency of hcatexchange devices is offered;
the technique of the eksergetichcsky analysis of the one-cascade vaporcompression refrigerator is developed. The technique is based on the sequence of the analysis of one-stage machinarics.
CONCLUSION
The main results of dissertation operation arc as follows:
1. The technique of processing of experimental results of the cascade refrigerator with the intensified hcatexchange pipes is developed.
2. Changes arc entered into a method of calculation of density of a thermal stream at vesiculate boiling taking into account parameters of surfaces with ring flutes.
3. Fall of temperature of condensation in the top branch when using all options of pipes with ring diaphragms and flutes as hcatexchange surfaces in the condenser is revealed.
4. The non zeotrop mix R290/R600a/R600 offered as the alternative agent to ozonoaktivny R12 has almost identical power indicators with R12.
5. Arc defined efficiency on refrigerators with condensers from effective pipes. Application of a pipe No. 2 in the condenser lowers efficiency of the mashine, and pipes No. 4 - does not influence on. The best surface of heat exchange is the surface from pipes No. 3.
6. Under equal conditions the refrigerating coefficient of the cascade mashine on pure propane is more, than on mix. With growth of temperature of boiling £ raises. The mashine with d! D- 0,945 pipes in the evaporator is most effective.
7. The criterion for evaluation of efficiency of hcatexchange devices is offered. The criterion of efficiency is based on a concept of an exergy. It is convenient to them to use for definition of the best options of the hcatexchange surfaces operating and selection thermodynamic of the naivygodny designed devices. The technique of the ekscrgctichcsky analysis of the one-cascade vapor-compression refrigerator is developed. The technique is based on the sequence of the analysis of one-stage mashincs.
8. Operation of the cascade refrigerator by means of the developed technique in the range it is analysed by 213 < To < 233 A?. r)e kritcry of efficiency served. The best mashines on power characteristics with pipes No. 3 in the condenser and with pipes No. 4 in the evaporator have, respectively, efficiency/^, =0,60 and 0,59 at To =213. Application of knurled pipes in the condenser evaporator practically docs not influence efficiency of the refrigerator. The maximum efficiency of the machine is reached at TO<213A’. In all cases atTo, exceeding 213 K, sharp reduction of efficiency is observed. Power characteristics of compressor and condenser knot of the refrigerator with the device equipped with effective pipes arc calculated. The size of losses of energy is reduced by 5190,5 kW ■ h/year at the 7000th hour of work in a year.

Subjects of the research: carboxymcthylstarch, cotton fabric.
Purpose of work: The development scientific aspects creation of immensely effective thickener on base of the modified starch, bentonite clay and synthetic polymers and development non-wasting to clean technology of the printing cotton fabrics with their using. Development is directed on intensification process of the printing, simplification to technologies and improvement characteristics and quality of cotton fabrics by regulations their functionality.
Methods of research: IR-, NMR-, UV-spcctroscopy, viscosimetry, electro kinetic potential, rhcologycal, optic microscopy, physico-chemical method of investigation, method and quality properties of a printed fabrics.
The results obtained and their novelty: For the first time designed resepts on based polyacrylates and carboxymcthylstarch, got from rice starch, as thickener printed paints for wadding cotton fabrics, allowing perfect their qualitative and colour to factors. The studied influence to concentrations of the modified starch in thickening system on characteristic printed fabrics. The studied regularities of the process etherification rice starch with sodium salt of monochloroacctic acids inprcsencc of ethyl alcohol. The studied rhcologycal and thyxotropy characteristic carboxymcthylstarch with polyacrylates dependency them from different factor.
Practycal value: Designed mixed thickener possible successfully to use in process of the printing cotton fabrics by reactive dye for improvement their signet technical characteristic. Using mixed thickener, in part or total excludes use an algynatc and derived starch, in our republic because of border and hereunder spare the exchange facilities of the country.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the experimental - productionline testing of obtained polymer thickeners with reactive dyes on “IMIDJTEXTILE” arc held. Anticipated economical effect from an intrusion of the proposed thickening ingredient for 1 t 192750 sums (20.08.2009). Obtained scientifically - practical results were introduced in educational process of the department «Chemical technology and design fibers material and papers" of the textile and light industry institute of Tashkent.
Field of application: textile industry, ecology, education.

Ushbu ishida ? 2 (?) Hilbert fazosida aniqlangan ikki o’lchamli qo’zg’alanishli, chiziqli, chegaralangan va o’z o’ziga qo’shma ? ?? operator qaralgan. Ishda ? ?? operatorning muhim spektrdan chapda va o’ngda faqat bitta yoki ikkita xos qiymatga ega ekanligi operatorning paremetrlariga bog’liq ravishda o’rganilgan.

The aim of the research work. The aim of this dissertation is to study the causes of caving during drilling and the development of measures for quality completion of wells in the complicated caving areas.
Scientific novelty' of the research work is as follows:
experimentally obtained dependence of the strength of the rock on the number and speed of round-trip operations;
theoretically established the influence of "launch" of the pump pressure in the process of recovery of fluid circulation to the occurrence of fatigue stress on the rock;
theoretically determined that the teeth of roller cone bit under certain specific heaviness causes the ultimate stress in the rock that goes well beyond the loop, which is the reason for the reduction of its strength and collapse;
it was established that the roller bits cause deformation of rocks in the array, whereby the macro- and micro cracks arise where mud filtrate penetrates;
the method is developed for caving forecasting technique based on zones of geophysical studies and research drilled solids (sludge) by comparing the actual density of rocks with a density of normally compacted rock (theoretical density of the breed).

Maqolada, gazlarni ho‘l usulda toazlovchi rotor-filtrli apparatda o‘tkazilgan tajribaviy tadqiqotlarda olingan ma’lumotlar berilgan. Tajriba natijalariga matematik rejalashtirish usulini qo‘llab apparatning energiya samaradorligi aniqlangan.

Tadqiqot ishida monokristall kremniyli fotoelektrik batareya (FEB) asosidagi fotoissiqlik qurilmasi (FIB) ga qo'shimcha jihozlarni biriktirish va undan qishloq xo'jaligida foydalanish bo'yicha ma’lumotlar keltirilgan. Shuningdek, FIB ning texnik-iqtisodiy samaradorligi hisoblab chiqilgan.

The article defines the definition of students’ programming culture, its structure and assessment methods. The proposed approach is based on ABC abilities, as well as programming methods for the level of sensor proficiency.

The aim of research work is the development and creation of technologies for processing man-made structures of mining and smelting industry by developing methods of extracting gold, silver, iron, and silicon dioxide, providing an increase in the production of non-ferrous, precious and nonferrous metals in the metallurgical industry.
Scientific novelty of the research work is as follows:
based on the study of the process of fluorination determined the degree of decomposition of silicate compounds, depending on the heating of the sample man-made structures at different temperatures, it is found that with increasing time of heating the sample to 120 minutes and at temperatures of 90, 115 and 135°C, the conversion of the silica increases during the fluorination;
found that with increasing time of heating the sample to 120 minutes at a temperature of 90°C grade silica formation increases to 58%, further heating to increase accompanied by an increase 115°C silicon dioxide conversion to 78%, heating the sample to 135°C increases the degree of transformation of silica to 98%;
by studying the formation of ammonium hexafluorosilicate it has been established that fluoridation of silica depends on the heating temperature, increasing from 30 to which the 160°C water evaporation occurs; further increase in temperature docs not affect the process of evaporation, by increasing the heating temperature from 130 to 200°C is an active release of ammonia, further increase in temperature passively affects the process of selection, studies have found that increasing the heating temperature from 150 to 320°C ammonium hexafluorosilicate passes into the gas phase, a further increase in temperature docs not affect the formation of ammonium fluorosilicatc, by reducing the temperature to 200°C hexafluorosilicate ammonium condensed into a powder phase;
based on a study of the process flow of time, to study the interaction of ammonium hexafluorosilicate with ammonium hydroxide, and its dependence on the time at different temperatures, during the study it was found that when subjected to 10% ammonium hydroxide, ammonium hexafluorosilicate solution for 90 seconds at temperatures of 20, 30, 40 and 500C, the latter dissolves, accordingly, a mass of 0,76, 0,80, 0,84 and 0,90, the solution also further increase contact time (90 s) at different temperatures, the solubility docs not change significantly;
the kinetic parameters of the sublimation of ammonium hexafluorosilicate according to the weight reduction of the sample man-made structures, it is found that with increasing heating temperature sample weight manmade structures equal 350°C, passes into the gas phase for 60 minutes, ammonium hexafluorosilicate (70%), increasing the temperature to 400°C for 30 minutes, it is also accompanied by the transition of ammonium hexafluorosilicate (90%) in the gas phase, by increasing the temperature to 450°C samples for 15 minutes a 100% ammonium hexafluorosilicate compound passes into the gaseous phase;
the optimal parameters of leaching silver from the tailings gold extraction fabric, depending on the concentration of sulphuric acid, which provides the maximum additional recovery of these metals, with increasing concentration of sulfuric acid with 5 to 15 ml/1 of a violent reaction occurs on the extraction of gold and silver, and an increase in their concentration is higher than 15 ml/1, no significant changes in the additional recovery process;
Optimal parameters for leaching silver from gold extraction fabric tails depending on nitric acid concentrations of from 5 ml/1 to 45 ml/1, investigations have shown that with increasing nitric acid concentration of 5 to 45 ml/1 of a violent reaction occurs on the extraction of gold and silver, further increasing the concentration of nitric acid (45 ml/1 more), no significant change in their extraction;
optimal parameters for leaching gold and silver from the mill tailings, depending on the concentration of nitric acid of 25 ml/1 with the addition of potassium nitrate as oxidant in a concentration of from 1 to 8 g/1 was found that increasing the concentration of the oxidizing agent;
potassium nitrate in concentrations of up to 1 g 3 g/1 is an active recovery of gold and silver, further increase in the concentration of potassium nitrate oxidizer (more than 3 g/1), no significant change in their removal.

The aim of research is improvement of technology of production of interesterificatcd fats with use of soya and cotton oils, and also is expansion of rawmaterial base.
Scientific novelty of research consists in the following:
application of the deodorized cotton oil, the deodorized soya oil, non-refined soya oil in the ratio 50:44:6 in fractioncd blend for reception of salad oil and palmitin is proved at non-refined of systems of the mix of cotton and soya oil;
along with process acceleration of fractioning application of a blend of the deodorized cotton oil, the deodorized soya oil, non-refined soya oil for conformity to requirements of a parity of co-6:to-3 fat acids of received products of fractioning, in particular salad oil and cotton-soya palmitin is specified;
application of cotton-soya palmitin and cotton-salad oil as a component of a fatty basis in manufacture of interesterificatcd fats is specified;
maintenance of a necessary parity of fat acids at application cotton-soya palmitin and cotton-salad oil in manufacture of interesterificatcd fats is proved;
The technology of reception of interesterificatcd fats on the basis of local raw materials is improved.

Ushbu maqolada umumiy o’rta ta’lim maktablari texnologiya fanini o‘qitishga qo‘yiladagan talablar va elektron vositalar orqali o‘quvchilarning kreativ kompetentligini rivojlantirish masalasi yoritib berilgan.

Subjects of research: Ion-beam treatment and electronic spectroscopy of a surface of solid.
Purpose of work: Research of legitimacy and finding-out of physical mechanisms of formation one- and multicomponent nanofilms, nanocrystals and superlattices on the basis of semiconductor and dielectric films at low-energy ion-bombardment in a combination with annealing.
Methods of research: Auger-electron spectroscopy (for research of composition), high energy electron diffraction, raster electron microscopy (for research of crystal structure and topography), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, spectroscopy elastic reflected electrons, spectroscopy characteristics loss energy electrons (for research of electron structure).
The results achieved and their novelty: For the first time the technique of obtained nanocrystals and nanofilms is developed on the basis of semiconductors and dielectric films with use of low-energy ion-implantation (Eo = 0.5-5 keV) in a combination with annealing (temperature + laser). The basic mechanisms of their formation are revealed. For the first time parameters of energetic zones and a crystal lattice of silicide nanofilms different thickness are appreciated. It is revealed, that at 9 < 5 - 6 nm with decreases of thickness of a film the width of the forbidden zone and value of a constant lattice "a" increases. The technique of an estimation of the critical sizes nanocrystals is developed at which there is a tunneling electron. The model of surface Si with nanocrystals silicide is developed.
Practical value: Results can be used for creation new nanomaterials and multilayered nanosizes geterostructure, necessary for devices micro-, opto- and nanoelectronics.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: Practical recommendations for future use of the obtained results in electronic industry are developed. Results have been used at performance of grants (Patent RUz № IAP 04080. Method of obtained nanocrystals of silicide metal; Patent RUz № IAP 04081. Method of obtained three-componential nanostructure on the basis of arsenide gallium). The part of results is used in educational process (There is an act of introduction in educational process TSTU).
Field of application: physical electronics and physics of surface, micro-, opto-and nanoelectronics, ionic-beam and laser technology, production of semiconductor devices.

Jamoatchihk bilan aloqalar (PR) jamoatchihk idrokim shakllantinsh va atrof-muhit muammolari bilan shug'ullanishni rivojlantirishda hal qiluvchi rol o'ynaydi. Ushbu maqola atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish tashkilotlarida PR matnlaridan foydalanishni o'rganadi, ulaming mazmuni, strategiyalari va manfaatdor tomonlar bilan muloqotga ta'sirini tahlil qiladi. PR va atrof-muhit kommunikatsiyalarining nazariy asoslariga, shuningdek, cmpirik tadqiqotlarga tayangan holda, ushbu maqola PR matnlari ckologik xabarlami ctkazish, yordamni safarbar qilish va barqaror amaliyotlami himoya qilish uchun qanday ishlatilishini o'rganadi. Bundan tashqari, u atrof-muhitni himoya qilish kontekstida PR aloqasi bilan bog'liq muammolar va imkoniyatlami o'rganadi. Atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish tashkilotlarida PR matnlarining rolini yoritib. ushbu tadqiqot atrof-muhit haqida xabardorlik va harakatlami rag'batlantirish uchun aloqa strategiyalarini chuqurroq tushunishga hissa qo'shishga qaratilgan.

The article considers the main trends in the development of the tax administration system in the conditions of digital transformation of the economy. The main stages of introduction of digital technologies in the activities of tax authorities of Russia are defined. The main directions of digital modernisation of tax administration are analysed. The conclusion is made about the impact of new business models on the communication process between taxpayers and tax authorities, which requires the use of modern digital technologies. The main opportunities and threats of digitalisation of tax administration are also identified.

The article examines various aspects of shaping students' creative thinking using digital technology. Tools, functional tasks used in the educational process are presented.

The main aspect of the study is devoted to evidence in the form of digital traces, which are used by representatives of the tax authorities, as an evidence base in litigation with taxpayers.

The topicality and demand of the theme of dissertation. At present, the accelerated development of new technologies around the world enhances the demand for the use of the electromagnetic field device management systems, production processes, every day. The world is currently about 35% of sewage and drinking water should be cleaned, decontaminated and desalted. In this context, the rational use of drinking water, municipal and industrial, sewage, improving the quality of processing, with the help of technical means of cleansing and disinfection and technologies usoverschenstvovanic comprehensive measures arc priorities.
Globally, currently about 2-3% (K.W. hour) of electricity generated is spent on the purification of waste water, decontamination and desalination. In this regard, one of the main objectives of the national economy is to provide decontamination and desalination devices with high performance and efficiency, greater reliability and energy efficiency, it becomes important.
In this regard, according to existing technologies reagent methods of cleaning and disinfection arc costly and ineffective, in which water is not enough cleaned and disinfected, does not provide high reliability and economic efficiency. Based on these provisions, it is appropriate to study, research devices, control systems unified spatial electromagnetic field. On the basis of performed cleaning, disinfection, desalination and desalination, which provides energy saving, high reliability, performance, and versatility that is highly relevant.
In this regard, of particular interest is the introduction and improvement of science-based technologies of processing and analysis of cleaning methods, decontamination and desalination of water, based on the pulse and vortex electric, electromagnetic, magnetic, gravitational and twisting vortex field device management systems, unified spatial electromagnetic field.
This dissertation research to some extent is to complete the task given to the Cabinet of Ministers "Improvement of water supply control systems», №320 of 21 July 2003 "On the economical use of water resources», №183 from April 14, 2004.
The purpose of the study is to provide a unified management systems spatial electromagnetic field for cleaning, disinfection, desalination of sewage and drinking water.
Conclusion
Summarizing the results of carried out researches the comprehensive studies of the SSDF were conducted for the first time in the dissertation. Industrial, experimental and theoretical studies allowed to determine a stable work of SSDF by using modem electronic control devices which provide a stable work in its operating range.
The main scientific results, conclusions and recommendations of the work arc the following:
1. There was determined that study of issues of the comparative analysis of electromagnetic pulse power systems and power control systems of electromagnetic devices of a single spatial field showed that the device of final control element, based on pulse electromagnetic field and vortex electric field using much more fully meets the requirements.
2. There was developed a control system with thyristor inverter of frequency for the plant of purification and disinfection of water by the pulsed electromagnetic field, providing consistency of shape and amplitude of the oscillation energy in the executive solenoid of exciting winding.
3. There were studied devices of final control element’s control system with using of Elcktronics Workbench software and tool program C ++ Builder. The modeled data gave the possibility to clarify and visually examine processes taking place in device and improve the control system scheme.
4. There was stated from a current-voltage characteristic of the single surface field’s device control that starting from 60 A to 300 A the section of a currentvoltage characteristic (linear section) is the voltage stabilizer and most suitable for SSFD work. The voltage in the SSFD on this section does not depend on the applied current, and depends only on the design features of the inductance coils of final control element’s exciting windings and copper rod of SSFD. For the stable operation of SSFD there was determined a control voltage providing the stable work of SSFD in the current working range.
5. There was proposed the calculation method for the linear magnetic system, determined the electromagnetic force field winding of the final control element at serial and parallel connection. A feature of this method is that the ratios between the flux linkages and currents for such a system are written in the form of linear equations containing inductance and mutual inductance of exciting windings of the final control element.
6. There was found that minimizing condition of relative losses in the copper of the field winding taking into account its characteristics can be provided only with a definite form of voltage impulse at its clamps. In the electromagnetic system with non-zero internal resistance of the circuit and the final value of inductance can be obtained the minimum value of the relative energy losses in the copper of exciting winding if pulses of the square of the current and inductance derivative to carry out with respect to time at similar form.
7. There were shown the dynamic properties and sustainability issues, as well as the reserves of stability and transients for SSEF real control systems were identified to ensure the normal operation of the device. Experimental studies of SSEF control system showed that newly developed system meets all the requirements of the control systems of such devices in the dynamic conditions of their work.
8. There were developed the algorithms for calculating the reliability of SSEF control systems that allow us to determine the quantitative characteristics of reliability in operation.
9.The industrial model has passed tests at sewage treatment plants of Salar WWTP "Suvsoz." The use of industrial model has reduced the collie-index almost to 99%.
10. The developed device management systems SSEF on key technical indicators and parameters is significantly superior.
When using the device management systems common spatial electromagnetic field reliability exceeds 1,30 times the prototype, the efficiency of 20% water disinfection performance and service life is increased twice.
The economic effect of the introduction of the device management system is EPEP 67 million, sum per year.
Thus, on the basis of theoretical generalization and implementation set out in the new research positions, solved a big problem of developing a unified device management systems spatial electromagnetic field which is of great economic importance.

Subjects of the research: The unreeling raw silk 2,33 and 3,23 tex from cocoons of hybrids of a silkworm Uzbekistan-6 and Chinese, new structural silk braiding surgical threads.
Purpose of work: To develop manufacture of a braiding surgical thread of new structure and to investigate their properties.
Method of research: Experimental researches were carried out on the modern equipment and chair devices «Technology of silk» and in laboratory "CENTEXUZ" TITLL In job methods of mathematical statistics and the experiment analysis were used.
The results obtained and their novelty: The technology manufacture of braiding surgical threads from natural silk is developed. (Patent UZ IAP №0407820)
Technological process is reduced to 3 stages, than by manufacture of twisted surgical threads. Speed of unreeling within 115 m/mincs for reception of the raw materials intended for weaving of surgical threads is established. The weaving factor which is recommended for use in formulas of calculation of durability and linear density of braiding surgical threads is proved.
Practical value: At use of braiding threads at surgical operations in quality suture material shift cases twist, taking place arc excluded at application of twisted threads. Technology introduction in industrial to manufacture raises efficiency and expands assortment of products.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: Braiding surgical silk threads arc introduced in surgical practice Republican centre of scientific of emergency medical aid MH RUZ. The technology of reception of braiding threads is introduced in manufacture «XON TEKSTIL» LTD.
By manufacture and realisation of braiding surgical threads of 10 kg economic efficiency makes 4300 thousand sum.
Field of application: In medical establishment and on silk processing factories.

Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. At the present stage of development there is a distinct steady growth in consumption of motor fuels in Uzbekistan, which necessitates the use of alternative raw material resources and efficient use of conventional oil resources for their production.
Alongside with this, the emerging worldwide trend of gradual depletion of oil stock, increase in share of heavy crude oils in hydrocarbon processing output, strengthening of requirements to operational and environmental characteristics of motor fuels dictates the need to find alternative energy resources for expansion of motor gasoline and diesel fuel production.
It should be noted that, until now, there has been no in-depth research of specific features of gasoline and diesel fuels production using plant materials, byproducts of oil refining and chemical industries as fuel additives, heavy crude oils processing for maximum extraction of motor fuel components in terms of physical-chemical mechanics of oil dispersion systems; there is virtually no experience of extraction and ways of use of oil shale tars of the republic deposits as alternative sources of fuels.
Availability of huge capacity for methanol production makes it important to conduct integrated studies on production of gasoline-methanol fuel mixtures with improved environmental characteristics. The ethanol resources available in the country and opportunities to obtain biobutanol make it relevant and actual to conduct research and development of effective gasoline additives on their basis.
The resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan «Program of action for environmental protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2008-2012» of 19.09.2008 №212 seeks rational and complex use of oil and gas condensate, including heavy oil resources, the introduction of clean and resourceefficient technologies, including technologies for use of renewable energy sources.
The tendency for increase in share of processing of composite oil-gas condensate stock necessitates the revision of the existing and development of new technological solutions for the selection of optimum composition of mixtures of heavy oil and gas condensate with a view to ensure maximum extraction of light fractions in the course of processing based on the theory of controlled phase transitions in oil dispersion systems with estimation of criteria for determination of optimum ratios of raw components in composite materials.
Uzbekistan possesses huge oil shale reserves. Similar origin of organic substances of oil shale, the similarity of their composition to that of oil stock makes it topical to study the methods for separation of organic components of oil shale and development of ways for their conversion into motor fuel components.
Demand of the subject of dissertation lies in development of scientific and technological bases for motor fuels production with involvement of local plant materials, products of secondary oil processing, optimization of joint processing of heavy crude oils and gas condensates with directional regulation of yield of light fractions, development of methods for use of non-conventional sources of raw materials for production of fuel components, improvement of operational and environmental characteristics of motor fuels
Purpose of research is development of the scientific and technological bases for gasoline and diesel fuel production on the basis of local raw material resources.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following:
It has been established that gasoline-methanol mixtures up to 5% methanol content make no corrosive attack on «valve-seat» sections of gasoline injectors, rubber seal rings and aluminium materials, and usage of such mixtures results in reduction of hazardous emissions - carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (CH) up to 40-45%;
It has been found that involvement of biobutanol in gasoline-methanol and gasoline-ethanol mixtures in quantity comparable to methanol and ethanol content increases the permissible quantity of residual water in the mixture to ensure the predetermined cloud point temperature by more than 60% relative and 150% relative, respectively;
there has been developed the histograms of dependence of gasoline octane number maintenance by means of replacement of monomethylaniline with methanol and ethanol, and it was found that 5% of methanol reduces monomethylaniline content in gasoline by 35% relative, 7% ethanol - by 40% relative;
there has been developed a method for diesel fuel production with involvement of by-products of secondary refining processes and proposed dependence criteria for determining their limit content in fuel composition;
there has been determined the specifics of refining of heavy oils of Surkhandarya deposits in mixture with gas condensate in terms of physicochemical mechanics of oil dispersion systems. It is found that more than 30% content of gas condensate and more in mixtures causes increase in yield of light fractions up to 4% compared to the yield, calculated according to the rule of additivity;
there has been determined the optimum condition for extraction of oil shale tars in the course of their processing: pyrolysis temperature - 550°C, pyrolysis temperature retention time - 45 minutes. It has been demonstrated that preliminary preparation of oil shale of Baysun deposits through alkaline and bacterial treatment allows for reduction of sulphur content in oil shale tars up to 40-70%, increase in depth of extraction of shale tar samples by more than 60% relative.
CONCLUSION
1. For the first time there were conducted integrated studies on production of gasoline-methanol mixtures on the basis of local raw material resources, including benchmark and field testing, acceptability of primary components was demonstrated.
It is found that gasoline-methanol mixtures with up to 5% methanol content do not make corrosive attack on «valve-seat» sections of gasoline injectors, rubber seal ring s and aluminium materials, and, when using moisture free base gasoline and methanol (99,95%), mixtures demonstrate resistance to segregation, sufficient for moderate climate conditions of the Republic.
Results of benchmark tests supported power maintenance of engine running on gasoline Al-91 with 3% and 5% methanol, reduction of specific fuel rate approximately to 2.5%, reduction of hazardous emissions - carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (CH) by 40-45% in comparison with the base gasoline.
2. There was prepared biobutanol from plant material and demonstrated efficiency of its use as a part binary oxygenates, determined its role in regulating phase stability and improvement of octane characteristics of gasoline containing methanol and ethanol.
3. There were developed methods for improvement of environmental performance of motor gasoline using additives on the basis of mixed composite combinations of oxygenates - methanol, ethanol, in combination with nitrogen- and manganese containing dopants. There were developed some histograms of dependence of octane number maintenance of commercial gasoline with different concentrations of binary additives on the basis of methanol and ethanol.
High performance characteristics of developed composition of gasoline Al-80 of Fergana Oil Refinery, with the component composition, % by weight: directly distilled gasoline fraction-55.41; stable catalyst - 33.64; gasoline of delayed coking units - 9.9; antiknock additive ADA-Super - 1.01; antiknock additive Hi-tech 3062 - 0.04 confirmed by results of qualification tests.
4. There were proposed methods for diesel fuel production with involvement of by-products of oil-refinery - light coking distillate and overhead vacuum distillate of fuel oil vacuum distillation unit, which enabled to obtain additional resources in amount up to 5-7% of the volume of commercial diesel fuel. Proposed dependence criteria for determination of limiting quantities of by-product added to diesel fuel.
5. As a result of experimental-production studies there was studied of the specifics of heavy oil processing in combination with gas condensate from the fields of the republic, and demonstrates that directional regulation of their ratio in mixture in terms of physicochemical mechanics of oil dispersion systems is a way of maximizing extraction of light fractions.
There were developed the methods of control of optimal ratio of heavy oils and gas condensate in the course of their joint processing for maximum extraction of light fractions using dependence of viscosity characteristics of mixtures.
6. There was studied the processing of oil shale with a view to obtain alternative motor fuel components, selected an optimal mode of oil shale tar extraction using the developed laboratory instrument of high-temperature processing of oil shale, optimal pyrolysis conditions determined the following parameters: pyrolysis temperature - 550°C, pyrolysis temperature holding time - 45 min.
7. Determined the role of preliminary treatment of oil shale in pyrolysis results. It is demonstrated that alkaline treatment of oil shale leads to removal of reducing forms of sulfur. The most effective removal of reducing forms of sulfur (up to 83%) occurs when the concentration of NaOH is equal to 1%. Biological treatment of oil shale causes increase in shale tar yield. It is found that tar output from treated oil shale made 18.0%, or more than 60% of relative tar yield from source oil shale. Stage of acidification of oil shale material by sulfuric acid solution leads to increase in tar yield at 21.3% R.H.
8. For the first time, there was demonstrated the possibility of use of shale tars as an alternative raw material for production of motor fuel components, substantiated the technology of shale tar processing together with oil stock with the use of conventional technologies and oil refining processes.
9. It has been established that the gradual acidification leads to development of local («native») microflora of shale material, causing significant increase in liter slurry of iron oxidizing bacteria As. Ferrooxidans, which is the main type bacteria currently used in technologies of mineral raw materials processing, since the very existence in the original shale of «inoculating material» of iron oxidizing bacteria w ill be a source of replenishment of bacteria needed for oil shale processing.
10. In industrial conditions of the Fergana Refinery there was developed a process flow diagram of preparation, introduced the technology of diesel fuel production using by-products of oil refinery - light coking distillate and overhead vacuum distillate in accordance with the requirements of the standard for summer diesel fuel, developed and implemented a temporary production technology of pilot batches of gasoline-methanol mixture, Specifications TSh 39.3-285:2012 «Automobile methanol gasoline» for motor spirits of grades AI-80-M1, 3 and 5 (with 1, 3 and 5% methanol respectively) and A1-91-M1, 3 and 5 have been developed, approved and registered in the Agency Uzstandard. There was developed and implemented the guidelines for preparing and processing of heavy oils and gas condensate mixtures in optimal ratio at JV Jarkurganneftepererabotka. Appropriate certificates confirm cost of economical efficiency of dissertation results.

The urgency and relevance of the theme of dissertation. An estimated food and agriculture organization of the UN in 2050 year to satisfy the demand for food the annual global production of agricultural crops and animal production must increase by 60% compared with the level of 2006 year6. In the world every year because of the damage generated losses of grain products by 30%, root vegetables, fruits and vegetables by 40-50%, oilseeds, meat and dairy products by 20% and fish by 35%7.
In the years of independence of special attention is paid to the cultivation and efficient development of the industry, processing agricultural products. As a result of conducted in this area of program activities, including to ensure the quality of processing of products of agriculture and forestry, tangible results have been achieved in the production of import-substituting and export-oriented food and pharmaceutical products. In 2015 year the country is grown 200,3 tonnes of tubers of Jerusalem artichoke and 199,2 tons of rose hips8. One of the most widespread methods of processing of these products assumed to be their drying.
Today important objective of global scale is the development of equipment and technology for the processing of products of agriculture and forestry, including the Jerusalem artichoke and rose hips, special attention is paid to improvement methods of processing of raw materials through the application of new technologies, taking into account the results of scientific research in this area focused on the preservation of biologically active substances in the finished product. It is necessary to substantiate the appropriate scientific decisions and recommendations aimed at improving the methods of drying and the development of technology for obtaining high-quality products, including the necessary: to develop equipment and technology of processing of Jerusalem artichoke and rosehip with the preservation of biologically active substances in the composition of the final products, to develop a mathematical model of the distribution of trace elements in the drying process, to explore and formalize the process of heat transfer, taking into account the changes of heat in infrared (IR) heating and nonlinear heat transfer phenomena, as well as examine the activity of heat during drying of the product to develop a vacuum drying apparatus with infrared heating and mill to produce a powder of the dried product. Actuality of and relevance of the theme of the dissertation is confirmed by the implementation of scientific research in this direction.
This dissertation research is to a certain extent perform tasks provided for the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PP-1047 of 26 January 2009 year «Concerning Additional Measures for increase food production and saturation of the domestic market» and PP-1633 of 31 October 2011 year «On measures to further improve the management of the organization and development of the food industry of the republic in 2012-2015», as well as other legal and regulatory documents adopted in this area.
The aim of research work it is to improve the technology for the processing Jerusalem artichoke tubers and rosehips using a vacuum dryer with infrared heating, providing increased energy efficiency and technology of equipment and preservation of biologically active substances.
Scientific novelty of the research work is as following:
determined the kinetics of Jerusalem artichoke tubers drying process and rosehips in a vacuum-drying equipment with infrared heating;
substantiated model of the motion of moisture in capillary pores and the distribution of microelements in the products of the process by controlling the drying process in the preparation of high-quality products;
determined the transfer of heat and moisture in the internal layers of the material in the low-vacuum conditions with infrared heating and revealed the specific features of the nonlinear propagation of heat in terms of discrete modes of the drying process;
substantiated comparative analysis of processing methods sorption isotherms and desorption appropriateness of the choice of the method of orthogonal regression equation in the form Posnova;
developed a mill construction with a cooling system to produce a powder of sugar-containing products;
determined by the vacuum pressure and the optimal drying temperature in the vacuum system with infrared heat to dry the tubers Jerusalem artichoke and rosehips with preservation of bioactive substances.
On the basis of the research on a doctoral thesis on «Development of technologies for the processing of the tubers of Jerusalem artichoke and rose hips with preservation of biologically active substances» provided the following conclusions:
1. As a result of the analysis of the modern state theory and practice of drying and heating activation of Jerusalem artichoke tubers and rose hips encountered trends their further development and improvement, which made it possible to put forward innovative ideas. As one of the most effective methods of drying the tuber of Jerusalem artichoke and rose hips products acts dehydration in vacuo with an infrared heating.
2. Developed and implemented a mathematical model of movement of moisture in the capillary pores studied materials showed the need to address the internal redistribution dissolved substances, and also confirms the regularity dynamics of the drying process under the given initial conditions with attendant phenomena sorption and desorption in the internal structures of the capillary channel walls. Proposed non-linear functional connections between the pressure inside the capillary, hydrodynamic movement speed, temperature, and density of the investigated material.
3. Proposed parametric identification of the correlation coefficients of a mathematical model and carried out analysis of the experimental statistical data.
4. The dependence of the irradiation power of the distance between the object and dewatered emitters and defined between emitters and methods of providing a uniform distribution of infrared radiation in the volume of dewatered products by means-reflector elements corresponding configuration in a vacuum drying installation with infrared heating.
5. Proposed sorption and desorption characteristics of tubers of Jerusalem artichoke: shows a capillary specific surface constituting 18,38 m2/g and the total pore volume for artichoke in the conditions vacuum infrared drying is 0,440 cm3/g. For the rose hips characteristic sorption and desorption: confirmed the specific surface area of the capillaries of 12,30 m2/g and the total volume of pores amounts to 0,390 cm3/g.
6. According to research of thermotechnical and sorption properties of the dried product identified: allowable temperature, drying time and construction vacuum drying equipment with infrared radiation. The method of calculation of industrial vacuum drying equipment with infrared emitter based on the results of experimental studies in a laboratory equipment.
7. It is shown that for the process of infrared drying fruit is necessary to optimize the amount of power input, so that the fruits quickly dehydrated. The optimum thickness of the product layer constituting about 2-2,5 mm, the optimal wavelength 3 mm, and the production time of dehydration amounts to allowable value, and temperatures do not exceed fruits 65-70 °C, while vacuum amounts to -0,8 atm.
8. As a result of an experimental research the influence of vibration on the technological process of drying found that dehydration efficiency increases to 4-5% in the conditions continuous heating - at a certain frequency and amplitude. It is shown that the composition of preservation inulin shredded pulp from Jerusalem artichoke tubers in a process of vacuum drying amounts to infrared to 45,4 mg%, and the slices of tubers of Jerusalem artichoke to 38,75 mg%, and thus the safety of ascorbic acid in the fruit pulp under vacuum rosehip infrared-drying up to 0,77 mg%. As part of the same fraction of the seeds rose hips contains ascorbic acid at a vacuum infrared drying up to 4,0 mg%. 
9. A result of researches established that using the method of vacuum drying with an infrared heating and the reflector at a temperature no higher than 60-70 °C allows save electric energy by 10-12%, and a full structure of vitamins and other biologically active substances (inulin and ascorbic acid) in the final product is 80-90%. 
10. Modernized technological line for producing a powder of Jerusalem artichoke with a vacuum drying installation with infrared heating and hammer mill. Developed and implemented an aerodynamic separator for fractionation (pulp, seeds, fluff) crushed rose hips. On the basis of these results is recommended for implementation in the industry to develop technological regulation for the production of powder from the tubers of Jerusalem artichoke varieties «Muzhiza» and the rose hips.
11. Developments and the recommendations of the thesis in the technology for processing of Jerusalem artichoke tubers and fruits rose hips at preservation of biologically active substances introduced into the State Joint Stock Concern «Uzfarmsanoat» and the entities of the system of the Ministry of agriculture and water management (Reference the State Joint Stock Concern «Uzfarmsanoat»from 30.11.2015 year MD-06/1868 and Ministry of agriculture and water management from 10.09.2015 year 06/14-893). A result of applying the vacuum drying technology with infrared radiation productivity increased by 1,2 the average annual overall economic efficiency was 233 million sum.

Subjects of research: lead-silicate glasses, the painted glasses with using of rare and rare-earth elements, glass-ceramic materials, microballs, road-alarm signs, cat's eyes, art details, glass and glass ceramics before and after y-irradiations.
Purpose of work: working out of structures of glasses on the basis of PbO-SiO2 system, definition of physical and chemical properties by experimental and settlement paths, research of possibility reception of the painted glasses and glass ceramics, definition of areas of their use.
Methods of research: chemical, optical, radiographic, electron-microscopic, thermographical, IR spectroscopic, standard methods of definition of physical and chemical properties, etc.
The results obtained and their novelty. For the first time in system PbO-SiO2 two structures (70% PbO + 30% SiO2 and 80% PbO + 20% SiO2) are defined as optimum from the point of view of obtaining on their basis glass balls, cat's eye, art details, y-steady materials.
For the first time experimentally confirmed that silicate-formation in charges 80% PbO + 20% SiO2 proceeds through formation of intermediate phases -2PbO-SiO2 and PbOSiO2; in charges 70% PbO + 30% SiO2 as an intermediate phase acts only PbO SiO2.
For the first time for binary lead-silicate glasses are considered all work cycle of transition from glass in microglass balls and then in road-alarm signs.
There are obtained colour glasses with application Cr2O3, Mn2O3, Fe2O3 and Ni2O3 and defined their suitability for manufacturing of stained-glass windows, a panel and etc.
There are synthesized glasses with a number of rare-earth elements and studied the possibility of their transformation in glass ceramics. It is considered the possibility of using of the obtained materials as glasses, steady to y-irradiation. Its is specified the necessity of carrying out of the further researches for this direction.
The mechanism of formation of PbO SiO2 as phase is specified at low-temperature of process of formation glass ceramics considered glasses depending on heat treatment and crystallisation conditions.
Practical value: possibility of manufacture on the basis of lead suric and natural quartz sand Dzheroj and Tozbulaksky deposits of transparent glasses suitable for manufacturing of the road-alarm signs is proved, the developed effective painted glasses have an urgency for creation import-swapping manufactures of the decorated products-stained-glass windows, panels, etc. The developed glass ceramics on preliminary data are suitable for creation of steady to y-irradiation of materials.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the developed optimum structures of glasses and glass ceramics are approved in conditions of «Olmazor TMTYICHK» and industrial enterprise "EUROSTYLE".
Economic benefit from using of oxides PbO, SiO2 with the additive oxides of pine forest and sodium as a result of quality improvement of micro-glass balls has made counting on 1 kg of glass 13920 - 14400 soums according to 2006 year.
Economic benefit from using of oxides of rare-earth elements in system PbO -SiO2 as a result of improvement of quality of colour glasses has made counting on 1 m2 glasses 11750 - 12500 soums according to 2008 year.
While in service within 6 months it is established, that reflective ability of the made signs meet the established requirements.
Field of application: - road technics;
- decoration and design;
- modern technics in the form of radiation-steady means.

Subjects of the inquiry: Central Kyzylkum phosphorites, phosphogypsum, nitric, phosphoric and sulfuric acid, carboammonium salts, acid and ammoniated pulps, water-salt systems, washing waters.
Aim of the inquiry: Creation of physics-chemical and technological bases of various kinds of Central Kyzylkum phosphorites, phosphochalk and phosphogypsum processing to efficient simple and complex fertilizers.
Method of inquiry: chemical, X-ray and IR-spectroscopical methods of analysis, an isothermal and polythermal method of solubility studying.
The results achieved and their novelty: for the first time the new data on solubility, interaction and phase changes in threefold and the multicomponent systems made of calcium phosphates, inorganic acids, calcium sulphate and calcium carbonate are obtained, kinetic laws of running chemical reactions are investigated and on this basis various kinds of simple and complex fertilizers with high technical and economic and agrochemical indexs are synthesized.
Practical value: on the basis of various kinds of Central Kyzylkum phosphorites flexible wasteless productions technologies of high performance simple and complex fertilizers were created. The technology of phosphogypsum from Central Kyzylkum phosphorites processing to ammonium sulphate and phosphochalk was developed.
Degree of embed and economic affectivity: the technology on production nitrocalciumphosphate fertilizers from Central Kyzylkum phosphorites is ran into production on “Samarkhandkimyo” Open Stock Society, were produced more than 90 thousand t of fertilizers. On Open Stock Society "Ammophos" trial installation for conversion of 10 thousands tonns/year of phosphogypsum processing to ammonium sulphate and phosphochalk is mounted and approved. The developed fertilizers have shown higher agrochemical efficiency in comparison with ammophos and simple superphosphate. Technico-economical calculations shows decreasing of fertilizers price for about 15-40 %.
Sphere of usage: production of mineral fertilizers and an agriculture.

The aim of the research work is development of efficient design of working details and mechanisms of saw gins.
Scientific novelty of the research work: effective and resource efficient constructions of saw gin mechanisms have been developed; analytical method of indication of law for motion of rotor drive and saw gin beam has been developed; estimation method of random reflection from cotton and support with non-linear stiffness is calculated; the rule of oscillating motion on resilient support is identified with analytical method; active parameters are developed; a method of friction decrease between short fibers and saw gin mechanisms is developed.