Asian Studies

The article investigates the  new terms of “Academy of Persian Language and Literature” and an analysis of their appling in transport terminology. Conclusion had been given doublets of transport terms in Persian language and their using form in the terminology.

Uzbekistan  celebrated  15  years  of  joining  to  the  Shanhai  Cooperation Organization in 2016 year. The summit was held in Tashkent at this year. On account of these  historical  and  political  facts  this  article  will  highlight  some  Chinese  political culture.

The article considers the possibilities of systems analysis in the solution of problems  of  increasing  integrity  system  named  “The  importance  of  historical  and cultural heritage of the epoch of Amir Temur and Temurids in the history of Uzbekistan and world history”. The working model is chosen for the systematic analysis

The article discusses the participation of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and the influence of the organization as the main factor of regional cooperation in today's context. Today Pakistan considers membership in the SCO as a cornerstone of its regional policy. Participation in the Shanghai organization allows  Islamabad  to  strengthen  its  international  position,  facilitate  the  realization  of geostrategic  and  geo-economic  potential,  develop  relations  with  the  Russian  Federation, People's Republic of China, Central Asian countries, strengthen its positions in the field of regional security, and also “restrain” its traditional opponent – India. The  effectiveness  of  the  Shanghai  organization  in  a  new  format  is  studied.  The expansion  of  the  SCO  through  the  accession  of  Pakistan  and  India  has  turned  the organization into one of the main instruments of multilateral cooperation. It began to be perceived as the Asian counterpart of the G7 group, which could become a new center of power  of  global  importance.  Pakistan  and  India  have  changed  the  balance  of  power within the organization, and the contradictions between Islamabad and Delhi, as well as between Delhi and Beijing, may reduce the effectiveness of the Shanghai organization in a new format. Finally, the article discusses promising areas of cooperation between  Pakistan and the member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Islamabad is counting on strengthening cooperation with the countries of the Shanghai organization, enhancing the effectiveness of a regional approach to the problems of terrorism and extremism, making its contribution to regional development, security and stability, and informing about its point of view on regional issues. Islamabad is counting also on more active involvement of  the  Shanghai  organization  in  resolving  the  problem  in  Afghanistan  with  the participation of Russia, China and the states of Central Asia. In economic terms, for Pakistan the Shanghai Organization is the main platform for promoting its interests in the energy and transport and communications sectors. Among its most important goals in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Islamabad considers gaining access to the energy resources of Central Asian countries for consumption and transit, as well as providing the Shanghai Organization with its territory for access to the World Ocean, the Middle East, and South and Southeast Asia.

In the modern world, the principles of secular society dominate, on the one hand, and on the other, the process of the initial revival of religious consciousness, one of the  ancient  sources  of  popular  culture.  That  is  why  religion  has  become  a  social institution on the agenda of many issues related to the role and status of modern society. Issues such as secularism, which implies the free, independent and independent activity of the  spheres  of  public  life.  In  this  sense,  this  article  is  devoted  to  the  analysis  of  this complex and controversial social process and its relevance. In  the  article,  the  term  “secularization”  occurs  in  terms  of  history  and  logic:  the linguistic meaning of a word, its comparative and critical analysis of its definitions by various authors.  At  the  same  time,  the  objective  and  subjective  factors  behind  the  secularization process were uncovered. Specific examples of the sociocultural life of the West and the East are studied in detail and the content of the term "secularization" is defined. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the views of modern philosophers on this issue, the analysis of theoretical views proposed by various academic schools. General and specific aspects of the description and approach are highlighted, the author’s own views on them are described and definitions of the concept of “secularization” are developed. Based on recent studies, general theoretical conclusions are given. As  it  is  known,  the  secularization  paradigms  in  the  modern  world  are  gradually changing. In this sense, secularization is not a feature of all societies. It should be noted that in the process of change, religious issues are at the center of public debate and, in some cases, at the center of controversy. However, secularization remains the core of the modern world, although religion is likely to occupy a huge space. Based on the above analysis, we can say that the processes of secularization are not based on a specific standard in different societies, and in each society there is a certain limit. Based on historical analysis, modern definition and description, secularization is a complex  social  process  associated  with  the  role  of  religion  in  society,  and  can  be replaced by changing the order of religious traditions based on rational principles based on the principle of secularism.

This  article  reveals  new  informations  about  such  muhaddithes  of  Shash oasis  as  Imam  Abdullah  ibn  Avana  Shashi,  Abu  Sa’id  Isa  ibn  Selim  Shashi,  Abu Muhammad Ja’far ibn Shu’ayb Shashi, Abu Is’hak Ibrahim ibn Huzeym Shashi, Abu Ali Hasan ibn Sahib ibn Hamid hafiz Shashi and e.t.c.

This article is devoted to some features of the foreign policy of the People’s Republic of China on ensuring the stability of social and political processes in the states of  Central  Asia  and  promoting  economic  prosperity  of  the  region.  In  particular,  the essence of the Belt and Road Initiative, aimed at the consistent development of constructive, good-neighborly relations between China and the Central Asian states, as well as raising them to a new level by increasing the region’s potential, is revealed.

The article is devoted to the study of the method of word formation in modern Chinese using the «族zú» affix. It is known that the lexical stock of a language is constantly replenished  due  to  the  internal  capabilities  of  the  language  and  extracted  from  a  foreign language.  Of  course,  Chinese  is  no  exception.  Which  method  is  the  most  effective  for  a language, depends on a number of features of the language. In  Chinese,  affixing  is  the  second  most  productive  after  word  addition.  Like  the vocabulary of a language, its morphemic units are constantly replenished. In addition to the trend observed in world linguistics, the affix method is becoming more and more active in word formation in the Chinese language, therefore the number of affix units in the language is also increasing. One of the affixes that plays an important role in the construction of modern Chinese neologisms is 族 zú, which participates in the construction of a number of new words in the Chinese language. Most of these words refer to a noun and serve to denote a social group that has a specific character. Words formed with the participation of 族 zú are more involved in the formation of words that are applied to a specific group of people in accordance with their social status or role in social life. But, in our opinion, 族 zú is not a full affix unit, but a semi-affix.  Therefore,  when  words  are  formed  with  the  participation  of,  zú,  it  does  not completely  lose  its  original  meaning,  the  meaning  of  a  group  or  community.  Like  the vocabulary of a language, its morphemic units are constantly replenished. In  addition  to  the  trend  observed  in  world  linguistics,  the  method  of  affixation  in  the Chinese  language  is  becoming  more  and  more  active  in  word  formation,  therefore  the number of affix units present in the language is also increasing.

This article analyzes the strategy of Japan to develop an innovative economy in the country by creating technopolises. Object of the article - Japanese technopolises The  subject  of  the  article  is  the  experience  of  Japan  in  the  development  and  organization  of  a technopolis in the development of an innovative economy. The aim of the article is to study the system of organization of Japan’s technopolis, create conditions for scientific research and industrial application of the results of scientific research by technopolis clusters.

Scientific results of the article:

- The role of Japan in global innovation indicators and the nature of innovation policy are shown;

- substantiates the essence of the Japanese strategic program "Technopolis-90";

- The activity of Japanese technopolises is explained on the example of the technopolis Tsukuba.

This article is devoted to highlighting the place of the city of Tashkent in foreign trade relations in the second half of the 19th century based on materials from the archive. For this purpose, information about the importance of internal and external trade of the city of Tashkent is analyzed, the list of goods sent to domestic and foreign trade, the cost of goods, the number of goods, duties levied on these goods using the example of documents stored in the National Archives of Uzbekistan. It is known that the city of Tashkent has become one of the special links in the active trade center of the Great Silk Road since ancient times. Tashkent was a special city leading caravan trade besides with the regions of cattle-breeding nomads of Eurasia, intensively conducted trade and economic relations with the khanates of Central Asia, as well as with close and distant foreign countries, including China, the European and Siberian parts of Russia, East Turkestan,  Semirechye.  Craftsmen  who  lived  in specialized makhallas,  depending  on their occupation  for  the  production  of  certain  goods,  played  an  important  role  in  the  trade relations  of  the  city  of  Tashkent.  Therefore,  the  Tashkent  residents,  depending  on  their occupation,  were  called  mahallas  with the same  names.  For example,  "pichakchi"  -  knife makers, "misgarlik" - copper casting, "sagban" - psari, "ukchi" - arrows, "konchi" - tanners, "degrizon" - boiler makers, "egarchi" - saddle makers, etc. .d.  During the period under review, the bulk of Tashkent residents lived in country estates. For  example,  residents  of  the  Sebzor  mahalla  lived  in  Yunusabad,  Khasanbai,  Kokterak, residents of the Shaikhantakhur mahalla lived in Kokche, as well as in the direction of Salar-Karasu, Beshagach  residents  lived in the  Chopanata-Kani-Dombirabad  quarters,  etc.  and were engaged in gardening and brought the essential fruits to foreign trade. Rabats located around the city of Tashkent played a special role in carrying out the order of foreign trade operations, in solving the problems that arose in the collection of duties and heraj. Merchants from other countries stopped in caravanserais and their goods were stored in them, and  wholesale trade  was  also carried  out  here.  This  is  considered  as proof  that foreign trade played a special place in the economic life of the city of Tashkent. The  article  analyzes  information  about  the  number  of  caravans,  the  value  of  goods exported abroad, their quantity, transportation of goods, information about customs duties.

In this paper paper it is carried out comparative researches on one of the units of the Ethnolinguistics – comparison (as a method of analogy drawing in literature) etalons (standarts) which reflects itself national thought of peoples’, thier world outlook and mentality.

The article discusses the development of female creativity in the Saudi literature and provides an overview of the works of the most famous Saudi women writers nowadays. The central place in the works of Saudi writers takes the problem of the “women’s issues”, which is common for general Arabic literature as a whole at the stage of its formation, but which has its own peculiarities in Saudi literature, related to the preservation of the predominant role of men in matters of family and marriage.

The paper investigates the role of Islam in the social and political life of Iran after Islamic revolution and over the monarchy. The Islam influenced in the political and ideological spheres, when Shia clergy came to power. Where was at the head Imam Khumeyni  worked  contrary  to  former  regime  in  the  home  and  foreign  policy.  This  is forced the some countries to revise the foreign policy about of IRI.

The  article  is  devoted  to  the  local  form  of  Islam  in  Central  Asia,  which formed as a result of a symbiosis of pre-Islamic religious teachings and orthodox Islam. There are considered the penetration and syncretism  of Islam in the region. There are also  forms  of  shamanistic  and  Tengri’s  vestiges  which  were  shown  in  detail  after  it’s surviving in the form of folk rituals and rituals are.

The article is about the creativity of poets who lived in Golkonda in the 17th century during the reign of the Kutubshah dynasty, such as Mulla Gavasi and about his book Sharkhi Margub al-Kulub and Shahadat al-hakika, Mulla Vajahi, about his masnavi "Irshadnama”.

This article analyzes ethical views of the great scientist, thinker Mahmud  Zamakhshari  through  studying  various  stories,  narratives,  advices  and  symbols  in  his works. The article investigates his approach on the major ethical concept in the medieval era – theory of internal and the external beauty. His philosophical views, in particular his views of moral of human being are examined.

This article considers information about the scientific heritage of Mirza Yusufkhan ibn Etisomi, a contemporary representative of modern Iranian Literature and culture. Author’s difficult scientific activity as an interpreter, a writer, a publisher and also his unique works for the people of Iran and society have been described in the article.

This article gives some insight into the role of the media – the press of time and television in the development  and  popularization  of  the  Arabic  literary  language.  In  addition  to  using  the  Arabic  literary language as the language of international communication, the language of fiction, the Arabic literary language is used as the language of instruction in administrative and administrative documents of schools and educational institutions, social and political, educational and in scientific literature. The fact that the Arab countries are so numerous also suggests that each Arab country has its own regional literary language.

This article deals with the use of manuscripts in the study of the history of the Kokand Khanate, which has its place in the history of the Uzbek statehood. More than 180,000 Manchu language documents stored in the First Social Sciences Archive of the People's Republic of China contain important information about the relationship of the Kokand Khanate with the Roman Empire. Studying this issue is a great importance for the history of Uzbekistan.

The article is devoted to the role of the history of Ismailism and its movements. The article discusses some historical data on the emergence of Ismaili as one of the trends of Shiism, especially its dogma and the role its sects in the history of Muslim countries.