International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
27
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijhps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue05 2025
PAGE NO.
27-30
10.37547/ijhps/Volume05Issue05-07
Stages of Development of Political Parties in Uzbekistan
Davron MANSUROV
Teacher of the Department of Military and Sports Journalism of the University of Journalism and Mass Communications of Uzbekistan
Received:
24 March 2025;
Accepted:
20 April 2025;
Published:
22 May 2025
Abstract:
The article analyzes the development leaders of the political parties operating in the process of
deepening democratic reforms and the formation of civil society in the Republic of Uzbekistan, and the ideologies
they rely on.
Keywords:
Political party, ideology, civil society, democracy, political pluralism, electorate.
Introduction:
Political parties are one of the most
important institutions of civil society. In democratic
countries, political parties as an active participant in
political processes have become an increasingly
important factor in the formation of state bodies and
the adoption of political decisions. It has been proven
that political parties are an institution related to both
the state sphere and civil society at the same time. As
stated by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Shavkat Mirziyoyev, "it serves to strengthen multi-
partyism, to increase the role of political parties in the
life of the state and society, to ensure the effectiveness
of the representative bodies of the authorities."[1].
It is impossible to imagine the establishment of a legal
democratic state and civil society in the newly
independent Republic of Uzbekistan without the
activity of political parties. The reason is that political
parties are a democratic institution between the
society and the government, and reflect various
political needs and legal interests of social strata and
groups, as well as their electorate.
The term "party" is derived from the Latin word "parts",
which means "part, piece". "Political party" means a
political organization that represents the interests of
social groups and unites their most active
representatives. [2].
1-article of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On
Political Parties" defines the concept of a political party,
as well as the task of political parties: "A political party
is a common vision, interests and goals of the citizens
of the Republic of Uzbekistan It is a voluntary
association formed on the basis of the formation of
state authorities, which strives to realize the political
will of a certain part of the society and participates in
the will of the state and public affairs through its
representatives. [3].
Analysis of literature on the topic
. In explaining the
role of political parties in the life of the state and
society, the issues of scientific justification of
competition between parties and their future
prospects, Juraev S[4], Kyrgyzboev M[5], Mamadaliev
Sh[6], Usarov O[ 7], Berdikulov S[8], Bekov I[9], Khalilov
E[10], Saidova L[11], Azizov N[12], Odilkoriev Kh[13],
Saidov A[14], Qudratkhujaev Sh[ 15], scientists of our
country such as Joraev Q[16] and Kasimova N[17] in
their monographs, methodological manuals and
scientific researches related to the improvement of the
effectiveness of the press system of political parties
and scientific research related to the legal bases and
mechanisms of this process carried out.
METHODOLOGY
The problem studied in this article is focused on the
illumination of scientific research using methods such
as theoretical (analytical synthetic, comparative
comparison), historical, systematic, statistical and
literary data analysis.
RESULTS
The establishment of a multi-party system in our
country and the active participation of political parties
in social life is the main guarantee for the
establishment of a democratic legal state and civil
society. Today, by further developing the legal
foundations of political parties, expanding their
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
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International Journal Of History And Political Sciences (ISSN
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2771-2222)
participation in the formation of legislative bodies and
the importance of competition between them in the
development of national statehood is still one of the
important tasks.
Based on the above considerations and taking into
account the role of political parties in social and
political life, they can be defined as follows:
First, political parties appear as public organizations in
which every citizen or group can advance their political
interests.
Secondly, political parties are public organizations that
express the color of politics. Because the main goal of
each political party is to realize its interests by seizing
political power.
Thirdly, each political party appears as an instrument
for influencing the psychology and mood of society
through its ideological influence and methods. This will
increase the political activity of the population.
Fourthly, political parties play an important role in the
formation of political cadres and through them the
political elite of the country.
In foreign countries, parties are even understood as a
unique element of the organization of social systems,
the system-creating basis. For example, they talk about
the characteristics of party democracy or partocratic
regimes in the same sense. In particular, Article 1 of the
Law on Parties of the GFR [18] states: "Parties are a
necessary constitutional-legal component of the
foundations of a free democratic system." [19].
At the beginning of the 20th century, a number of
societies, organizations, movements and parties began
to emerge in the territory of Uzbekistan. In our view,
the following are essential to achieve:
first, the number of workers among the population of
Turkestan is very low. Even if it is, it is mainly located in
cities or in settlements near railways;
secondly, the middle class of the city - intellectuals,
officials, owners, craftsmen - played a role in political
life;
thirdly, religion and politics are not conceived in
isolation. Religious people had great influence in the
political field and among the population;
fourthly, peasants began to be more and more involved
in the country's political life;
fifthly, The formation and development of Turkestan
political parties were influenced by external factors and
forces. For this reason, the political parties that came
from Russia - social-democratic, social-revolutionary,
monarchist, constitutional-democratic, etc. could not
find their electorate among the local population of
Turkestan, and this did not lead to the support of these
parties by the population.
All these characteristics of political parties achieve
positive results in the conditions of legal competition
and contribute to the development of the state and
society. Today, precisely for this reason, in the
deepening of democratic processes and the
development of civil society, the development of
competition between political parties within the
framework of the law, rather than political competition
in the country, appears as the main goal and direction.
Legal inter-party competition is inextricably linked with
the concept of fair competition in the political culture
of citizens.
Political parties have a direct influence on the structure
of the constitutional legislation of the government,
influencing its changes and activities. In addition,
political parties, in most cases, determine the mutual
relations between the branches of power, perform the
functions of control and influence. For example, in the
conditions of parliamentary governance, political
parties can perform the task of implementing
parliamentary control over state power and
determining the directions of this control, or modifying
the existing method of power, etc.
Experts associate the history of the first parties with
ancient Greece. According to him, political parties are
formed on the basis of territorial division. Interestingly,
the first organized political forces were negatively
evaluated by Plato, Aristotle and other scholars. In
particular, Aristotle wrote about the current struggle
and competition between the three main political
parties in ancient Greece - citizens living on the sea
coast, the plains, and the mountainous regions, and
noted that these parties can undermine social integrity
and national unity [20].
Historical sources testify that in ancient Rome, the
concept of "party" was mainly used to denote a group
that supported the policies of one or another emperor
(for example, Caesar or Sulla).
Political parties in the Middle Ages were created in the
context of social disagreements between the feudal
lords and other classes, when the conflicts in society
increased.
Parties in their current form were formed in Europe in
the second half of the 19th century. In this sense, we
can see political parties as a political institution that
arose in the European cultural system and later spread
to other cultural regions of the modern world. In
Western political science, parties are often defined by
the role they play in electoral processes [21].
The following confirms our views:
the existence of a party structure to ensure continuity
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
29
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International Journal Of History And Political Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2222)
and continuity in functioning, regular communication
between local and national bodies;
entry of party members into power at the general and
local level;
maintaining power by implementing party programs; to
take care of his supporters and colleagues;
- taking measures to gain public support.
In science, there are many opinions about the existence
of parties in the country, in the political system and
entering into mutual relations. Parties form a set of
relatively stable relations among themselves and in the
political system. This set of structures and relations can
be called a party system. The party system is one of the
important structures in the political system of society
[22].
According to the political scientist B.A. Isaev, "The set
of parliamentary parties in the country, their
interrelationship and interaction, and the position of
each party, taking into account the political prestige of
each party, is called a party system."[23]. It is known
that political parties, fighting for a certain idea in
society, interact in this process. They compete with
each other, form alliances, and cooperate. Based on
this, the mutual relations between the parties
operating legally (legitimately) in the country are called
the party system.
The history of the activity of political parties in the
Republic of Uzbekistan is conventionally divided into
three stages.
The first stage covers the period from the beginning of
the 19th century to 1924.
It is worth noting that dealing with the council in
managing the state is found in all political literature
created in the Turonzam. Therefore, it is clear from
history that the predecessors of the parties, sometimes
in secular and sometimes religious forms, first settled
in Central Asia. As an example, we can cite movements
that have their own ideological views, such as
sarbadors and hurufis[24].
The second stage of the development of political
parties in our country includes the period from 1924 to
1991. This stage has a place in history as it was a period
of one-partyism in the country.
The third stage of the development of political parties
covers the period from 1991 to the present.
The independence of Uzbekistan gave great gifts such
as independent reforms in all spheres and self-
determination. As a result of the Law "On Public
Associations in the Republic of Uzbekistan" establishing
the legal basis for the formation of a multi-party system
in the country, the process of emergence of new
political parties began.
Political parties compete with each other to actively
represent interests in society. D. Epter's following
comments about this are noteworthy: "The party
consists of a complex of interests and beliefs supported
by many people. They are engaged in open
competition, thereby ensuring the mobility of the
system" [25]. This is reflected in their program. The
program of a political party is an important criterion
that represents the path, ideology, and interest of the
electorate.
CONCLUSIONS
Political parties, as one of the most important subjects
of democratic governance, express the development of
society through their views. For this, any party, if it
considers itself a political party, must first of all have a
clear idea and oppose something or someone. Such a
situation and such an approach should be clearly
known to the supporters of the party and people who
believe in it, as well as the community.
Therefore, every political party should inform the
general public of its programmatic goals and objectives,
promote it, and achieve a regular increase in the
number of electorates and supporters, for this, the
image of its printed publications and various modern
forms of communication with the general public are
effective. should be used. The presence of various
political parties in the political system, fighting for
power or active participation in the exercise of power
is a guarantee of the implementation of political
processes in a democratic order, mutual competition
and cooperation.
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