Vol. 5 No. 05 (2025): Volume 05 Issue 05

This article examines historical information about the Tashkent oasis found in ancient and medieval written sources. It evaluates the significance of information regarding ancient cities, fortresses, major villages, communication systems, productive forces, and the mining industry for studying the history of the oasis.

In this article, the communication system in the Turkestan ASSR, the history and stages of the communication system, telegraph and post, railway and railway infrastructure, telecommunication networks and the development of telecommunication infrastructure, the history of the formation of television and radio, mobile communication and the Internet system are discussed in this article.

The article discusses the establishment of Soviet power in Turkestan, the essence of the Soviet management system, the activities of national leadership personnel who worked in the Council of People's Commissars of Turkestan, and their activities in the regional management system. In it, based on archival and important sources, the political activities of national leaders in the interests of Turkestan are highlighted. The article notes the specifics of the work activities of national leadership personnel, the ideas they have put forward, the goals they have set for themselves, and the practical processes for achieving these goals.

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a vast global infrastructure development strategy adopted by the Chinese government. Within Southeast Asia, the CLMV countries—Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam—are key participants due to their strategic location and development needs. This article examines the political economy aspects of BRI implementation in the CLMV region and analyzes their implications for the relationships between these countries and China. Drawing on recent literature, it explores the motivations for CLMV participation, the nature of BRI projects, the economic and political impacts, and the resulting dynamics in bilateral relations. The analysis reveals that while BRI offers potential economic benefits through infrastructure development, it also presents challenges related to debt sustainability, environmental concerns, social impacts, and sovereignty. These factors significantly shape the political and economic interactions between CLMV nations and China, leading to a complex interplay of cooperation, dependence, and occasional friction.

This research study examines the foreign policy approaches of the modern Republic of Turkey and analyzes the essence of foreign policy concepts developed by the state. The article also investigates the turning points in foreign policy, focusing on the shift away from solely Western alternatives and the movement towards Eastern orientations. Furthermore, the paper explores the methods of utilizing “soft power” components in Turkey’s foreign policy and discusses its institutional mechanisms.

It is well-known that the Republic of Turkey, beginning in the 1990s, initiated an active movement to establish itself as a central state, which has led to its formation as a true regional power today. Currently, the Republic’s progression from a regional power towards a global power is reflected in the statements of government leaders and politicians. In particular, this is evident in the declarations of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, such as “The world is bigger than five”, “It is possible to build a fair world” and “If theres an opportunity to join the SCO, why should we say no”.

The article examines the key stages of formation and development of the organizational activities of the Physics and Technology Institute. It analyzes the historical prerequisites for the institute’s establishment, its role in the country’s scientific and technological progress, changes in management structures, methods of organizing scientific work, and cooperation with other scientific institutions. Special attention is given to current trends and challenges in the context of the digital transformation of science.

This article describes the social, political and military conditions of the people of Dashti Kipchak mentioned in historical works. Also, a brief analysis of the main activities of Kipchaks will be given. Based on the analysis of sources, opinions about Shayban ulus and their transition to settlement are presented.

This article examines land ownership relations in the Bukhara Khanate during the rule of the Ashtarkhanid dynasty (1601–1756). It analyzes the legal and economic nature of land tenure. The study explores the role of these relations in state governance, social stratification, and agrarian policy. Particular attention is given to highlighting the role of the land ownership system in ensuring political stability and economic development, based on historical sources.

This article explores the ecological transformation processes and the implementation of «Green economy» principles in the Arab world. It examines national strategies for sustainable development, investments in renewable energy, and the pivotal role of international cooperation. Particular attention is given to the experiences of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Morocco, and Egypt as leading regional actors in this domain. The study highlights the increasing significance of the green agenda in shaping contemporary political and economic priorities across the region.

The article analyzes the development leaders of the political parties operating in the process of deepening democratic reforms and the formation of civil society in the Republic of Uzbekistan, and the ideologies they rely on.

This article covers the formation and development of the jadidism movement on the basis of the educational and cultural ties established by the jadids of Turkestan with foreign countries, foreign education and experience. Through the work of intellectuals such as Abdurauf Fitrat, Munavvarqori Abdurashidkhanov, Fayzulla Khojaev, the role of international experience in national awakening and modernization has been analyzed.It also reveals on a scientific basis the influence of international relations on the development of jadidist ideas.

The article examines the history of the Jizzakh Horde, one of the main cities of the Jizzakh oasis located in the center of the Transoxiana River, from the 14th to the 19th centuries, based on archaeological and written sources. It is scientifically proven that the Jizzakh Horde was restored during the reign of Amir Temur after the Mongol invasion and acquired the status of an important military-strategic city, and that during the period of the Central Asian khanates, the Horde functioned as the economic and administrative center of the Jizzakh oasis.