Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
42
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
42-49
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In this article, the real situation of the medical and health measures implemented in the labor protection of the
workers of the industrial enterprises operating in Andijan region in the 1947s-1970s of the last century and the labor
conditions of the workers and servants, engineers and technicians of these measures are discussed. information about
its importance in ensuring protection is provided.
KEYWORDS
Chimyon" resort, Sanitary posts, Medical prophylactics, Rest houses, Sanatoriums, Lokal trade unions, 1st aid boxes.
INTRODUCTION
The industry of Andijan, Namangan, and Fergana
regions had a special place in the economy of the
Uzbek SSR even during the former Soviet regime. In
Andijan, Namangan, and Fergana regions, in the 1947s-
1970s of the last century, many industrial enterprises
belonging to various branches of industry were
operating, and thousands of engineers and
technicians, workers and servants from different
regions of the region worked in these enterprises. The
existing labor protection processes in industrial
enterprises were not in the same state during the 1950s
and 1980s of the last century. Especially in the 1950s In
many factories and plants in the regions, the medical
services and rehabilitation measures introduced for
workers and employees were not up to the level of
demand. In this process, although the medical and
Research Article
SOME OPINIONS ABOUT THE MEDICAL AND HEALTH CARE MEASURES
IMPLEMENTED IN THE FRAMEWORK OF LABOR PROTECTION OF
WORKERS IN THE 1947-1970S OF THE LAST CENTURY IN THE INDUSTRIAL
ENTERPRISES IN ANDIJAN REGION
Submission Date:
December 07, 2024,
Accepted Date:
December 12, 2024,
Published Date:
December 17, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijhps/Volume04Issue12-08
Turgunov Sherzod
Doktoral student at the department of History of Uzbekistan Ferhgana State Universiity, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijhps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
43
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2222)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
42-49
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
wellness activities for workers and employees are
clearly defined in separate clauses of the collective
labor agreements signed between the enterprise
administration and the local trade union in industrial
enterprises, these obligations on the part of the
enterprise administration incomplete. Especially
during this period, no effective measures were taken
to restore the health of workers working in factories
and factories under difficult working conditions. Later,
starting in the 1970s, certain positive changes began to
occur in the medical services provided to engineers and
technicians, workers, and employees at industrial
enterprises in the Andijan, Namangan, and Fergana
regions. That is, as in all regions of the Soviet Union,
with the implementation of innovations in the field of
medicine in industrial enterprises in the Andijan,
Namangan, and Fergana regions, positive changes
began to be implemented in the medical and health
care processes provided to workers and employees at
these enterprises.
METHODS
In independent Uzbekistan, large-scale reforms are
being implemented at the state level today to improve
the economic and social situation of the broad masses
of the population and provide them with a prosperous
lifestyle. In this process, the main goal is to provide
permanent jobs to the unemployed part of the
population and to lift the poor part of the population
out of poverty. In this process, the importance of labor
protection, medical and health-improving measures
created for newly established industrial enterprises
and their workers and employees is very great. The
importance of the topic covered in the article is that by
studying the actual state of practical measures taken
to protect the working conditions of workers, maintain
their health, and meaningfully organize their free time
from production in industrial enterprises operating in
various regions of the national republics during the
former Soviet regime, and by correctly explaining this
situation to the younger generation, representatives of
the younger generation, as well as our compatriots of
all age groups, today It is of great importance in
illuminating the true meaning and significance of the
reforms being implemented by our government to
ensure the economic, social, and physical well-being of
the population, as well as in developing a sense of
appreciation for such a prosperous life.
IMPLEMENTATION OF RESEARCH
In the course of the research, the achievements and
shortcomings in improving the working conditions of
engineers and technicians, workers and employees of
industrial enterprises operating in the Andijan, region
in the 1946s-1980s, and in improving the state of
medical and health care services at these enterprises,
were studied. The funds on the activities of industrial
enterprises stored in the State Archives of Andijan
regions as well as the official publication of the Andijan
regional party committee and the Regional Council, the
newspaper "Kommunist", the official publication of
the Andijan regional party committee and the Regional
Council, the newspaper "Stalin Haqiqati (Namangan
Haqiqati from the 1960s), the official publication of the
Fergana regional party committee and the Regional
Council, and the newspaper "Kommuna", the official
publication of the Fergana regional party committee
and the Regional Council, were analyzed. The
necessary information was obtained as a result of
studying and analyzing articles published in issues
published in the 1947s-1970s.
In this process, the processes of collecting information
for the article were studied in the Zahiriddin
Muhammad Babur Information Library Center in
Andijan, the Nodirabegim Information Library Center in
Namangan, and the Ahmad al-Farghani Information
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OCLC
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Publisher:
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Library Center in Fergana, Fergana region, and the
collections of the Ahmad al-Farghani Information
Library Center were studied and important information
related to the scientific research work was obtained. In
this process, the issues of the newspapers
"Communist", "Stalin Haqiqiti (since 1960, called
Namangan Haqiqiti") "Kommuna" published in the
1947s-1970s and the funds of the State Archives of
Andijan, Namangan, and Fergana regions were
reviewed in chronological order. Almost all issues of
these newspapers contained an industrial news
column. This column contains important events taking
place in the industrial sector in the region. news,
achievements in the working conditions created for
workers and employees at industrial enterprises, as
well as existing shortcomings, measures taken to
preserve the health of workers and restore their
working capacity and increase their productivity, in
particular, practical work carried out to restore and
strengthen the health of workers in sanatoriums,
resorts and rest homes, and the material and technical
condition of industrial enterprises, innovations
implemented in production processes, innovative and
rationalization activities at industrial enterprises, as
well as achievements and shortcomings in the
fulfillment of labor obligations imposed by the state by
factories and factories in the region. Comparative
methods were also used in the process of studying this
information. In this process, the working conditions
created for workers and labor protection of workers at
industrial enterprises in the central regions of the
Soviet Union during this period, especially in industrial
enterprises in the RSFSR or in republics located in the
central regions of the Soviet Union, such as the
Ukrainian SSR and the Belarusian SSR, and the factories
and factories in these regions A comparative analysis
was made of the latest equipment and devices
introduced into production processes in factories, their
advantages, and their importance in ensuring the labor
protection of workers, with the information provided
in this newspapers.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
During the former Soviet regime, the following
institutions were responsible for creating decent
working conditions for employees of industrial
enterprises in the Uzbek SSR, protecting their labor,
providing them with qualified medical care, providing
first-aid to workers injured and suffering from
occupational diseases during the production process
at industrial enterprises, and providing them with
social insurance. These were:
-Promstrakhkassalar - that is, production insurance
funds
-Medical departments of factories and plants
-
Factory and plant’s local committees of trade unions
within the Trade Union Council (FZMK).
These institutions have performed tasks such as
establishing first aid points for workers and employees
at industrial enterprises, organizing first aid boxes
filled with medicines for first aid, and providing them
with the necessary medical and pharmaceutical means,
providing qualified medical care to engineers and
technicians, workers and employees injured in
production, paying social insurance funds to workers
who have lost their ability to work due to illness during
production, and sending them to hospitals,
sanatoriums, resorts, and rest homes. n particular, in
1947, the Regional Industrial Social Insurance Fund in
Andijan region spent 16,000 Soviet rubles to repair its
medical stations and provide them with necessary
medicines. In addition, in order to popularize a healthy
lifestyle among employees of industrial enterprises,
medical consultations and meetings were organized
together with doctors working in regional hospitals,
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International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
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OCLC
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Publisher:
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and 14,000 soums were spent on these events.[ 1. 1
page]
In Andijan city, in 1947-1950, the medical department of
the Regional Industrial Insurance Fund operated
regularly. This medical center provided qualified
medical services to workers working in industrial
enterprises. However, the large number of workers
from artels and other industrial enterprises and, in
turn, the small number of medical center staff (there
were 1 paramedic and 2 nurses working in the medical
center) limited the process of providing emergency
medical care to workers in need of medical care.
However, despite this, the medical staff of this medical
center provided emergency medical care to 1,030
workers from industrial enterprises in the region
during 1947.This medical center, in collaboration with
the regional health department, organized an in-depth
medical examination for employees of industrial
enterprises in the region, and during these medical
examinations, 400 employees of industrial enterprises
underwent medical examinations, 102 of whom were
minor employees of artels.[2.3th page].
At the end of this medical examination, 40 of the
workers and employees who underwent a medical
examination were found to be in need of medical
treatment and were referred to hospitals for
treatment. In addition, minor workers who were found
to be anemic during this medical examination were
sent to rest homes in the region. Health care was
carried out not only among workers, but also among
their children. In particular, in 1947, a health care center
was established by the Andijan Regional Prosperity
Insurance Fund, and in June, July, and August of this
year, 160 children of workers and employees of
industrial enterprises in the region were treated at this
health care center. In the development of a healthy
lifestyle among employees of industrial enterprises,
sanitary posts organized in the workshops of these
industrial enterprises have a special place. Responsible
personnel from each workshop are assigned to these
sanitary posts. Although not all sanitary posts
organized in artels operate at the required level, the
activities of sanitary posts in some industrial
enterprises are well organized. In particular, the
activities of sanitary posts organized in the 5th
workshop of the “Bolshevik” artel located in Andijan
city (responsible person Gapparov), 30th workshop
sanitary post (responsible person Qodirov), 2nd
workshop sanitary post of the “Mehnat Guli” artel
(responsible person Ibragimov), 10th workshop
sanitary post of the “Pillakash” artel (responsible
person Zokirov), and the “Kizil Batyr” artel sanitary
post (responsible person Lushanskaya) can be
positively assessed.Short-term courses were organized
by doctors of the Regional Health Department for
responsible persons at sanitary posts established at
industrial enterprises within a specified period. In such
courses, doctors explained the concepts and
instructions on infectious diseases and their
prevention to the sanitary post managers.
For example, in such short-term courses organized in
1947, doctors provided the necessary information to
the heads of sanitary posts about tuberculosis, rabies,
and gastrointestinal diseases. In 1946-1947, 117 first-aid
boxes were established at sanitary posts at industrial
enterprises in the Andijan region, and these boxes
were provided with the necessary medicines.[3.4-5th
pages]
Sending employees of industrial enterprises in
Andijan region to resort:
Work to restore the health of industrial enterprise
employees and increase their labor productivity by
sending them to rest homes and resorts located in the
Andijan region and other regions of the Uzbek SSR, as
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
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International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
(ISSN
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2771-2222)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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42-49
OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
well as in various republics of the former USSR, was
also organized in 1947-1948.
In 1947, the Andijan Oblpromstrakhkassa (regional
industrial insurance fund) sent 21 employees of
industrial enterprises in the region to resorts, 35 to
health sanatoriums, and 161 to rest homes. Referrals to
rest homes were given to patients identified as a result
of a thorough medical examination. In particular,
during 1947, many employees who were identified as
needing treatment as a result of a thorough medical
examination were sent for treatment to the
Shohimardon rest home (Fergana region of the Uzbek
SSR), the Jalalabad rest home (Jalalabad region of the
Kyrgyz SSR), and the Omsk rest home (Omsk region of
the Russian Federation).In the annual plan prepared by
the Andijan regional industrial insurance fund for 1948,
it was planned to allocate 50 tickets to resorts for
employees of industrial enterprises, 65 tickets to
sanatoriums, and 215 tickets to rest homes. The price
of tickets for sanatoriums was set at 1,500 soums, while
the price of tickets for rest homes was set at 450
soums. In addition, in the second quarter of 1948, it
was planned to organize excursions to various regions
for artel workers, and 3,000 soums were allocated for
such events.
Also, 50 referrals to sanatoriums and 43 to rest homes
were allocated to employees of industrial enterprises
in the region. Also, 107 referrals to sanatorium-
prophylactic institutions were issued to employees of
factories. As mentioned above, additional food
supplies were also organized for treatment for
employees, and in 1965, 3,600 soums were allocated
from the social insurance fund for this purpose.The
local committees of factories and plants (FZMK)
provided temporary disability benefits to 1,243
employees of industrial enterprises in the region,
pensions to 385 pregnant employees, 32 employees
with children, and funeral benefits to the family
members of 13 deceased employees.[4.15-18th pages]
121 employees were provided with referrals to
sanatoriums on condition of paying 25% of the referral
fee, while 89 were provided with referrals to rest
homes in the same manner. Factory and plant workers
themselves purchased 12 tickets for sanatoriums and
10 tickets for rest homes from their own funds, subject
to full payment of the ticket fee. In 1965, 5 sanatoriums
subordinate to the Andijan Regional Council of Trade
Unions operated in the Andijan region. The total
number of beds in them was 150. During the year, 131of
the 176tickets rented for rest in these sanatoriums fell
on the share of employees of industrial enterprises in
the region. Temporary incapacity for work was
observed more often among employees of machine-
building enterprises, wood processing enterprises in
the region, as well as among employees of oil refining
and chemical industries. During 1965, there were many
cases of acute respiratory diseases, neuritis, radiculitis,
bronchitis, and other diseases typical for women
among workers of industrial enterprises. Unlike other
industrial enterprises, underage workers worked in
textile and garment enterprises of the region. Among
such workers, there were more cases of diseases
typical for children. Cases of temporary incapacity for
work among underage workers accounted for about
30% of the total cases of temporary incapacity for
work.[5.25th page]
According to the report prepared by the Social
Insurance Department of the Andijan Regional Council
of Trade Unions in 1970, the number of days of
incapacity for work due to illness per 100 workers
decreased by 173 days compared to 1969. As a result,
146 thousand were saved from temporary incapacity
for work benefits. The “Prevention and Health Fund”
was established to provide services to employees at
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the expense of these saved funds. During this year,
1083 referrals were allocated for sanatoriums for the
purpose of social insurance of workers and engineers
of industrial enterprises, of which 126 were for
engineers and 957 for workers. In addition, 1496
referrals were issued for treatment in rest homes, of
which 139 were for engineers and 1,357 are allocated
for workers. In addition to hotels and rest homes, it is
planned to allocate 197 passes for workers and
engineers to rest at tourist bases.[6. 10-12th pages]
In 1970, a total of 872 female employees working in
textile enterprises in Andijan region were paid 4,962
soums in connection with maternity leave.
In 1970, 716 disabled employees of the 3rd group, who
were participants in World War II, also worked in the
textile and light industry enterprises of the region.
Such employees were paid disability benefits
throughout the year. However, the sad fact is that the
working conditions created for them in industrial
enterprises were not up to the required level.
According to the information presented at the 14th
general report meeting of the Textile Industry and
Light Industry Enterprises Workers' Union within the
Andijan Regional Trade Union Council dedicated to the
results of 1970; during the year, 338 thousand soums
were paid from the social insurance fund to employees
working in textile and light industry enterprises for
temporary disability benefits instead of 283 thousand
soums set at the beginning of the year. In addition, a
total of 164 thousand soums were paid to female
employees as pregnancy benefits and bonuses for
having a child.[7.20-25th pages]
The Committee of Trade Unions of Textile Industry and
Light Industry Enterprises provided 214 referrals for
treatment and rest in sanatoriums for employees
working in this system during the year. 30 of these
referrals were provided to employees free of charge.
Out of 369 referrals provided for rest homes, 82 were
provided to employees free of charge.According to
doctors' recommendations, 598 workers and their
family members were treated in sanatoriums and
preventive clinics. In the summer and partly autumn
seasons, 98 workers were given referrals for rest at
tourist bases. A total of 54.7 thousand soums were
spent on tourist trips and medical nutrition on doctor's
recommendations. Most of the referrals for treatment
fell on workers of chemical textile enterprises
operating in the region. This was due to the lack of
adequate working conditions and sanitary procedures
for workers at artificial fiber weaving enterprises.The
average monthly salary of workers of textile and light
industry enterprises in 1970 increased by 4 soums from
the average salary in 1969 and amounted to 102 soums.
In 1970, as a result of unfavorable working conditions
at industrial enterprises, the number of days of
incapacity for work of employees increased from
88,780 days in 1969 to 100,304 days. As a result, 49,900
additional insurance payments were paid from the
social insurance fund to employees who temporarily
lost their ability to work compared to the plan
established at the beginning of the year. Such negative
situations were especially common at cotton
processing plants operating in the region. Therefore, in
cooperation with the Andijan regional health
department, sanatoriums and preventive health
centers were established at some cotton processing
plants. In particular, a sanatorium-preventive health
center with 50 beds was established at the Moscow
cotton factory located in Andijan, and during 1970,
more than 450 employees were treated in this
sanatorium and preventive health center and managed
to restore their health. In order to provide this
sanatorium-preventive center with material and
technical support and the necessary medicines, 26,500
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OCLC
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soums were allocated from the Social Insurance Fund.
In order to provide children of employees of textile and
food industries with an enjoyable time during the
summer vacation, 887 children of employees were
provided with summer camp passes. 60% of the cost of
these passes was paid for by the local committees of
the factory trade unions. In addition, 9 free camp
passes were provided to employees.[8.30-32th pages]
CONCLUSION
Such conclusions were formed in the process of
studying and analyzing the archival documents of
industrial enterprises operating in the region from 1947
to 1970, stored in the funds of the Andijan Regional
State Archive, as well as the archival documents of the
Andijan Regional Council of Trade Unions. Although
the programs and instructions of the CPSU, the ruling
party in the Soviet Union, made great promises to
create comfortable working conditions and a
prosperous material lifestyle for workers and
employees, which were considered the striking force
of the Communist Party, in practice, in 1947-1970, the
medical services provided to engineers and
technicians, workers and employees working in various
branches of industry and the processes of sending
them to various sanatoriums and health resorts to
restore their health were not up to the required level,
and although large amounts of funds were allocated
for medical services and medical equipment in
factories and factories, the tasks set for medical and
health improvement were mainly stated in official
documents. It was found that the level of health care
provided to engineers and technicians, workers and
employees in industrial enterprises in the Andijan
region was not satisfactory. In particular, the number
of negative situations such as injuries to workers in
production processes and occupational diseases in
factories and factories producing mechanical
engineering and chemical products in the Andijan
region did not decrease, indicating that medical and
health care measures, which are considered an
important aspect of labor protection for workers, were
not in demand at industrial enterprises in the region.
Since the 1960s, there have been some positive
changes in the medical services provided to engineers
and technicians, workers and employees in industrial
enterprises in the Andijan region and their referral to
health care institutions to improve their health and, as
a result, develop their working capacity. However, due
to the moral obsolescence of existing production
equipment in industrial enterprises, the failure of air
purification equipment in factories and factories to
function at the required level, the unsatisfactory state
of industrial sanitation requirements in industrial
enterprises, and the poor quality of personal
protective equipment provided to workers and
employees, workers and employees are injured as a
result of man-made accidents. Negative processes
have continued, such as temporary or permanent loss
of working capacity, rheumatism, respiratory diseases,
and severe liver dysfunction in chemical production
plants.
By comparing the processes studied in the article with
the medical and health-improving measures being
implemented for workers working in industrial
enterprises operating in the Republic of Uzbekistan, in
particular in factories and factories operating in the
Andijan region, we can see that today in the Republic
of Uzbekistan, the head of state and the government
are implementing many positive measures to maintain
the health of workers and provide them with quality
medical services. Of course, in this process, the human
factor is given a high place in the social policy being
pursued by the head of state and the government of
our country today.
Volume 04 Issue 12-2024
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VOLUME
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OCLC
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