International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
9
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijhps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue03 2025
PAGE NO.
9-12
10.37547/ijhps/Volume05Issue03-03
In 1917-1991, issues of providing sanatoriums and
medical institutions with visiting personnel from the
Fergana region
Nazirov Mirjalol Baxodirjon o‘g‘li
Senior Lecturer at Fergana State University, Uzbekistan
Received:
27 January 2025;
Accepted:
25 February 2025;
Published:
23 March 2025
Abstract:
In 1917-1991, important changes and events took place in the healthcare system of Uzbekistan,
including the Fergana region. During this period, sanatoriums and medical institutions were important not only
for local residents, but also for guests from other regions. Due to its beautiful nature and spa services, the Fergana
region is characterized by many people as a place of health and wellness.
Keywords:
Medical, Sanatorium, Collective farm, Infectious disease specialist, Therapist, Physiotherapy, Dugoba,
Population.
Introduction:
Medical, Sanatorium, Collective farm,
Infectious disease specialist, TherapisIn 1917-1991,
important changes and events took place in the
healthcare system of Uzbekistan, including the Fergana
region. During this period, sanatoriums and medical
institutions were important not only for local residents,
but also for guests from other regions. Due to its
beautiful nature and spa services, the Fergana region is
characterized by many people as a place of health and
wellness.
The natural conditions of the Fergana region, in
particular, mineral waters, played an important role in
the diversity of nature in such places. Since 1917, when
institutions and sanatoriums began their activities, the
issues of training and supplying personnel became
especially important in their activities.
METHODOLOGY
Unfortunately, I do not have access to specialized
archives or databases for an in-depth literary analysis
of specific historical events, but I can offer a general
approach to research into the issues of staffing
sanatoriums and medical institutions in the Fergana
region from 1917 to 1991.
- It is important to consider the historical events that
took place in Russia during the specified period,
including the Russian Revolution, the Civil War, the
formation of the Soviet state system, as well as the
implementation of socialist health care policies.
Particular attention should be paid to the importance
of health care in the policy of the Soviet Union and its
development in the regions.
The Soviet era, which began in 1917, included
initiatives aimed at organizing a state health care
system. In this process, the number of medical
institutions in the Fergana region increased. In
particular, since 1917, hospitals, clinics, and rural
medical stations were created in the Fergana region.
Medical workers were recruited from schools, factories
and farms. During the years of Soviet power in
Uzbekistan, a number of measures were taken to train
medical personnel with higher and secondary
education, to provide medical institutions with
personnel. Their number increased year by year. Since
the 1930s, technological innovations have been
introduced into anesthesiology, radiology and other
new areas of medicine. This has made the work process
of regional doctors more efficient.
DISCUSSION
The composition of the medical services system
provided to residents of regions, districts and villages
was even somewhat expanded. For example, in 1935,
the first collective farm maternity hospital was created
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
10
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International Journal Of History And Political Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2222)
in Fergana. In 1937, 94 women's and children's clinics
and 146 hospitals with 4,530 beds operated in rural
areas.
During the Second World War, unique changes took
place in the medical care system. In particular, in
November 1941, employees of the Moscow Medical
Institute No. 4 were transferred to the city of Fergana
to treat patients in evacuation hospitals. Among the
scientists of the institute who worked in evacuation
hospitals were professors K.V. Maistrakh, G.A. Richter,
P.I. Emdin, B.M. Gliner, S.L. Firer and others.
The issue of providing the medical care system with
specialized personnel remained problematic even in
the post-war years. In particular, in 1957, not a single
general practitioner worked in the medical institutions
of the Kuva, Buvay, and Baghdad districts of the
Fergana region. In the Buvaydinsky district of the
Fergana region, the role of general practitioner was
performed by a gynecologist, and in the Baghdad
district, by an infectious disease specialist.
Or in 7 out of 26 rural district hospitals in the Fergana
region there was no highly educated medical worker at
all.
RESULT
In 1917-1991, the Fergana region, like other regions of
the Soviet Union, underwent major changes in the
healthcare sector. During this period, issues of
providing sanatoriums and medical institutions with
qualified personnel became especially relevant and
became one of the main tasks of state policy in the
healthcare sector.
In accordance with the decision of the Soviet
government, the Fergana Institute of Physiotherapy
was established in February 1926. In 1927, the Fergana
Institute of Physical Therapy was transferred to the
state budget. As a result, the number of beds in the
hospital was increased to 44.
In 1928-1929, the number of places in the Fergana
Institute of Physical Therapy was increased to 60. In
addition to the first sanatorium in Uzbekistan,
treatment with therapeutic mud was carried out. will
be launched. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic
War, the two main buildings of the inpatient
department of the Institute of Physiotherapy in
Fergana were transformed into an evacuation hospital.
In 1942-1943, the clinic of the 4th Moscow Medical
Institute was created on the basis of the institute.
During the war, wounded soldiers and officers were
treated at the institute.
In 1925-1930, the health resorts of the Fergana Valley
were developed and work began on creating
sanatoriums. In connection with the implementation of
this decision, one can cite as an example the events
that occurred in the medical care system in the case of
the Shakhimardan resort. In 1926, the Council of
People's Commissars of the Uzbek SSR decided to build
the Shakhimardan resort. Due to the complexity of the
preparatory work, the lack of roads, the lack of
transport, the lack of regular supplies of food and
wages for workers, construction work was delayed.
Finally, in 1930, construction began. .
The main building of the Shakhimardan sanatorium was
put into operation in 1934 and received about 100
patients. In the following 4 years, its other buildings
were also completed. In 1938, a water supply system
was laid and a hydroelectric power station was built at
the Shakhimardan resort. With the help of the People's
Commissar of Health of the Uzbek SSR Ya.K. Mominov,
the resort was allocated 200 hectares of land for
subsidiary farming.
The tests showed that in 1934-1935, a professor at the
N.A. Semashko Research Institute of Physiotherapy and
Sanatorium-Resort Treatment studied Shakhimardon,
located in the Fergana region. Sent by N.I. Ragoza. N.I.
Ragoza began studying Shakhimardon in 1934 and
researched it until June-August 1935. .
This expedition also investigated the hydrogeological
conditions of the Shakhimardan sanatorium with the
aim of providing it with drinking water. This work was
carried out by hydrogeologist B.A. Bedr with a small
group. This group investigated a number of springs and
as a result of their purification the resort's water supply
was further improved. This group designed the water
supply system of the Shakhimardan resort. The climate
of Shakhimardan was also monitored. In general, the
metrological station near the resort has been operating
since the late 1920s. Their information was carefully
studied by the expedition.
In October 1935, a metrological station was placed on
its territory to monitor the resort's climate. In 1935,
Associate Professor I.G. Lutherstein, together with
students from the Central Asian State University,
studied Shakhimardon from a geophysical point of
view.
In the early years, Shakhimardan, the first resort in
Uzbekistan, did not have a protected area. This resort
is supplied with clean water from springs. These springs
were located outside the resort area. Therefore, no one
was responsible for protecting these sources from
pollution. The need to protect the Shakhimardon
sanatorium from a sanitary point of view was also
connected with its location between two villages -
Shakhimardon and Yordon. In particular, the village of
Shakhimardan is a large village, and many people,
including sick people, came here in the summer from
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
11
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijhps
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2222)
the city of Fergana. The distance between the village of
Shakhimardan and the resort was 1.5 km. In addition,
the White Water River, which runs through the resort
area, was a breeding ground for flies, creating a risk of
malaria. For this reason, it became necessary to take
measures to improve the sanitary conditions of the
resort area and adjacent territories. Cutting down
forests and gardens, digging trenches, holes and wells,
as well as extracting natural resources without the
consent of the USSR Ministry of Health. It is prohibited
to stop water sources, build reservoirs and lakes, plant
rice, build factories and plants, and carry out various
construction works. .
Construction work began at the Shakhimardan resort,
fruit trees were cut down. Since 1934, trees have been
planted and a flower garden laid out in front of the
main building of the sanatorium. In 1935, as a result of
the water supply of the Shakhimardon sanatorium and
a bacteriological study of the water at the beginning of
the stream, i.e. the village of Yordon (a village of 140
households, 625 people), the Dugoba River flows
behind it. In fact, at the beginning of the stream the
water is clean, but before it reaches the resort it is
heavily polluted. The pollution occurred due to garbage
removal in densely populated villages. As a result, the
resort received poor quality water. These data showed
that the resort's supply of drinking water was
unsatisfactory.
The sanatorium accommodation consists of 8 buildings,
the main building has space for 180 people, located 250
meters from the 1st building, and a tuberculosis
building is open in the 2nd building. 20 places have
been created for patients infected with the form. Along
with the laboratories and pharma, an administrative
building, apartments for employment, and a kitchen
and your service buildings are built. On the ground floor
of the main building there is an X-ray machine, an X-ray
laboratory and a physiotherapy room. The wards are
designed for 2-6 people, with 8 square meters of space
per person. They needed enough light and fresh air.
The living room, kitchen, corridors, decorated with
flowers, were clean, beautiful and cozy. In front of the
main building, a flower garden was laid out, and in the
middle of it, a fountain was installed. The resort is also
provided with electricity, that is, it is connected to a
hydroelectric power station. Only patients with
pulmonary tuberculosis were treated at the resort. In
1947, about 10 thousand patients were treated for
tuberculosis at this resort. But given the post-war
situation and the prevalence of these diseases among
the population, the capacity and capabilities of these
sanatoriums were insufficient for the treatment of
tuberculosis. In the village of Shakhimardan in the
Fergana region, it was possible to build 15 sanatoriums
and rest homes. However, no serious action was taken
in this regard, and the center did not allocate any funds
or support.
The peaceful nature of the village of Vadil in the
Fergana region was taken into account. In the early
1950s, the "Vodil" Children's Sanatorium was created
here. This institution was under the jurisdiction of the
Fergana regional health department. In 1953, the Vodiil
Children's Sanatorium treated 50-60 children in the
winter season and 350-400 in the summer. From May
to August 1953, 1,223 children were treated. If we pay
attention to the location of children's sanatoriums by
regions of the republic, then in 1954 there were 8 of
them in Tashkent, 4 in Fergana, 3 in Samarkand, 3 in
Andijan. There are 3 sanatoriums in the Namangan
region, 1 each in the Bukhara, Kashkadarya,
Surkhandarya, Khorezm regions and the KASSR. That is,
10 of the 26 such sanatoriums in the republic were
located in the Fergana Valley regions. In the 1960s and
1970s, many sanatoriums began operating in the
Fergana region. The hydrogeological potential of the
region was studied and then recommended to them,
and their number increased.
In 1981-1982, there were 42 children's sanatoriums for
preschool age in Uzbekistan, and 3 children's
sanatoriums in the Fergana region. One of them was
the Koka Sanatorium for patients with bone
tuberculosis. The sanatorium has 70 beds and provides
medical services to patients all year round. In addition,
resort sanatoriums have been widely established in
neighboring regions. For example, in the Chust district
of the Namangan region, a sanatorium for physically
weak children with 200 beds was created. Fergana
region, now Besharik district, in 1981 on the massive
lake Shaiton, located in the Rapkon river, a preventive
measure for collective farmers "Rapkon" was launched.
This place is designed for 50 people, a treatment
building with 10 baths, a kitchen for 150 people, and a
club for 300 people has been built. The activities of this
sanatorium during the Soviet period can be
summarized as follows: “At first, near the tomb of
Grandmother Immat, there was a territory consisting of
two buildings, which was used only by the heads of
collective farms; the upper one was considered a place
of rest for officials. In 1981, the chairman of the
collective farm, Madaminov, turned this place into a
sanatorium where only people working in agriculture
could rest and receive treatment. there vas a
sanatorium-prophylactic center".
Initially, mineral water from the Chimion sanatorium
will be delivered to the prevention center, and
treatment will begin for people suffering from colds of
the musculoskeletal system. In addition, salt mud was
brought here from the Asht district of Tajikistan.
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
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International Journal Of History And Political Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2222)
Initially, 20 places were available. Between 1981 and
1989, he treated 750 people suffering from complex
diseases, infertility and epilepsy. The clinic is equipped
with modern physiotherapy equipment. Since 1989, he
began to expand the preventive center by another 105
places. In short, in 1917-1991, within the framework of
the system of medical care in the districts of the
Fergana region, the number of sanatoriums and health
resorts increased and their network expanded. For
example, during the Soviet era, health resorts for the
treatment of adults and children were created in the
Fergana region’s health care system. However, there
are also problems that need to be addressed locally. For
example, in children's sanatoriums, division by illness is
not taken seriously and is not fully organized in
practice. In a number of cases, patients who came for
treatment in natural conditions were given an incorrect
diagnosis.
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