International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
27
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijhps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue04 2025
PAGE NO.
27-29
10.37547/ijhps/Volume05Issue04-06
The History and Present of Mamun Academy
Juraev Hamza Atoevich
PhD.D., Chirchik State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan
Received:
13 February 2025;
Accepted:
12 March 2025;
Published:
09 April 2025
Abstract:
The article provides extensive information on the history of the scientific academy founded in the land
of Khorezm during the difficult socio-political situation in the region of Maverannahr, and on the basis of evidence
it is proved that Shah Mamun was one of the most outstanding rulers of the Middle Ages in patronage of science
and culture, which is now recognized by the entire enlightened world, that after a thousand years historical justice
was established, and that this position undoubtedly had great significance in the restoration and development of
Uzbek statehood, Uzbek science and education. In particular, based on scientific data, the history of the 164th
specialized lyceum and boarding school of the Karakul district of the Bukhara region, the pedagogical activities of
the winners of republican and world Olympiads are covered.
Keywords:
Khorezm, Karakul, Mamun, Abu Rayhan Beruni, Abu Ali ibn Sina, Abu Sahl Masihi, Abu Nasr ibn Iraq,
Abu Bakr Muhammad al-Khwarizmi, Abu Said Shashibi, Abulhasan al-Khwarizmi, boarding school, Olympiad,
mathematics, talent, world Olympiad, knowledge, thinking, pedagogical, technology, interactive.
Introduction:
To increase the scientific potential of
Uzbekistan, strengthen its position in the world
scientific community, further develop science in the
regions and provide comprehensive support to
talented and dedicated scientists, develop national
traditions in creating a high intellectual environment,
the Khorezm Mamun Academy, which was considered
a center of science, enlightenment and cultural studies
in ancient times and was one of the first academies in
the history of mankind, was reorganized. On the basis
of the ancient great national heritage in the field of
science, an opportunity was created to restore and
develop rich traditions in creating a high intellectual
environment, to search for young talented scientists, to
involve them in the activities of the academy and to
increase the effectiveness of their scientific creativity.
A scientific and research program of the Khorezm
Mamun Academy was developed. The allocation and
repair of administrative buildings for the academy, as
well as the provision of transport, communications and
housing for scientific staff were carried out. It is a
natural process for every people, every nation, to study
its past and turn to its deep roots. The unique feature
and importance of the Maziy is that it cultivates a sense
of creativity and striving for goodness through the
example
of
historical
lessons,
rich
spiritual
understanding, and high universal human values.
A vivid example of such a historical, cultural and
scientific heritage is the Mamun Academy. This
academy, founded on the soil of Khorezm during a
difficult socio-political situation in the Transoxiana
region, was one of the scientific centers recognized by
the Majlisi Ulama of the Eastern enlightened world.
History shows that if one intelligent person comes to
power, he can change the entire nation. “As long as
wise people do not come to the heads of the states of
the world, states will not be states, peoples will not be
peoples, and countries will not be countries,” said the
Chinese philosopher, but Napoleon said that reason is
ambiguous in politics. The reason is that in politics, you
cannot please everyone. Therefore, much depends on
the individual. English writer William Shakespeare said,
"Peoples cannot change individuals, individuals can
change nations."
The Mamun Academy is located in Khorezm, which has
deep historical roots and a glorious past - one of the
first cradles of world civilization. Therefore, the
Khorezm oasis and its capital Khiva are a place where
ancient culture, science and enlightenment, rare art
have developed very well. Khorezm, along with
Bukhara and Samarkand, has a unique fate in the
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences
28
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijhps
International Journal Of History And Political Sciences (ISSN
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2771-2222)
history of Uzbekistan. Due to its geographically remote
location in the disastrous years of the Middle Ages, it
was not included in the structure of either the
Karakhanid state or the Ghaznavid state, but was
independent. Khorezm had very favorable conditions
for economic and spiritual development. In the second
half of the 10th century, Northern Khorezm and its
capital Urgench (Gurgench) flourished. In 996, the king
of Northern Khorezm, Mamun ibn Muhammad, united
this small but rich and cultural country into a single
state, took the title of Khorezmshah and made Urgench
the capital of the country.
After the death of Ma'mun ibn Muhammad and his son
Ali ibn Ma'mun, his brother Abu'l-Abbas Ma'mun ibn
Ma'mun (999-1017) ascended the throne of Khorezm.
He was an intelligent and cultured man who worked to
turn his country into a strong and independent state. It
was under his leadership that science and culture rose
to high levels in Khorezm, and the Majlisi Ulama, now
known as the Ma'mun Academy, was opened in his
palace, where such great scholars as Abu Rayhan al-
Biruni, Abu Ali ibn Sina, Abu Sahl al-Masih, Abu Nasr ibn
Iraq, Abu Bakr Muhammad al-Khwarizmi, Abu Said al-
Shashibi, and Abu al-Hasan al-Khwarizmi worked. This
academy, established in Gurganj, was known in the East
and West as the "House of Wisdom and Education",
and it was famous in the East and West along with such
scientific centers as Plato's Academy in the capital of
Greece, Athens, and the "House of the Wise" in
Baghdad.
The Mamunshah Academy also had a rich library, study
rooms, and an observatory, where heated debates
were held. Scientific treatises from Greek, Iranian, and
Indian languages were translated into Arabic. In this
“House of Knowledge” at the Academy, a separate
department called “House of Letters” was opened, and
the translated books were copied by calligraphers.
Shah Mamun is considered one of the most prominent
rulers of the Middle Ages in terms of patronage of
science and culture, which is recognized today by the
entire enlightened world. After a thousand years,
historical justice has been established, and this,
undoubtedly, is of great importance in the restoration
and development of Uzbek statehood, Uzbek science,
and enlightenment.
In short, under the patronage of Shah Mamun, the
custom of patting the heads of talented people and
protecting them was preserved and further developed.
The provision of sufficient salaries to scholars also
created an opportunity to firmly master religious and
secular knowledge.
Over the years, the followers of these scientists have
become clearly visible in our history. In new types of
educational institutions, the main attention is paid to
differentiated education, taking into account the
knowledge of children. This method is already showing
its positive results. For example, we would not be
mistaken if we say that the International Mathematics
School in Karakul is now well known even outside our
country. The 2019-2020 academic year was especially
successful for the school. All 48 students who
graduated from the International Mathematics School
were recommended for admission to higher education
institutions. School students won 4 gold, 7 silver, and 5
bronze medals at international Olympiads. Talented
students such as Nafosat Jurabekova and Sevara
Ostonova became winners of the Zulfiya State Prize,
while talented young people such as Doniyor Ismailov
and Anvarbek Rahmatov were awarded the “Mard
Oglon” State Prize. Although saving the world sounds
high-flown, its essence lies in the bright hope for the
victory of goodness in the human heart. For any nation
and people that aspire to high goals, the development
of education is always a matter of life and death.
The radical changes in the education system of our
country during the years of independence can also be
seen in the activities of the specialized general
education boarding school No. 62 in Gijduvon district of
Bukhara region. This educational institution, located in
the village of Gajdumak in Gijduvon district, was
established on May 24, 1996. From this school, Nozima
Amonova, a winner of the Republican Olympiad,
managed to get one hundred points by answering the
questions given in French one hundred percent
correctly. This event took place not at the competition-
reviews of the 62nd gifted children's lyceum in
Gijduvon district, where she is studying, or at district or
regional competitions, but at the final-republican stage
of science Olympiads. The representatives and judges
from other regions were amazed by the knowledge and
wisdom of this girl from Bukhara, who achieved the
only highest score, and unanimously called her the
heroine of the Olympiad. Nozima's success was
awarded with a first-class privileged diploma. It is
noteworthy that this diploma gives our winning
compatriot the right to enter and study at a higher
education institution without testing in the future.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, from the above analysis, it can be
recognized that organizing the intellectual capabilities
of talented young people in our country based on the
experiences of developed countries creates a solid
foundation for ensuring the country's development
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