Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
70
International Journal Of Law And Criminology
(ISSN
–
2771-2214)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
70-73
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The theoretical and practical research presented in the article in the field of forensic handwriting expertise will allow
to expand the range of issues solved by experts in handwriting expertise.
KEYWORDS
Forensic handwriting examination, expert research, handwriting and signature, free, conditional, free and
experienced.
INTRODUCTION
The contribution of forensic examination of
graphology in strengthening legislation and law
enforcement is valuable. Forensic examination of
graphology is one of the most common types in the
practical activities of the forensic examination service.
Presently, forensic examination of graphology makes
up almost 15% of the total amount of forensic
examinations, and its quantity is increasing year by
year.
Noticeably, forensic examination of graphology is one
of the most complex and widespread types of
criminalistic research, andintended to reveal the
objective truth in the criminal and civil cases[1]. The
preliminary investigation and judicial bodies determine
the conditions that are important in civil and criminal
caseswith the help of forensic examination of
graphology. Theoretical and practical researches in the
sphere of graphology allow to expand the scope and
Research Article
THE REQUIREMENTS AND PREPARATION OF MATERIALS SENT FOR
FORENSIC EXAMINATION OF GRAPHOLOGY
Submission Date:
January 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
January 25, 2023,
Published Date:
January 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijlc/Volume03Issue01-13
Zulfukorov Abduvakhob Abdumalik Ugli
Major, Senior Teacher Of The Department Of Forensic Science, Academy Of The Mia Of The Republic Of
Uzbekistan. Doctor Of Philosophy In Law Sciences (PhD), Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijlc
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
71
International Journal Of Law And Criminology
(ISSN
–
2771-2214)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
70-73
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
content of questions that the expertsin the field of
graphology always solves[2].
It is important to select writing samples of the
suspected personsto address the questions in
connection with the identification of the executorand
author of the document[3]. The samples of writing and
signatures are divided into three types: free,
conditionally free and experimental. Handwritten
manuscripts not related to this work are regarded as
the free samples[4].
Obtaining experimental samples involves examining
the spelling of individual words and sentences that
occur in free samples of a suspect. Conditional free
samples are handwriting and signatures that are
executed after the case is initiated, but not written
specifically for examination[5].
In order to identify the executor and author of the
researched document, the samples of the letter are
used[6]. In this case, identification of the author,
identification of the executor according to written
speech samples is carried out according to writing
samples[7].
The samples of letters selected for the comparative
examination should meet the following requirements.
1. Independent performance. The documents selected
as samples of written speech and writing
(handwritten) were written (composed) by the person
being examined and should not contain any artificial
changes.
The samples of written speech are considered to be the
creative work of the person being examined, and they
should not be influenced by outsiders in terms of style,
grammar and content.
It is crucial to clarify (determine) the executor of the
documentfree and experimental samples of the
writing. The study of documents made with left-
handed and printed letters should be submitted along
with free samples made in general order and under
normal conditions, as well as experimental samples
made in the manner in which the researched document
has been made.
In order to check the writing in the research process for
sampling the experience, special text consisting of
specific individual words and sentences is created.
Selecting the samplesshould be done as many times as
possible.
The particular features of the study of comparison of
experimental samples of written speech is that only
grammar is checked in it. Lexical and stylistic signs can
be identified in conditional free samples consisting of a
document (handwritten, application, instructions)
executed by the suspected person related to the work.
The words and phrases attributed to the author may
appear in the document under investigationsince these
documents are written about the case under
investigation.
2. Volume of writing (letter) samples. Generally,
samples of written speech and writing have a sufficient
expressive individual complex. The adequacy and
suitability of graphic and lexical materials for
comparative research depends, firstly, not only on
their quantity and quality, but also on the fact that the
written speech skills and graphic originality of the
performer and author are clearly reflected via this.
3. Performance time of free samples. The samples of
letters selected for the comparative study should
correspond to the time of writing of the document
under study, more clearly, they should be written as
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
72
International Journal Of Law And Criminology
(ISSN
–
2771-2214)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
70-73
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
close as possible to the time of writing of the
document under study, executed by the person under
investigation.
The writing skills learned during a person`s life can lead
to small and large changes in written speech (syntactic,
lexical, phraseological). The time interval between the
writing of comparative materials should be short. If the
author or executor of the document is clearly a
learning personality, then rapid and significant changes
can be observed in the level of writing and graphics
during this period.
4. Content of the topic of comparative materials. The
content of the samples has no practical effect on the
results of the study in comparing writings. Therefore,
they should be different in their purpose, affecting the
level of thoroughness of the graphic execution of the
documents as much as possible. The presence of
sloppy or careless manuscripts helps to understand the
various options for symbolization.
The comparative study of written discourse requires a
variety of meaningful samples. Such samples make it
possible to observe the lexical specificity in more detail
and to determine the elements of the method of
expression of thought. In this case, preference is given
to samples that are presented in the same style and are
close to or compatible with the subject line. The
difference or correspondence of the signs of written
speech in the compared documents is shown to a high
degree only in this case.
The
selection
of
comparison
samples
in
authenticationof signature research has some
peculiarities. This specificity depends on the function
of the document, the signature can be performed with
greater or lesser accuracy, more or less letters of the
surname.Therefore,
complete
and
abbreviated
experimental signatures of free samples of signatures
on documents of various characteristics should be
obtained from them carefully and partiallyin case of
signatures are executed by another person.
The provided free and experimental samples allow to
determine whether the signature is forged or not, the
method of signature forgery and whether the forgery
was carried out by the suspected person.
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Республике
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
73
International Journal Of Law And Criminology
(ISSN
–
2771-2214)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
70-73
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Узбекистан //Eurasian Journal of Law, Finance
and Applied Sciences.
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2022.
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Т. 2. –
№. 10
Special Issue.
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маъмурий
қ
онунчилик
нормаларини
такомиллаштиришга
доир
айрим
муло
ҳ
азалар
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2022.
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