Vol. 3 No. 03 (2023): Volume03 Issue03

The sanction specifies a certain kind of punishment for offences. Meanwhile, the Criminal Code provides for "Lesser punishment" when conditions exist that significantly lower the degree of social danger associated with the offense, in accordance with the principle of humanism in our legal system. This rule, which is a clear illustration of the humanitarian concept, is found in many countries' criminal codes. The unique characteristics of imposing a reduced sentence are explained thoroughly in the article.

This article discusses the constitutional and legal foundations of the right of individuals and legal entities to apply to state bodies, the issues of improving the mechanism for the implementation of personal and political rights of citizens in public appeals and improving the system for working with appeals to ensure openness in management, the issue of systematizing the legal framework.

In the article, based on looking at the past and future of the law of obligations, which is an important institution of civil law, along with the explanation of various views on this matter, its emergence is evaluated from a historical approach. As well as the rules of the ancient contractual obligations of the Uzbek people, a comparative analysis of the concept of an obligation exists in the civil legislation of national and foreign countries. Based on the analysis, suggestions will be put forward to improve the norms of the Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the concept of obligation.

The article states that sentencing is the final stage of a crime, which can only be distinguished by the differences between the parties involved in the process. Also, issues related to the general principles of sentencing are presented on the basis of examples from the works of our ancient national scholars. Special attention was paid to examples of only one sentence for a crime committed in sentencing matters, and it was noted that according to the provisions of criminal law, each crime must require the application of only one main punishment, a special solution does not comply with the principles of humanity and justice. In addition, this article analyzes the general principles of sentencing, the theoretical views of scholars on the circumstances to be considered and mitigating circumstances in it, divided into four groups. At the same time, the issue of relevance of the norms of criminal law and mitigating circumstances in sentencing is analyzed on the basis of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the practice of sentencing by courts". appropriate proposals have been developed.

Federal Republic of Nigeria picture was once poor prior the return of self-government in 1999. The fundamental purpose of this used to be the lengthy length of army rule which no longer solely dismantled democratic institutions, however made Nigeria a pariah State as a end result of corruption and draconian policies. The protracted army rule led to plethora of sanctions which led to complication on the populace. The return to democratic governance reinvented the State and ushered in diplomatic shuffles which culminated to the disposing of of the sanctions which finally readmitted the united states into world reckoning. This find out about opinions Federal Republic of Nigeria resemblance, self-government and overseas strategy, 1999–2007, adopting content material evaluation in the scrutiny of our facts and political economic system views as a paradigm for our analysis. It recommends superb Executive – Legislative Collaboration as a panacea for reaching positive and secure overseas strategy.