Vol. 5 No. 02 (2025): Volume 05 Issue 02

This study explores the level of public trust in the Brazilian legal system, with a particular focus on individuals' experiences within the court system. Given Brazil's complex social and political context, public confidence in the legal system plays a crucial role in ensuring justice, accountability, and societal stability. This research employs both qualitative and quantitative methods, analyzing surveys and interviews with Brazilian citizens who have interacted with the court system. The study examines factors that contribute to or undermine trust, such as perceived fairness, efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of the courts. Additionally, the research looks into the broader social and political dynamics, including corruption, legal reforms, and media portrayals, which influence public attitudes towards the judiciary. Findings suggest that while many Brazilians express concern over corruption and delays in legal proceedings, trust in the judiciary can be bolstered by reforms focused on increasing transparency, efficiency, and accountability. The results of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers and legal professionals seeking to strengthen the Brazilian legal system and enhance public confidence in its ability to deliver justice.

Corruption is one of the factors that seriously harms social development, the rule of law, and public trust in the judicial system. The presence of corruption in civil court cases violates the principles of fair justice, causing social instability and legal uncertainty. In recent years, Uzbekistan has been implementing comprehensive reforms to combat corruption. In 2017, the Law "On Combating Corruption" was adopted, and in 2020, the Anti-Corruption Agency was established. Under the state program for 2023–2025, measures are being taken to digitize the judicial system, increase transparency, and ensure judicial independence. However, according to Transparency International’s 2023 report, many more reforms are still needed to improve transparency in the judiciary and prevent corrupt practices. International experience shows that digitizing judicial processes, introducing a system for evaluating judges' activities, and strengthening public oversight are crucial in reducing corruption. This article analyzes existing problems and solutions in preventing corruption in civil court cases. The judicial reforms implemented in Uzbekistan, international experiences, and technological innovations are examined, and proposals for reducing corruption are presented.

This article analyzes the formation and development of the prosecutor's office, particularly the military prosecutor's office, in the Turkestan region after its occupation by the Russian Empire. Based on historical sources, it illuminates the activities and functions of this institution.

In this article, the author thoroughly examines the opinions of legal scholars on the tasks of internal affairs bodies in preventing corruption offenses and develops proposals and recommendations.

The legal regulation of working hours plays a crucial role in ensuring employeesэ rights, maintaining productivity, and fostering economic stability. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, labor laws establish standard working hours, overtime regulations, and provisions for special working conditions. The Labor Code of Uzbekistan defines the normal working hours as 40 hours per week, with specific regulations for overtime, night shifts, and hazardous jobs. Additionally, international labor standards and best practices influence these regulations, ensuring compliance with global labor rights frameworks. Comparatively, countries such as Germany, the United States, and China have distinct approaches to working hours, shaped by economic needs, labor policies, and cultural factors. This study examines the similarities and differences between Uzbekistan’s legal framework and those of selected foreign countries, highlighting best practices and potential areas for reform. By analyzing international labor conventions and national legislations, the research aims to provide insights into the effectiveness of various regulatory models in balancing workers’ rights and economic growth.

This article analyzes the admissibility of evidence in criminal proceedings. The norms of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the admissibility of evidence are analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis and research, the author’s substantiated proposals and recommendations were elaborated.

There is no doubt that the effect of good faith on the stability of dealings is not denied, as the dominance of good faith negates the causes of anxiety arising from fear of fraud and deception. If we want to clarify this effect in a piece of legislation, we must look at the example of the society addressed by it, and the depth of the moral view and the extent of the penetration of the religious tendency in it, where the impression of the legislative formulation and its influence on these two factors appears clear, and this effect appears more clearly in the scope of application, as the needs of dealings at any time and place are to be done in an atmosphere of trust, stability and steadfastness, and achieving these matters depends on gathering certain characteristics, the most important of which is the soundness of the principles and ideals on which the legislative system is based, as their achievement creates sufficient guarantees for the stability and steadfastness of dealings, as deception is eliminated, fraud disappears and the pretexts for trickery that reach the achievement of illegitimate interests in crooked ways are blocked, and the causes of conflict are reduced and bad faith is eliminated. The principle of good faith is one of the important principles on which legal actions are based. It is a broad and wide-ranging principle that includes all actions and contracts. It also extends its control over the contractual relationship from beginning to end. Hence, the importance of the principle of good faith becomes apparent, especially after the spread and prevalence of fraud, deception and illegal tricks. Its importance is highlighted in what it achieves in terms of achieving a degree of justice between the parties to the contract, which confirms the guarantee of the sovereignty of the system and its proper application.

Technologies involving smart applications are progressively assuming a more pivotal role in modern human life. The robust advancements of the internet, mobile technologies, and artificial intelligence have rendered a burgeoning development of smart applications imbued with such emerging technologies. A smart application denotes a program or application that can operate independently, without human intervention; perceive environmental variables, information, and data; and then render an intelligent response consistent with human applications. Similar to a traditional application, a smart application is interpreted as a sequence of programmed instructions that perform particular tasks. However, the instructions in a smart application not only command but also empower it to think and learn like a human through AI algorithms, thus cogitating, conceiving, decision making, and self-evolving.

It is necessary to make changes and additions to the law concerning the election of the Chairman of the Citizens' Assembly. It is necessary to supplement the principles of the organisation and conduct of elections with new principles, to improve the powers of the mediation commissions and working groups, to clarify the representation of citizens and their number, as well as election campaign issues.

Personal data protection in China has become a focal point in the country's evolving digital economy. With the rapid expansion of data-driven technologies, the Chinese government has enacted and enforced several laws and regulations to safeguard personal information, including the Cybersecurity Law of 2017 and the Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL) of 2021. This paper explores the practices and prospects of personal data protection regulation in China, focusing on the existing regulatory framework, enforcement mechanisms, and the challenges faced by both the government and businesses in ensuring compliance. Additionally, it discusses China's evolving stance on data sovereignty and its alignment with global data protection standards, particularly the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The paper concludes with an outlook on the future trajectory of personal data protection in China.

Our article "Human Rights and Freedoms" discusses the necessity of human rights and freedoms. The article outlines the basic principles of human rights, the procedures necessary for their protection and implementation. At the same time, the interdependence of freedoms and legal justice, as well as their necessity for society and individuals, are analyzed. External and internal freedoms, external influence, inclusivity, protection, and legal relations are also important topics in the article. The article allows for the explanation, teaching, and analysis of problems in the field of human rights and freedoms. This article covers the significance of human rights and freedoms in the formation of an independent and just society.

In this article, the author substantiates the purpose of anti-corruption monitoring as an integral component of an effective and result-oriented anti-corruption policy. A systematic approach to understanding anti-corruption monitoring made it possible to identify its structural elements, with particular attention given to the functions of anti-corruption monitoring and various scholarly approaches to their interpretation and classification. Additionally, the article presents the author's perspective on these functions.

This article, from the point of view of constitutional doctrine, provides an analysis of constitutional reforms in New Uzbekistan as an important legal basis for state policy towards youth. Existing scientific and practical problems are also analyzed, and constitutional and legal mechanisms for their elimination are explored.

Many countries around the world are promoting the increase of transparency regarding the ultimate ownership of companies. Indeed, this is a useful tool for stopping illicit financial flows and creating fair markets.

However, it must also be considered that such measures may violate the right to privacy and pose threats to personal security. The need to protect this privacy may lead some companies and owners to refuse to disclose this information.

Furthermore, many organizations and individuals have warned that disclosing beneficial ownership information may be ineffective or could lead to the spread of incorrect information.