International Journal Of Literature And Languages
10
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue05 2025
PAGE NO.
10-12
10.37547/ijll/Volume05Issue05-03
Homonymous Features of German Borrowings and Their
Usage in Official and Administrative Documents
Ergasheva Fotima Baxrom qizi
Doctoral Student at Termez State University, Uzbekistan
Received:
09 March 2025;
Accepted:
05 April 2025;
Published:
08 May 2025
Abstract:
This article studies a number of lexical units that have been adopted from German into the Uzbek
language. The homonymous features of the adoptions are illustrated using the example of official documents in
the Uzbek language.
Keywords:
Uzbek language, German language, borrowings, homonym, decree, resolution, order.
Introduction:
In linguistics, words are categorized as
monosemous (having a single meaning) and
polysemous (having multiple meanings). Words with
multiple
meanings
in
texts
are
considered
polysemantic lexemes and exhibit homonymic
properties. Words that are spelled and pronounced the
same but have different meanings are classified as
homonyms.
Homonyms
include
homographs,
homophones, and homoforms. Some words borrowed
from German into Uzbek also possess homonymous
features.
For example, the word *Anker*
—
borrowed from
German (Anker meaning "anchor")
—
has two meanings
in the 2006 and 2023 editions of the Explanatory
Dictionary of the Uzbek Language: 1. A component that
ensures the steady and uniform operation of a clock
mechanism. 2. A part used in assembling or mounting
parts of machinery, structures, etc. (e.g., anker,
bolt).[9]
In the Presidential Decree No. PQ-307 dated July 6,
2022, "On Organizational Measures for the
Implementation of the Innovative Development
Strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2022
–
2026",
the term is used as follows: “Laboratory assessments
are being conducted on concrete work, soil
evaluations, as well as reinforcement and anker
materials used in the construction of the cement plant
established by
the foreign enterprise 'Jizzax Cement'.” .
[3]
Anker
–
is also the name of a leading company in the
technical field that manufactures wireless chargers, car
chargers, wall chargers, USB cables, etc.. [9].
Ariston
–
The term “Ariston” derived from the Germ
an
word *Arrestant* (meaning "prisoner"), means "a
detained person; inmate; captive". The word has
undergone phonetic and grammatical changes and is
not typically found in official administrative documents
in Uzbek.
Ariston - However, *Ariston* is also a trade name for a
water heating device. [9 ].
For instance, the Cabinet of Ministers Resolution No.
658 dated August 22, 2017, on the “Development
Program of Kokand City, Fergana Region for 2017
–
2019”, states: “…equipping apartments in multi
-storey
buildings of Kokand with locally manufactured heating
systems (Ariston).” [5]
Kran - (crane), a borrowing from Dutch, refers to a
faucet-like pipe for dispensing gas or liquids..
In the Minister of Transport’s Order No. 3376 dated
July 27, 2022, it is used in th
e context: “…the train must
be dispatched with end valves (cranes) in the closed
position…”[8]
Kran
–
a lexical borrowing from the German language,
refers to a technical mechanism used to lift and move
heavy loads from one place to another. Examples
include: overhead crane, mobile crane. [9]
According to the Order No. 2046-4 of the Minister of
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
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International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834)
Poverty Reduction and Employment of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, registered on April 14, 2025, titled *"On
Amendments to the Occupational Safety Rules for
Employees in Stamping Production"*, clause 126
states:
"In workshops and production areas, the placement
and installation of lifting devices must comply with
GOST 12.2.065-81 *'Lifting Cranes. General Safety
Requirements'* and the *'Rules for the Design and Safe
Operation of Lifting Krans approved by the State
Committee for Industrial Safety of the Republic of
Uzbekistan." [7]
The term “Funt” originates from the German word
“Pfund”, which in turn is derived from Latin. In German
explanatory dictionaries, it is defined as a unit of weight
or a standard weight stone, with one *Pfund*
corresponding to 500 grams [9].
According to the directive issued by the Head of the
State Inspectorate for Flight Safety Oversight of the
Republic of Uzbekistan, dated September 29, 2007
(r
egistration number 1723), entitled “On the Approval
of Aviation Regulations for Civil and Experimental
Aviation Flights in the Airspace of the Republic of
Uzbekistan (UZR AQ-
91)”: “…The verification of proper
flight level alignment and the correct functioning of the
altitude measurement channel must be conducted
using barometric altimeters that measure in either
meters or “funt”, serving as redundant systems.” [6]
The term “Funt”
- equivalent to *pound sterling* in
English
—
also denotes the primary currency unit of the
United Kingdom and several other countries.[9]
In accordance with the Decree of the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 6, 2009, No. PQ-
1090, titled “On Additional Measures to Further
Stimulate the Mobilization of Idle Funds of the
Population and Business Entities into Commercial Bank
Deposits”:
“…Banks may provide services that allow depositors to
convert one foreign currency into another without cash
withdrawal, thereby enabling the introduction of
deposits in various currencies (US dollars, euros,funt
sterling).” [1]
The word “shtat” is derived from the German word
Staat, which itself originates from the Latin term status.
In our explanatory dictionary, it is defined as “a form of
state governance.” [9]
According to Resolution No. 384 of the Cabinet of
Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated July 13,
2022, “On the approval of the list of foreign countries
whose citizens are entitled to purchase newly
constructed real estate objects in the Republic of
Uzbekistan,” one such country is “the United States of
America.” [4]
The term “shtat,” originating from the German Staat,
also refers to the permanent and stable staff
composition of an enterprise, institution, or
organization, including a list indicating their positions
and salaries. [9]
According to the Presidential Decree No. PF-73 of the
Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 28, 2025, “On
measures to further improve the system of training
pedagogical personnel,” a Transformation Department
consisting of 10 staff units is to be established at the
Uzbekistan National Pedagogical University.
CONCLUSION
"In conclusion, some loanwords from the German
language possess homonymic characteristics. As
evidence of this, the aforementioned lexemes can be
cited as examples. The homonyms of the listed
borrowings are also, for the most part, words borrowed
from other languages."
REFERENCES
Decree No. PQ-1090 of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan dated April 6, 2009, "On Additional
Measures to Further Encourage the Attraction of Idle
Funds of the Population and Business Entities to
Commercial Bank Deposits."
Presidential Decree No. PF-73 of the Republic of
Uzbekistan dated April 28, 2025, "On Measures to
Further Improve the System of Training Pedagogical
Personnel."
Decree No. PQ-307 of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan dated July 6, 2022, "On Organizational
Measures for the Implementation of the Strategy for
Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan
for 2022
–
2026."
Resolution No. 384 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the
Republic of Uzbekistan dated July 13, 2022, "On
Approval of the List of Foreign Countries Whose
Citizens Are Entitled to Purchase Newly Constructed
Real Estate in the Republic of Uzbekistan."
Resolution No. 658 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the
Republic of Uzbekistan dated August 22, 2017, "On the
Program of Measures for the Integrated Development
of the City of Kokand in the Fergana Region for 2017
–
2019."
Order No. 1723 of the Head of the State Inspectorate
for Flight Safety Oversight of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, registered on September 29, 2007, "On the
Approval of Aviation Rules (UZR AQ-91) for Civil and
Experimental Aviation Flights in the Airspace of the
Republic of Uzbekistan."
Order No. 2046-4 of the Minister of Poverty Reduction
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
12
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll
International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834)
and Employment of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
registered on April 14, 2025, "On Amendments to the
Occupational Safety Regulations for Employees in
Stamping Production."
Order No. 3376 of the Minister of Transport of the
Republic of Uzbekistan, registered on July 27, 2022,
"Regulations
on
the
Classification,
Internal
Investigation, and Accounting Procedures for Incidents
Related to Violations of Traffic and Transportation
Safety Requirements in Railway and Metro Transport."
E. Begmatov, A. Khojiyev, A. Madvaliyev, N.
Mahmudov. Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek
Language. G’. G’ulom Publishing
House
–
Tashkent,
2023.
Khudaykulov, A. E. (2019). "Names of English-Origin
Units of Measurement in the Texts of Russian and
Uzbek Written Monuments: Inch, Foot." Foreign
Languages in Uzbekistan, (5), 112
–
122.
Fayziyeva, E. B. Qizi. (2022). "Developing Listening Skills
in Preschool Children When Teaching the German
Language." Devotees of Education, 7(8), 574
–
576.
Ergasheva, F. B. (2019). "Issues of Valency in the
Modern German Language." Issues of Pedagogy, (11-2),
276
–
281.
