Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
45
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
45-47
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The emergence of the Khamsa tradition. Nizami Ganjavi's "Panj Ganj" is the first "Khamsa". The difference of
Abdurahman Jami "Haft Avrang" from other "Khamsa" Alisher Navoi's work is the first Turkish "Khamsa"
KEYWORDS
Khamsa, khamsanavislik, hirot, Khusrav Dehlavi, Alisher Navoi, "Panj ganj", image, image, medium, spirituality,
mysticism.
INTRODUCTION
Fairy tales, short stories, and epics in folk art can be
cited as vivid examples of khamsa, khamsanavism,
literary environment of Herat, praise, na't, munojot. In
written literature, the influence and maturity of this
tradition is evident in the great epic works. Firdausi's
"Shahnoma", Yusuf Khos Hajib's "Kutadgu bilig",
Ahmad Yugnaki's "Hibat ul-haqaiq", Farididdin Attar's
"Mantiq ut-tayr", "Ilohiynama" can be called the first
examples of the epic genre. It would not be wrong to
say that the emergence of "Khamsa" epics in the
history of Eastern literature was the highest and most
perfect stage of the epic worldview. It is known that
"Khamsa" was first created in Persian literature.
Khamsanavis was started by the great Azerbaijani poet
Nizami Ganjavi. Nizami "Khamsa" was written between
1170-1204. After the poet's death, the artistic collection
of five epics was made into a single collection and was
called "Panj ganj" ("Five treasures") and became
famous under the name "Khamsa". The first epic in
Nizami's work is called "Makhzan ul-asrar" ("Treasure
of Secrets"), which was created in 1180. Nizami
dedicates this epic to Bahromshah, the ruler of the
Ghaznavids (XII century). The creation of "Makhzan ul-
asrar" was influenced by the epic "Hadiqat ul-haqaiq"
("Garden of Truths") written by Hakim Sanai, who lived
and worked in the 12th century. This work, devoted to
Research Article
THE TRADITION OF KHAMSANAVIS AND THE KHAMSA OF ALISHER
NAVOI
Submission Date:
July 17, 2023,
Accepted Date:
July 22, 2023,
Published Date:
July 27, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume03Issue07-09
Rustamov Qalandar Ravshan ugli
3rd grade student Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
46
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
45-47
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
philosophical and ethical issues, includes 18 chapters
consisting of an introduction, main part and
conclusion. The second epic of Nizami Ganjavi's
"Khamsa" is "Khusrav and Shirin" and was completed
around 1181. The poet wrote this epic at the request of
the Seljuk ruler Togrul II (1174-1194). The size of the epic
is shown in the sources as 6139 bytes to 6500 bytes.
The basis of the saga is the complex love adventures
between Khusrav Parviz, the prince of Madoyin, and
Shirin, the princess of Barda. The third epic of Nizami
Ganjavi's "Khamsa" "Layli and Majnun" was created in
1188-1189 at the request of Shirvanshah Akhsitan ibn
Manuchehr. The volume of the work consists of 4022
bytes. The fourth epic of "Panj Ganj" is called "Haft
Paykar" ("Seven Beauties"). The work was written in
1197 by the order of the ruler Alauddin Korpa Arslan
(1174-1207). The epic consists of 4600 bytes, and in
some
sources
it
is
called
"Bahromnama".
"Iskandarnoma" is the last and fifth epic in Nizami's
quintet. It consists of two parts: "Sharafnama" and
"Iqbalnama". The epic is 10,500 bytes long and was
written between 1197 and 1204. For the epic, the image
of Alexander the Great, widely used in Eastern
literature, was chosen as the main character.
"Sharafnama"
describes
Alexander's
military
campaigns and bravery, while "Iqbalnama" portrays
Alexander as a sage and philosopher. After Nizami
Ganjavi, Khusrav Dehlavi (1253-1325) continued the
tradition of writing "Khamsa" a century later. His work
was written in 1299-1302 and dedicated to Alauddin
Khilji. Khusrav Dehlavi's "Khamsa" is composed of the
following epics: 1) "Matla' ul-anvor" ("The place of exit
of lights"); 2) "Shirin and Khusrav"; 3) "Crazy and Layli";
4) "Oyinai Iskandarii" ("Mirror of Alexander"); 5)
"Hasht behisht" ("Eight Heavens"). Khusrav Dehlavi
kept the form, plot, and image system of Nizami's
epics, interpreted them in his own way and enriched
them with new content. According to this,
Abdurrahman Jami admits in his work "Bahoristan"
that no one could write an answer to Nizami's
"Khamsa" through Dehlavi. The first epic of Khusrav
Dehlavi's "Khamsa" "Matla' ul-Anwar" was written in
1299 as a response to Nizami Ganjavi's "Makhzan
ulasrar". The epic consists of 3310 bytes. "Shirin and
Khusrav", the second epic in Khusrav Dehlavi's
"Khamsa", was written in 1299. Its size is 4124 bytes.
The epic consists of a traditional introduction, main
part and concluding chapter. "Majnun and Layli" is the
third epic in Khusrav Dehlavi's "Khamsa" and was
created in 1299. The size is 2650 bytes. The main events
are described in the epic after the traditional
introduction. "Hasht behisht" ("Eight Heavens") is the
fourth epic in Khusrav Dehlavi's "Khamsa". The work
was written in 1302 and contains 3352 bytes. The
introduction of the epic consists of seven chapters, and
the final part consists of one chapter - a total of eight
chapters, which is directly related to the name of the
work. After Khusrav Dehlavi, "Khamsa" became a
unique tradition , writing works in response to it,
especially in the second half of the 15th century,
flourished. In many nations, works based on the theme
and plot of Nizami epics appeared. During the study of
manuscripts and sources stored in world libraries,
Azerbaijani scientist G. Aliyev identified about 300
artists who wrote in response to Nizami Ganjavi's
"Khamsa" and summarized the information about
them and created a scientific pamphlet. The literary
environment of Herat of the 15th century occupies a
special place in the history of Khamsanavis. During this
period, about 20 creators tried to write "Khamsa" in
Herat alone. However, writing such a great collection
required great talent, hard work and enthusiasm from
the artist. Because of this, the attempts of many poets
to write "Khamsa" were not successful, and the
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
47
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
45-47
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
completed works were not popular among the people.
In Alisher Navoi's "Majolis un-nafais" analysis,
information is given about the poets who created
works following "Khamsa" epics: Maulana Ashraf,
Maulana Kotibi started to write "Khamsa" but could
not finish it, Ali Ohi finished several epics
corresponding to the five, Maulana Faseh Rumi He
created a saga following Nizami's "Makhzan ul-Asrar",
Khoja Hasan Khizr wrote the epic "Zayd wa Zainab" in
response to "Layli wa Majnun", Maulana Abdullah
followed "Khusrav wa Shirin", "Layli wa Majnun", "Haft
paykar" , wrote epics and created "Zafarnoma" in
response to "Iskandarnoma", Khoja Imod created the
epic "Layli and Majnun". Alisher Navoi, acknowledging
the high artistry of the master poets, wrote special
chapters in the introduction to his epics, dedicating
them to their predecessors and glorifying them.
Literally, Alisher Navoi's "Khamsa", which is the
pinnacle of Uzbek classic literature, is also a unique and
immortal masterpiece of world literature.
REFERENCES
1.
Abdugafurov A. Lessons of the Big Five. - T.:
Literature and Art, 1995.
2.
Abdukadirov A. Amir Alisher Navoi (life and work).
- T.: Bayoz, 2022.
3.
Sirojiddinov Sh., Yusupova D., Davlatov O.
Navoiyshunoslik. Textbook. - T.: TAMADDUN, 2018.
4.
Alisher Navoi: encyclopedic dictionary. Volumes 1-2
/ Editor-in-Chief Sh. Sirojiddinov. - T.: Sharq, 2016.5.
Asadov M. Sokinoma: history and poetics. - T.:
TAFAKKUR, 2020.6. Boltaboyev H. Encyclopedia of
literature. Volume 1. - T.: CLASSICAL WORD
