Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
36
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
36-44
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In this article, on the example of Uzbek language materials, the issue of expressing gratitude in the process of
communication, in particular, the indirect method, was highlighted. Also, the purpose of expressing gratitude through
speech acts such as wish, gratitude, confirmation, promise, applause in Uzbek language was clarified. Language tools
and non-verbal units, which play an important role in the direct expression of gratitude, have been revealed.
KEYWORDS
Speech act of gratitude, expression of feeling of gratitude in language, method of direct and indirect expression of
speech act, act of wish, act of gratitude, act of confirmation, act of promise, act of applause.
INTRODUCTION
The indirect expression of the communicative purpose
in the speech act is fundamentally different from the
cases of its direct expression. In this case, the specific
communicative goal of the speaker is realized
indirectly through a speech act that is not specific to its
expression. As M. Qurbanova rightly stated,
“indirectness occurs when describing a particular
speech act through a syntactic structure that is not
specific to its expression. In this case, two different
situations are observed: a) the primary meaning of the
syntactic structure is preserved, and an additional
syntactic meaning is imposed on it. In other words,
through the same syntactic structure, information
specific to its expression and additional information
are expressed. In this case, the semantic scope of the
same syntactic structure expands; b) the primary
meaning of the syntactic structure is completely lost,
its place is replaced by another syntactic meaning. In
other words, through the same syntactic structure,
other information is expressed in a way related to the
speaker’s goal” [1.28]. .
Research Article
INDIRECT EXPRESSION OF GRATITUDE IN LANGUAGE AND ITS EFFECT
ON THE SPEECH PROCESS
Submission Date:
July 14, 2023,
Accepted Date:
July 19, 2023,
Published Date:
July 24, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume03Issue07-08
Mirjalol Olimovich Ziyaev
Lecturer, "Mendeleyev" Private School, Dangara District, Fergana Region Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
37
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
36-44
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Sh. Safarov stated that “in order for the real indirect
content to be expressed, the speaker needs to touch
or point to something. For example, “Don’t you know
how to get to Muqimi Theater?” the speaker has no
intention of asking the listener where the theater is.
The main goal is for the listener to explain to him how
to get to the theater. The meaning intended by the
speaker is actually the content of the primary speech
act, and this content is formed on the basis of the
expansion of the semantic content of the sentence”
[2.104].
It is understood that indirectness is a hidden
expression of a communicative goal in another
syntactic structure, that is, in a speech act. The nature
of the indirect expression of the
speaker’s
communicative goal differs from one another in
different speech acts. According to M. Sobirova, “in
newspaper
texts,
the
author
organizes
his
communicative intention in the form of indirect
communication as an effective method of speech
economy and influencing the public... In indirect
speech acts, not propositional meaning, but
illocutionary
expression
is
observed.
The
communicative intention of the speaker is expressed in
the form of an implicit expression. In the press, the
author sometimes uses the direct (explicit) method of
speech acts to achieve his communicative intention in
a specific communication situation, and sometimes
provides the effectiveness of communication through
indirect (implicit) expression” [3.42
-51].
The speaker’s choice of
direct or indirect method of
expressing gratitude is related to certain external
factors. According to V. Kholmatova, “in choosing one
or another pragmatic-modal variant of the speech
structure, the main task is the social role of the
interlocutors, and among the determinants of this role
are the following:
1) the role of a person from birth (gender, nation,
nation);
2) social status (position in society);
3) the task performed in a given situation. Also, the
age, culture and emotional-spiritual state of the
communicants affect the choice” [4.917
-922].
The role of external factors, which have also been
noted in the expression of gratitude, has an important
place.
The Uzbek people sometimes express their gratitude
indirectly. The speech situation that arose during the
communication process, the social status of the
speakers, their gender, family, role in the community,
character of their mutual relations, etc. may not allow
the public expression of gratitude, and may create the
need for its hidden expression. So, indirect expression
of gratitude happens depending on a number of
external factors.
In the indirect expression of gratitude, the
communicative purpose is hidden. The indirect
expression of gratitude in a speech act is related to
factors such as the speaker's communicative goal,
communication environment, speech situation, his
social status, role in the family, gender, and social
norms.
Indirect expression of gratitude is observed even in
cases where the social status of the speakers is
different. A leader's gratitude to a subordinate is often
expressed indirectly. In order to maintain social
distance, the leader does not always publicly express
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
38
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
36-44
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
his gratitude to his employee. At such a time, he
chooses a hidden way of expressing gratitude. This
situation gives him the opportunity to continue
communication in an official tone.
In the culture of the Uzbek people, a man does not
always express his gratitude to a woman, especially to
his spouse. In such a situation, he tries to express
gratitude as indirectly as possible. Of course, this
situation is related to the fact that a man, who is
considered the head of the family in Uzbeks, does not
express his feelings openly, and this is considered as a
sign of his own manners.
One of the factors influencing the indirect expression
of gratitude in speech is the extremely strong feeling
of gratitude created in a person, and in expressing it,
the use of the tactic of thanking great people who are
close to the interlocutor, who brought him to this level,
in particular, his father, mother, teacher, for their
upbringing and education. Expressing gratitude in this
way is part of the speech act Otangga rahmat!, Ota-
onangga rahmat!, Otangga ming rahmat!, Otangizga
balli!, Ustozingizga rahmat!, Senga ta'lim bergan
ustozingga rahmat! syntactic constructions like At such
a time, expressing gratitude to a person is indirectly
expressed by expressing gratitude to his father,
mother, teacher. For example:
1.
–
Otangizga rahmat! Qilgan yaxshiligingizni hech
qachon unutmaymiz. (So‘
zl.) Baraka top, ota-onangga
rahmat, qizim! (So‘zl.)
2. Shahodat mufti o‘rnidan turdi, Abdurahmonning
yoniga kelib, orqasini qoqdi: ...
–
Seni tuqqan onangg‘a
va
o‘qutg‘an
ustozingga
rahmat.
(A.Qodiriy.
“Mehrobdan chayon”)
It is known that any speech act serves to express a
specific communicative goal of the speaker. When the
communicative goal is more than one, the speech act
has a poly-intentional character. Often, in a speech act,
the main goal is expressed directly, that is, openly,
while the rest of the communicative goals are
expressed indirectly in a hidden way.
The characteristic point is that the expression of
meaningful
relationships
based
on
different
communicative goals in speech acts does not cause
confusion in their understanding to the speakers of the
language. In one speech act, the hidden expression of
meaningful relations specific to other acts in an indirect
way makes it possible to clearly understand the
content of such speech acts.
When
the
speaker
indirectly
expresses
his
communicative intention, he must ensure that the
content directly expressed in the speech act reaches
the listener correctly, for this he must correctly form
the syntactic structure of the speech act, and give a
true assessment of the possibilities of the language
units used in it. In turn, the listener should understand
the primary and secondary goals provided for in this
speech act. For this, it is necessary for him to have
knowledge of the language and the ability to use it, as
well as to have certain ideas about the object of
speech. As Sh. Safarov rightly noted, “... to understand
the content of any indirect speech act, it is necessary
to know the primary meaning of the structures.
“Qalamni olib bera olmaysizmi?” or “Aqlli bolasan
-da,
Rafiqjon!” in order to know tha
t structures such as
request and irony are meaningful speech acts, the
listener (as well as the speaker) must have mastered
the initial meaning of these types of sentences in
advance” [2.105].
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
39
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
36-44
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In the Uzbek language, there are also cases of
expressing gratitude. Indirect expression of gratitude
is carried out against the background of other speech
acts. At such a time, the expression of gratitude
becomes secondary.
It is known that when a speaker uses a type of speech
act, he aims to achieve different communicative goals.
In this case, the speech act has the sign of
polyintentionality. For example, through the speech
act of gratitude, the speaker not only expresses the
feeling of gratitude, but also provides information
about the reality that caused it, analyzes it, and reacts.
In this case, pragmatic tasks such as reporting,
reacting, and analytical evaluation are performed
through the speech act of gratitude. Since the purpose
of expressing gratitude is leading in a speech act, it is
considered a speech act of gratitude. The remaining
speech acts (message, response, assessment acts)
appear indirectly, against the background of the act of
gratitude.
In the process of communication, the speaker’s feeling
of gratitude is indirectly expressed against the
background of other speech acts in the following
cases:
1. Gratitude is indirectly expressed through the act of
wishing. In such a situation, the speaker shows
gratitude by making a wish. For example, Olloh sizdan
rozi bo‘lsin! In the speech act expressing a wish
, the
speaker’s feeling of gratitude is felt. Only thanksgiving
comes out secretly through prayer. It is often used in
communication Xudo rozi bo‘lsin!, O‘zi rozi bo‘lsin!,
Sizni Olloh siylasin! speech acts, gratitude is also
expressed through wishes.
In the following poetic passage, the poet expresses his
gratitude to his comrades by expressing his wishes for
the good they have done:
Eldoshlarim...
Ko‘nglimga tumorlar taqqan, eldoshlarim,
Ko‘nglimga jonimday yoqqan, eldoshlarim,
Eldoshlarim...
Kechadan omonlik tilayman sizga,
Oq daryolar oqsin eshigingizdan.
Kunduzdan omonlik tilayman sizga,
To‘danalar bo‘lay beshigingizda.
Eldoshlarim... (E.Shukur. “Minnatdorchilik”)
2. Gratitude is indirectly expressed through the act of
gratitude. In this, the speaker expresses his gratitude
by expressing gratitude to his destiny, to Allah. Speech
acts Shukur!, Ollohga shukur!, Yaratgan egamga shukr!,
Taqdirimga shukr! consists of syntactic constructions.
Z. Karimova stated that the word “shukur” is borrowed
from the Arabic language and means a feeling of
contentment. The word “rahmat” is its singular form.
In colloquial speech, there is no difference in the use of
these two options, when expressing gratitude, the
word “shukur” is used for Allah, and “rahmat” is used
for people [5.111]. But in the process of communication,
the words “shukur” and “shukur” are freely used
interchangeably. For example:
Hayotimdagi eng so‘nggi sadoqatli kishim o‘laroq bir
siz meni tashlab ketmadingiz! Ollohga shukr! (N.Qobul.
“Etti iqlim hoqoni yoxud axt va taxt”)
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
40
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
36-44
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Dunyo tilsimini ochadigan kalitni menga ato qilganligi
uchun Ollohga shukur, ustozga tashakkur deyman.
(M.Pardaev. Ustoz otangdan ulug‘)
From the examples, it is clear that the speaker is
actually grateful to the interlocutor for not leaving him.
But he secretly expresses his gratitude by thanking
Allah.
Sometimes the speaker expresses his gratitude to fate
by bowing a thousand times. For example:
Va ming bor taqdirga ta’zim, azizim,
Yaxshi-yomonimda yorliging uchun.
Peshonamda isming yozilgani va
Kaftim chizig‘ida borliging uchun… (G.Asqarova.
“She’rlar”)
In this poetic passage, the author bows to fate a
thousand times and expresses his gratitude to it. This
gratitude was caused by his gratitude to his wife. But
this feeling of gratitude is hidden in the poem.
3. Gratitude is indirectly expressed through the act of
applause. In this, the speaker applauds his interlocutor
for the good he has done, the respect he has shown,
and thereby expresses his gratitude to him. For
example:
Akbar esa filbonidan minnatdor bo‘lib:
–
Tasanno, Bhishan!
–
derdi.
–
Bhishan Chandga bosh-
oyoq sarupo, bir hamyon oltin hadya qilinsin! Hali bu
botir mahavatga jogir ham in'om etgaymiz! (P.Qodirov.
“Humoyun va Akbar”)
It is understood from the text that Akbar Mirza
expressed his gratitude to the filban by applauding
him.
Shundan so‘ng Hamida bonu Humoyunga minnatdor
ko‘zlari bilan
tikildi-da:
–
Olijanob ish qildingiz, hazratim!
–
dedi.
(P.Qodirov. “Humoyun va Akbar”)
In this example, Hamida Bonu expressed her gratitude
to Humayun by applauding his work. Hamida Bonu’s
grateful eyes served to shed light on her emotional
attitude towards Humayun.
4. The feeling of gratitude is indirectly expressed
through the speech act of a promise. The speaker,
while expressing gratitude for the kindness and
respect shown to him, sometimes promises not to
forget this kindness and respect. In this case, his
attention is focused on reflecting this promise. As a
result, the content of the promise in the speech act is
of a primary nature, and the feeling of gratitude is
secretly expressed. For example:
–
Oz bo‘lsa, ko‘p o‘rnida ko‘rasizlar, yaxshiliklaringizni
hech esdan chiqarmaymiz,
–
dedi unisi. (Q.Kenja.
“Palaxvon toshlari”)
It is understood that the speaker is indirectly
expressing his gratitude to those who did the good by
promising to never forget the good.
5. Gratitude is indirectly expressed through an act of
joy. A speaker may not overtly express gratitude when
he or she focuses on expressing his or her joy at a favor
or respect shown to him or her in the communication
process. At such a time, his gratitude is secretly
expressed through an act of joy. In general, it can be
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
41
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
36-44
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
said that the feeling of gratitude often appears
together with positive emotions - joy, surprise, etc.,
emphasis on them leads to the relegation of the feeling
of gratitude to the second plan.
The following poetic passage reflects the poet’s joy
and happiness from the good things shown to him.
While expressing his happiness, the poet points out
that he is grateful to his friends:
Eldoshlarim...
Menga so‘zlar bergan, menga kuy bergan,
Bir-
biriga ulashgan qator to‘y bergan,
Eldoshlarim...
Ming bora aylanay himmatingizdan,
Taqdir suyub bergan davlatingizdan,
Eldoshlarim... (E.Shukur. “Minnatdorchilik”)
The following speech act consists of three syntactic
constructions and reflects the speaker's joy at the
attention shown to him. This happiness is caused by
the speaker's feeling of gratitude, and this emotional
reaction is indirectly expressed in the speech act:
Men qari bo‘rini yo‘qlab kelganlaringizdan boshim
osmonga yetdi. E'tiborlaringizdan ko‘kka yetgan
boshimni egib, yerga tekkunga qadar ta'zimdaman. Bu
yorug olamda insonni inson yo‘qlashidan ulug‘ ne'mat
yo‘qdir. (N.Qobul. “Etti iqlim hoqoni yoxud axt va
taxt”)
6. Gratitude is indirectly expressed through an act of
recognition. For example:
Eldoshlarim...
Umrimga, ko‘nglimga ma'nilar be
rgan
–
Davra-
davra og‘a
-inilar bergan,
Eldoshlarim...(E.Shukur. “Minnatdorchilik”)
In this poetic text, the poet's recognition of the
goodness of his friends and his gratitude for his
background are reflected. But the poet's gratitude to
his friends is indirectly expressed in the speech act.
7. Gratitude is indirectly expressed through an act of
consent. A person is always happy to be recognized for
the good deeds he has done, and feels grateful for the
recognition at such a time. He expresses gratitude
indirectly by expressing his appreciation for the good
he has done. For example:
Akbar Mohim enagani alohida ehtirom qilib:
–
Ulug‘
ena, siz menga qanday yaxshiliklar qilganingizni hech
vaqt unutmagaymen,
–
dedi.
–
Sizga doim farzanddek
oqibat ko‘rsatish hara
katidamen.
–
Rost, hazratim, menga qilgan oliy inoyatlaringiz
uchun oq sutimdan mingdan ming rozimen!
(P.Qodirov. “Humoyuk va Akbar”)
It is understood from the text that the nanny Akbar
secretly expressed his gratitude for the recognition of
his good deeds by expressing his approval of the white
milk he gave to Mirza.
8. Gratitude is indirectly expressed through an act of
appreciation. When the main goal of the speaker is not
to express the feeling of gratitude, but to evaluate the
kindness and respect done to him, the expression of
the feeling of gratitude falls to the second level and is
expressed through the act of indirect assessment. As
T.V. Larina noted, at such a time, gratitude appears
implicitly, because in it emotional evaluation is more
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
42
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
36-44
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
important
than a simple “thank you” [6.507]. For
example:
Hammasi juda zo‘r, ajoyib tadbir bo‘ldi! (So‘zl.)
It is understood from this speech act that the speaker's
feeling of gratitude is secretly expressed against the
background of his assessment of the event.
Z. Karimova compared the culture of expressing
gratitude for food in the English and Uzbek peoples
and came to the following conclusion: “After eating
food, English speakers express their gratitude mainly
by saying, “Thank you for the food, my dear!”
expressed through the expression. But Uzbek families
prefer to express their gratitude for the given food by
expressions such as “The food came out sweet, your
hands don’t hurt”, “The food was delicious, we
enjoyed it”. Such words are often spoken to
housewives and brides who prepare food. In Uzbek
families, such a positive assessment of food is an
expression of gratitude” [5.112]. Of course, even in
such a situation, the act of gratitude is indirectly
expressed in Uzbek. Uzbeks like to express their
emotional feelings by rating the food rather than
overtly expressing gratitude for it.
9. Gratitude is indirectly expressed through the act of
communication. The feeling of gratitude of this person
does not appear directly when the speaker in his
speech gives information about the fact that the other
person expressed gratitude to someone. Since the
main purpose of the speaker is to inform, gratitude is
implied in the background of the message. For
example, Abdurahmon mahdumga rahmat aytdi va
ketish uchun qo‘zg‘aldi. (A.Qodiriy. “Mehrobdan
chayon”) In the speech act, Abdurrahman’s gratitude
to Mahdum was expressed in the form of a message.
Sometimes it is observed that the speaker indirectly
expresses the feeling of gratitude in the act of
communication with interest and through units such as
in a grateful tone:
–
Bu yaxshiliq arzadan ham burun mirzaboshidan
bo‘ldi, deb o‘yladim. Balalarning kengashi bilan ikki
bo‘zni ko‘tarib shom paytida mirzaning uyiga bordim.
Chaqirdim, chiqdi. Minnatdorchilik bilan ikki bo‘zni
uzatdim; asti olsa-
chi. (A.Qodiriy. “Mehrobdan
chayon”)
10. Gratitude is expressed indirectly through an act of
affirmation. Sometimes the speaker expresses his
gratitude for the favor by confirming the interlocutor's
information about the favor done or the respect
shown. At such a time, his main attention is focused on
confirming the information being transmitted, and the
expression of gratitude goes to the background. In this
way, the speaker’s gratitude is indirectly expressed
through an act of affirmation. For example:
... garchi o‘zi rizoliq bermasa ham bir necha mirzolar
shogirdingiz mirzo Anvarning ham nomzadini xolis
ariza bilan janobga manzur qilg‘an edik. Umid
Xudodan, yorlig‘ mirzo Anvarga qoyim bo‘lur, deb
turamiz...
–
Bir necha yaxshilarning Anvarga
bo‘lg‘an husni
tavajjuhlarini eshitkan edim,
–
dedi mahdum minnatdor
ohangda... (A.Qodiriy. “Mehrobdan chayon”)
“Bir necha yaxshilarning Anvarga bo‘lg‘an husni
tavajjuhlarini eshitkan edim” in the speech act,
Mahdum’s confirmation that Anwar Mirza's cand
idate
was recommended to the Khan was reflected. The
combination of grateful tone mentioned in the writer’s
comment means that the speaker expressed gratitude
through this speech act.
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
43
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
36-44
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
11. Gratitude is expressed indirectly through the act of
refusal. Although the addressee rejects any given offer
or service, he wants to feel gratitude for this offer or
service. In this case, the feeling of gratitude is indirectly
expressed through his behavior, facial expression, and
eye gaze. In written speech, when reflecting such an
expression of gratitude, expressions that indicate a
state of gratitude are used, such as gratefully. For
example:
–
Senga ham konsertga bilet olaymi?
Ergash minnatdor o
hangda “Men bora olmayman!” ,
dedi. (So‘zl.)
It is characteristic that Uzbeks often use the word
“thank you” to express rejection, that is, denial. At
such times, the negation is indirectly expressed
through the speech act of gratitude. Compare:
–
Kuzatib boraymi?
–
dedi injener.
–
Rahmat!
–
Sherzod bosh chayqadi.
–
Kaska bersangiz
bo‘ldi. O‘zim topib olaman. (O‘.Hoshimov. “Nur borki,
soya bor”)
In this dialogic text, the host of the speech is shown in
rejecting the offer Thank you! used a speech act. The
fact that this speech act is used to express negation is
understood by the unit of head shaking. The speaker
declined the offer by thanking him on the grounds of
rhetorical etiquette.
In the example below, the speaker also used the
speech act of thanks in rejecting the offer:
Sayfi Soqievich tumbochka ustiga gazeta yozib, patir,
yaproq-
yaproq to‘g‘ralgan qazi tayyorlab qo‘ygan
ekan.
–
O‘tiring, –
dedi u Sherzodga qaramay. Chamasi,
boyagi keskinlikning zahri xiyla ko‘tarilgan edi.
–
Rahmat!
–
Sherzod samimiy ohangda tashakkur
bildirdi.
–
Hozir kechki ovqatga boramiz. (O‘.Hoshimov.
“Nur borki, soya bor”)
Z. Karimova explains the rejection expressed in this
type of speech with the fact that “because of this,
Uzbeks cannot express their language openly in many
situations, they find an excuse in order not to upset the
interlocutor when denying the offer” [5.114].
12. Gratitude is indirectly expressed through non-verbal
means. Speech acts of gratitude in oral speech are
often accompanied by non-verbal means. A
person’s
feeling of gratitude is manifested, at least in facial
expressions, in the look of the eyes.
When the feeling of gratitude is expressed in this way,
the speech act consists of non-verbal means of
expressing gratitude. In written speech, the speaker
expresses such gratitude qo‘l bilan yelkasini qoqmoq,
kaftini ko‘ksiga qo‘ymoq, qo‘lini ko‘ksiga qo‘ymoq,
samimiy tabassum qilmoq, nim tabassum qilmoq, qo‘zi
bilan mnnatdorchilik bildirmoq, bosh egib ta'zim
qilmoq uses units. At this time, the text expresses
gratitude indirectly. For example:
Yo‘ldosh Oxunboboev shaxsan o‘zi kelib, yelkamga
qoqdi! Shaxsan o‘zi kelib, ko‘kragimga nishon taqdi!
(T.Murod. “Yulduzlar mangu yonadi”)
In the given text, the gesture of patting the shoulder
means gratitude is understood by the speech act of
gratitude used in the previous sentence, “The adults
were grateful for my chairmanship”.
Volume 03 Issue 07-2023
44
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
07
Pages:
36-44
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In the process of communication, the feeling of
gratitude is also indirectly expressed through eye
contact. In written speech, the combination of
thanking with the eyes is used to express it. For
example:
Salim oltin piyolaga quyilgan muzdek obihayotni ichib,
ancha
tetiklandi. Otasiga minnatdor ko‘zlar bilan qarab dedi:
–
Hazrat otajon, sizdan ham, munis onajonlarimdan
ham yashiradigan s
irim yo‘q. Sizning dushmanlaringiz –
mening ham
dushmanimdirlar
… (P.Qodirov.
“Humoyun va Akbar”)
When the speech act of gratitude is formed by means
of language, the accompanying non-verbal means
serve to strongly express the feeling of gratitude and
show its level. For example:
Nizom quvonch va hayajon ichida o‘rnidan turib
Humoyunga ta'zim bilan minnatdorchilik bildirdi.
(P.Qodirov. “Humoyun va Akbar”)
Rahmat, qo‘lini ko‘ksiga qo‘ydi Ibroyim. Bu
yaxshiligingizni unutmayman. (A.Yo‘ldosh. “Meni
sindirish
di…”)
In the given speech acts, the feeling of gratitude is
expressed along with the act of bowing and placing the
hand on the chest, which shows that it is sincerely
expressed from the heart.
In the following example, the gesture of placing the
palm on the chest served to fill the expressed gratitude
with content:
Salomlashganda terakdek qomatini ikki bukib, mavrid-
bemavrid “katta rahmat” deya kaftini ko‘ksiga qo‘yib
turadi. (E.A’zam. “Pakananing oshiq ko‘ngli”)
CONCLUSION
So, in the Uzbek language, a pe
rson’s feeling of
gratitude is expressed in an indirect way against the
background of other speech acts. At such a time,
gratitude has a hidden character, the semantics of the
speech act.
REFERENCES
1.
Kurbanova M. Pragmatic features of Uzbek
children's speech: Philol. science. doc. ... diss. -
Tashkent, 2018.
–
P. 28.
2.
Safarov Sh. Pragmalinguistics. - Tashkent:
National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan, 2008.
–
P.
104;105
3.
Sobirova M. Methods of expression of speech
acts in newspaper texts // Scientific-
methodological electronic journal “Foreign
Languages in Uzbekistan”, 2020, –
№ 3 (32). –
Б. 42
-51.
4.
Kholmatova V. Means of realizing the content
of speech acts // “Science and Education”
Scientific Journal. 2023.
–
№ 4. Issue 3. –
P.917-
922.
5.
Karimova Z. Sociopragmatic features of
utterances in Uzbek and English languages:
Philology. science. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
… diss.
- Tashkent, 2021.
–
P. 111;112;114
6.
Larina T.V. Category of politeness and style of
communication. Comparison of English and
Russian linguistic and cultural traditions. -
Moscow: Manuscript monuments of Ancient
Rus’, 2009.
- P. 343. (- 507 p.)
