Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
49
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
49-55
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article is dedicated to the analyses of the frequency of verb tenses in (oral) speech by the methods of N. Ya.
Sheyko. The methods used by N. Ya. Sheyko based on the analyses of literary materials. In this investigation there
were shown the percentage of the usage of verb tenses in English and Uzbek. The work includes the table of the
dosage of verb tenses in both languages. It helps to create an opportunity in valid choice of language materials in
learning grammar.
KEYWORDS
Frequency, dosage, analyses, verb tenses, language materials.
INTRODUCTION
The dosage of using verb-tenses are different in any
languages. It is difficult to analyze the usage of verb-
tenses in oral speech spontaneously. In many cases
there was a need to analyze the frequency of the usage
of verb-tenses in the language. We know that the any
language phenomenon is closely related with grammar
structure. In learning of language materials there is a
need to deals with their order or dosage. From the
history of analyzing verb-tenses of English we
distinguish the works of famous Russian scholars, who
made success on this sphere. Today these analyses
done by computer programs, investigates not only the
frequency of the verb-tenses in oral speech, but also
the percentage of their usage in several years. The
corpus linguistics based on computer program help us
to make any statistical and linguistic analyses of any
language phenomenon.
In his work on determining the frequency of the usage
of English verb-tenses N.Y.Sheyko paid attention to
creation
of
textbooks
in
foreign
language
(especially, textbooks of oral speech). He considers
Research Article
ANALYSIS OF THE FREQUENCY OF THE USAGE OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK
VERB TENSES IN (ORAL) SPEECH BY THE METHODS OF N. Y. SHEYKO
Submission Date:
June 14, 2023,
Accepted Date:
June 19, 2023,
Published Date:
June 24, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume03Issue06-09
Rakhimov Mubin Murodovich
Teacher At English Literature Department, Bukhara State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
50
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
49-55
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
that, the main practical meaning for making textbooks
in foreign language (English) and for rational
placement and dosage of language material in learning
process has the determination of concerning
frequency of using one or other language components
[3:197].
Language in common is practically endless, and make
success in learning language is possible only by the
preliminary choosing that components of it, which are
the most usualness and consequently necessary for
communication of chosen sphere [3]. It is interesting
that, until the investigation of N.Y. Sheyko much
attention was spent to the research on frequency of
using sentences, but the works on definition of
frequency of grammatical structures were in a bad
condition.
In his work he considered questions on frequency of
using finite forms (moods and modal forms) of English
verb in modern dialogues. Structure with the finite
forms of the verb belongs to the most extended
phenomena in oral speech, so as in written forms of
communication, that considers itself the actuality of
the given problem for the methods of teaching
languages.
The statistical investigation on using the structure
of verb-tenses hold by N. Y. Sheyko is based on the
material of modern plays and dialogical parts by British
and American writers, which were written and
published mainly in 1950’s.
There were investigated the dialogues with the volume
of 300000 words. Defining the percent of frequency of
one or another finite form of verbs were produced
according to the sums of all predicative units, i.e. all
the cases of using the finite forms of the verbs in
compound and complex sentences, and quantities of
all sentences, which do not include finite forms of the
verb (i.e sentences with the partial or hole ellipses of
the predicate in mono, compound and word-
sentences).
Investigating these N. Y. Sheyko discovered that the
per-sent of non- verbal (the sentences which do not
contain the finite forms of the verb) sentences in
modern dialogic speech was appeared high enough: it
was fluctuated from 6,6% to 21,7% containing overage
13,6% from all the verbal units. [3:199].
The results of the investigations were given on the
table (№1 next page). For his investigation he used the
following original sources:
1.
W. Greenwod. Saturday Night at the Grown.
London 1958
2.
Bruce Ashton. To Serve a King. London 1957.
3.
James Hesketh. The Dancing Highwayman.
London 1957.
4.
John Osborn. Look Back in Anger. New-York,
1957.
5.
Shelagh Delaney. A Taste of Honey. London,
1959.
6.
William Saroyan. The Cave Dwellers. New -
York, 1958.
7.
Jane Roberston. Walk into My Par lour.
London, 1955
8.
William Igne. Bus Stop. New York 1958
9.
Robert Anderson. Tea and Sympathy. New-
York, 1958
10.
Eugene O’Neill. Moon for the Misbegotten.
London 1960.
11.
William Faulkner. That Evening Sun. Moscow,
1958
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
51
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
49-55
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
12.
Dorothy Parker. Arrangenment in Black and
White. Moscow, 1960
13.
John
Steinbeck.
The
Chrysanthemums.
Moscow, 1960
14.
William Saroyan. Piano. Moscow, 1960
15.
Mitchell Wilson. Live with Lightning. Moscow,
1957
Table-1
Frequency of using verb-tenses in indicative mood
Indefinite
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect
continuous
Present
Past
future
Future
In the
past
present
past
future
Present
Past
futu
re
Present
40\1,5
10,9\0,6
5,1
0.2
5
1,1
0,2
5,1\0,4
0,2
-
0,2
43.5\1.7
9,9\1,1
8,9\0,3
0,2
2,3
-
0,1
6,4\0,1
0,6
-
-
33,5\1,8
13\0,3
4,7\0,9
-
2,7\0,1
0,3
-
4\0,5
0,9\0,1
0,1
0,2
42,2\1
16,3\0,7
4,5\0,1
0,3
4,1
0,9
0,2
5,3
1,1
-
0,4
40,2\1,4
11,8\0,3
4,5
0,2
5,1
0,6
-
5,4
0,2
-
0,3
39,5\1,2
19,6\0,3
3,6
0,1
1,8
0,2
-
4,6
-
-
10\1,9
11,7\0,5
4,2
0,4
3,3\0,1
0,6
2
5,11,6
0,4
-
0.5
41,9\1,6
15,4\0,4
4,4
0,5
5,6
1,3
-
3,63,7
0,6
-
0,2
37,2\1,2
16,6\0,8
3,7\0,1
0,3
4,5
0,8
0,3
2
0,4
-
0,2
37\0,7
19,7\0,5
7,7
1,3
2,2
1,2
-
2,1
0,9
0,1
0,2
36,2\2
13,6\0,5
8,8\0,1
0,5
6,5
-
-
1,8
-
-
-
60,2\1,1
11\0,4
3,2
0,3
2,5
0,3
-
1,2
-
-
0,3
53,1\1.5
10
9
-
1,5
0,9
-
3,1
-
-
-
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
52
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
49-55
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
55,8\1,5
6,9
2,3
-
-
-
-
1,2
-
-
1,2
46\1
15\0,4
6,02
-
4,3
1,2
-
3,1
1,5
-
0,3
35,3
6,9
2,3
0,1
1,5
0,2
0,1
1,2
0,2
0,1
0,2
61,3
20,2
9,2
1,3
6,5
1,3
2
6,5
1,1
0,1
1,2
44,5
13,9
5,5
0,2
3,4
0,6
0,2
3,7
0,4
-
0,3
From the received information’s N. Y. Sheyko came to
the following conclusions:
1) In fact, there were considered the following verb-
tenses of indicative mood in common use (which are
meet in the events more than 2%)
Present indefinite average percent----44,5%
Past indefinite---------------------13,9%
Future indefinite-------------------5,5%
Present perfect---------------------3,7%
Present continuous----------------3,4%
According to N.Y. Sheyko in these 5 tenses in sums fits
70% of all predicative units, when in another tenses of
indicative and indirect moods comes in sums only 7,4 %
of predicative units.
It follows that, the usage of five tense-structures in
active (with nonverbal structures and imperative) is
turned out enough for overwhelming majority of vital
situations in oral dialogic communication.
2) During the making of textbooks of English oral
speech there is no grounds getting of this order of
introducing verb-tenses, which are dictated with their
frequency.
Half of the predicative units are related to the present
indefinite active. That’s why the beginning and
continuous periods of learning should be devoted to
inculcation in communication of given tenses.
The order of using 4 tenses according to their
frequency is bricked only in one situation: on teaching
children of pre-school or beginning stage (till the 5th
form there has the meaning that after the working off
present indefinite to transgress to the structures with
Present Continuous (description of pictures and
actions).
The tense- aspect form of the Present Continuous and
the Present Perfect possesses with originality of
semantic structure and functional peculiarities.
According to the statistical investigations of M. A.
Abdullaeva the Present
Continuous is comparatively rare phenomena: it’s
frequency is low-627 times from 108784(=0,5%), in
expressive oral speech for formation of action, which
is going on that moment, it often used Present
Indefinite in order to Present Continuous [1].
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
53
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
49-55
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
There are several views among the learners of English
about the quantity of tenses in the English language.
The widest one of them cite that there are more than
26 tenses in English. But, in fact there are only three
tenses in English: Present, Past and Future. But, there
appears another problem: What are “simple (general
and repeated action), continuous (progressive and
temporary actions), perfect (actions with some results
in the present, that is now), perfect continuous
(actions lasted for a particula
r period of time)”
considered then? In fact we had better call them not
“tenses” but “aspects of the time or of the tenses in
English”. And these aspects exist both in Uzbek and in
other languages as well. As it is said in in the glossary
Cambridge grammar of English (a book on English
grammar in an electronic version) “Aspect indicates
the speaker’s perspective on time as indicated in a verb
phrase, particularly whether an action is treated as
finished or is still in progress or still relevant to the
moment of speaking. English has two aspects: perfect
and progressive (sometimes known as continuous)”
[5]. All this is very correct and officially true as it has
been proved in many dictionaries with the
explanations such as “aspect /
ˈ
æs.pekt/ noun [C or U]
specialized the form of a verb which shows how the
meaning of a verb is considered in relation to time,
typically expressing whether an action is complete,
repeated or continuous” [8], “ [uncountable and
countable] technical the form of a verb in grammar
that shows whether an action is continuing, or
happens always, again and again, or once” [2].
Those who say that there are more than 20 tenses in
English count them in Active Voice as Present Simple,
Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Present Perfect
continuous, Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past
Perfect, Past Perfect continuous, Future Simple, Future
Continuous, Future Perfect, Future Perfect continuous
and add available Passive Voice forms of these tense
forms/aspects in Present, Past, and Future tenses. If
this is considered true then there should be the forms
of tenses according to the construction “have
something done” and others. As it has been given
above, there are the aspects in Uzbek too, but not
many of the learners of English notice that. Therefore,
the experience on using grammatical aspects of time is
not wide and cannot give the imagination of their use
in its whole view. Analyzing the uses of these aspects
in Uzbek we can say that the progressive aspect of
time, which is given as “to be + V.ing” in English, can be
given with the help of suffixes “
-moq, moqda, -
yapti”
in Uzbek. It depends on the situation or the style of
speech which one to choose “
-moq, -
moqda” or
-
yapti”. “
-
moq” and “moqda” are more formal than “
-
yapti”.
In the Uzbek grammar, the verb plays the main role. In
the procedure of making sentence-structure the verb
comes as predicate.
Predicate in Uzbek differ from English by its placing at
the end of sentence. In the Uzbek languages, the
verb- tenses the attitude of action to the moment of
speech [9].
As we said, that in Uzbek grammar there are not any
works dedicated to the working out of ordered norms
of using verb-tenses in oral speech. This question
needs to its resolving.
As so, we had dedicated this chapter to determine the
usage of verb tenses in both languages, that we must
try to answer the question commonly.
We decided to learn this problem by three ways:
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
54
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
49-55
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
•
To learn the material of the textbooks of
mother tongue for all stage
•
To analyze all plays by Uzbek writers in the last
six years and determine as the most used verb
–
tense
in the dialogs
•
To determine that verb-tenses which was given
more explanations on the grammar.
a) Analyzing textbooks of native language for all the
stage, we determine the verb-tenses given in the
school program.
We do not meet any grammar rules or explanations in
the textbook of 2nd and 3rd form.
In the textbook of 4th form a number of grammar
exercises appointed for past tense [10].
The verb-tenses in the textbooks of 5th form are
divided into 3 groups:
1.Future tense, 2. Present tense, 3. Past tense. In this
textbook, the future tense is learned deeply than other
two tenses. It is divided into 3 groups [9].
For the textbook of 7th form it is characteristic that
there are given the distinction of past tenses, as in this
part we can meet a number of exercises for learning it.
[4].
We do not meet the parts on categories of verb in
another textbook, because in another stages of
education more hours are given for learning sentence-
structure (common-compound).
All the given below information are approximate
rough, so as, the verb tenses of the Uzbek language are
learned automatically by Uzbek schoolchildren during
the communication.
II For investigating the frequency of verb-tenses of
Uzbek in the plays of Uzbek writers, we choose the
dialogues and monologues of 5 plays which were
published in 1998- 2004. There is the list of this plays:
1.
Q
o’shjonov M. Diydor. Т., 2004
2.
Maxmud T. Omonat dunyo. Т., 2004
3.
Said Ahmad. Ko’chada qolgan odam. Т., 2004
4.
Farmon O. Yovvoyi odam. Т., 2003
5.
Hoshimov O’. Nurli dunyo. Т., 1998
We cannot determine the percent of frequency of
verb- tenses as N. Y. Sheyko, because there do not any
information about the procedure of his analyses. And
the frequency of verb-tenses in these 5 plays will be
given commonly.
Investigating we revealed that in all the 5 plays about
90% of monological speech given in the past. Dialogical
speech of the first play is mainly in the past tense, than
follows the future tense and at the end the present
tense.
But in the second play we often meet dialogues in the
future tense, and the dialogues in the present tense
and in the past tense is met seldom.
In the dialogue speech of the third play is characteristic
that the future and past tenses of the Uzbek language
are equal.
In another plays the dialogic speech is mainly given in
the past tense, then follow the future and present
tenses.
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
55
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
49-55
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
CONCLUSION
According to this investigation we concluded that, N.
Ya. Sheyko made a valid analysis of the verb-tenses of
English through learning dialogical speech in literary
works. Statistical order of verb-tenses of English made
by N. Ya. Sheyko showed that, present simple, past
simple and future simple are used frequent then other
tenses. It means that when we start to learn the
language, one should pay attention to the choice of
grammar materials while learning verb-tenses. The
same analyses done in Uzbek language showed that in
oral speech of Uzbek language is mainly used the past
tenses. It explained by the language family and
language group.
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1.
Abdullayeva M. A. Functional approach in
teaching English grammar to the university
students. “Pedagogical science”., Dushanbe
-
1991
2.
Насирдинов, О. А. Aspects of the tenses in the
Uzbek and in the English Languages., О. А.
Насирдинов. —
Текст: непосредственный
“Молодой ученый”. , 2017. —
№ 27 (161). —
c.
172-173.
3.
Шейко Н.Я. Относительная частотность
употребления временныхглагольных форм
английского
языка,
а
современном
диолгическим речи. Пятигорск., 1969.
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Bakhshilloyevna,
Khamdamova
Sitora.
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Bakhshilloyevna, Khamdamova Sitora, and
Yusupova Hilola Uktamovna. "SYMBOLISM IN
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Asian Journal of Literature, Philosophy and
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6.
Khamdamova, S. B. "Interpretation of
antonomasia in the translations of Abdulla
Kadiri's Novel" Days Gone By." Electronic
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Education And Training. June,-III. ISSN. Kielce:
Laboratorium Wiedzy Artur Borcuch (2020).
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Cambridge Grammar of English, CD version
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edit.
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Fayziev, Bakhodir Bakhshilloevich. "FEATURES
OF THE TRANSLATION OF CHILDREN'S
FANTASY." Eurasian Journal of Social Sciences,
Philosophy and Culture 2.5 (2022): 318-324.
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Fayziyev, Baxodir. "LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF
THE ENGLISH LITERARY TALE" ALICE IN
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(2022).
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Walker, E. and Elsworth, S. (2000) Grammar
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