Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
51
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
51-56
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article highlights the issues of updating the poetic image in the work of Tulagan Khodjamerov Tavallo, the
influence of socio-historical conditions on him. Tavallo's ability to create an image, creative works created under the
influence of historical events, were evaluated from the point of view of literary criticism.
KEYWORDS
Jadid literature, historical conditions, poetic image, literary and aesthetic thinking, image renewal.
INTRODUCTION
The socio-historical conditions of the second half of the
19th century completely changed the literature of the
beginning of the 20th century. During this period, the
movement of national revival began not only in
Turkestan, but also in many colonies of the world. It
was understood that nothing can be achieved without
waking up the nation from ignorance and creating a
desire for development in the spirit of the people.
Literature was turned into a tool of struggle against
ignorance by the enlightened people, and it was turned
into a weapon of liberation from colonial oppression by
the representatives of Jadid.
METHODOLOGY
Jadid writers, including Tavallo, who aimed to awaken
the nation, "tried to express new themes through new
Research Article
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL REALITY IN THE RISE OF THE WORK OF THE JADID
POET TAVALLO
Submission Date:
April 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
March 25, 2023,
Published Date:
April 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume03Issue04-10
Rakhmonova Dildora Mirzakarimovna
Senior Lecturer Of Tashkent State University Of Uzbek Language And Literature Named After Alisher Navoi,
Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
52
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
51-56
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
images" [1; 183]. The need to express ideas through
works of art has increased. "The ancients turned
centuries-old Uzbek poetry from a melody into a
prayer" [1; 184].
The conditions of colonialism, the discrimination of the
nation by the Russians, the factors that inevitably
cause illiteracy formed a separate image and theme in
Tavallo's work.
The image of love existing in traditional literature was
given a completely new interpretation by Tavallo. From
the language of a lover in the early stages of his work:
Qachonkim, g‘am yukin solding, boshimg‘a qad kamon
o‘ldum,
Raqibim birla yurding, rashkdin men shul zamon
o‘ldum,
Netay qon yig‘lamay, arzim deyolmay bezabon o‘ldum,
Bahori orazingdin to judo o‘ldum, xazon o‘ldum,
Visoling ko‘rguzub, ey boisi amnu amonim, kel [2; 109],
the creator, who ended up with such lines, later
changed the image of the mistress to the concepts of
Nation and Homeland:
Soch oqar
sa, qayg‘u millatda, yoronlar, shodman,
Tomsa tinmay yoshlarim o‘rnig‘a qonlar shodman,
Hasrati millat uchun qilsam fig‘onlar shodman,
Ukkudek tutsam xarobotda makonlar shodman,
Chiq
ichimdan,
jonim,
ey
san
manga
hamdamlashmasang [2; 98].
RESULTS
At this point, it is fair to emphasize that against the
background of socio-historical events, in Tavallo's
work, contrary to the previous motives, one can find
poems in the spirit of welcoming Akposhsha and his
politics, the First World War, the events of labor
recruitment, and the October Revolution.
Siza yangi hukumat bas, musallam taxtga miningiz,
Adolat masnadida bir Xudo pushti panohingiz,
Zumurrad, la’l, yoqut toj bosh uzra kulohingiz,
Hamisha sidqi ixlos ila bizlar uzrxohingiz,
Tavallo ayladik dargohi Haqg‘a
biz musulmonlar,
Vatanga hamvatanmiz deb biling emdi, slavyanlar [2;
112],
He applauds the participation of the Russian Empire in
the First World War, which lasted from 1914 to 1918,
and the policy of Okposhsho.
Like Ismail Gaspirinsky and Mahmudhoja Behbudi,
Tavallo, who preferred compromise with Russian
politics, planned to achieve enlightenment by any
means, to gain freedom and rights through science.
Unlike the officials who are bloodthirsty and hate the
local population, A. knows Turkestan relatively well. N.
Kuropatkin's appointment as governor-general meant
a concession by the Russian government against the
background of labor events. These changes gave
Tavallo special hope and according to A. N. Kuropatkin:
Xush kelibsiz shahrimizga, ey ulug‘ oliy
maqom,
Siz adolat taxti uzra o‘ltiring, bizdir g‘ulom.
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
53
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
51-56
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Taxti davlat, taxti izzat, fathi nusrat biz tilab
Uxlamasmiz yolborib, avlod bizlar subhu shom,
the poem is over. He now strongly believed that the
colonial policy would change. The editor-in-chief of
"Gazette of Turkestan Region" N. P. The influence of
Ostroumov should not be overlooked.
But after some time - in 1925, in the magazine
"Mushtum" the poet published a poem entitled "The
mill in turn" (new-time Ramadan):
Ishchi yutdi, boylar yutqazdi-ku,
Oktabr oyi bizni qutqazdi-ku!..
Siz uchun erdi Xudodek Nekolay,
Qoyil o‘ldingizmi, bir qulluq qilay...
It can be seen from these lines that the socio-historical
conditions influenced the formation and change of the
poet's poetic thinking and aesthetic ideals.
"October song" published under the pseudonym
"Magzhava" in the November 7, 1925, 19-20 issue of
"Mushtum" magazine also serves to give us a clear idea
of the changes in his work:
O‘ktabr, sen bizni ozod aylading,
Zanjirlarni uzib barbod aylading,
Kambag‘allar ko‘nglin ko‘b shod aylading,
Obodonlig‘ o‘zing bunyod aylading,
Qilsun tinmay boylar armon, O‘ktabr!
In terms of the form of expression, weight, and theme,
it can be felt that he is now a creator of a completely
different direction, that he now looks at the world with
a special look, that he has turned from Tavallo, into a
purposeful, ironic satirist and publicist.
DISCUSSION
Tavallo, like the power of human thought, used his pen
on topics he believed in. We think that a person should
be asked, "Why don't you think like us?" or "Why did
you think wrong?" It is not appropriate to analyze it as
such, but it is necessary to include these examples of
creativity in the framework of literary analysis, as well
as the stages of the creation of the creator.
At this point, the following thoughts from Azad
Sharafiddinov's article entitled "Adabiyot yasha - millat
yashar" come to mind: "...This should not be seen as a
retreat from one's faith... First of all, it should be said
that as the system of authoritarianism grows and the
attacks of the ruling ideology intensify, especially from
the beginning of the 30s, phenomena such as
"glorifying the Soviet reality, glorifying the leadership
role of the party, creating the image of a genius"
spread very widely in literature. Poets and writers who
did not follow this path were considered openly
counter-revolutionary, nationalist poets" [3; 366].
From this point of view, it is possible to connect the
unique thinking of the creator who was singing praises
to Nikolay-u Kuropatkin yesterday with a simple human
factor - measures such as self-protection and caution.
"Why didn't he face death?", "Why didn't he risk his life
to tell the truth?" It is not the place to ask such
questions, in our opinion. Because Tavallo, like other
artists, did not aim to be an aesthetic ideal, but to
create.
In this regard, it is appropriate to analyze whether the
newspapers and magazines that appeared in the
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
54
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
51-56
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
world, as well as the environment around them,
influenced Tavallo's work. In particular, the "Gazette of
the Turkestan region", which was published in
Tashkent in 1870, was not only the first example of a
press published in the local language, but it is noted in
many literatures that it served as a propaganda tool of
Akposhsha. "Although the newspaper was edited by
Tatars like Sh. Ibrohimov (1872), H. Chanishev (1881),
and Uzbeks like I. Khudoyorkhanov (1893), its original
owner and guide was N. Ostroumov. Accordingly, it
was impossible for it to be a national newspaper" [4;
209]. Also, N.Ostroumov gave "assignments" to most
of the local creative people to create works on topics
favorable to the Tsar's government, and only through
this, there was an opportunity to appear in the
newspaper. Active authors, while fulfilling the "order",
also acquired the "right" to express the problems of
everyday life through the "Gazette of the Turkistan
Region". Naturally, Tolagan Khojamyorov did not miss
this opportunity. Between 1914 and 1916, more than
ten journalistic articles and six poems were published
in the "Gazette of the Turkistan region".
"The newspaper tried to publish more works devoted
to various topics of domestic life in Turkestan," writes
A. Jalolov.
–
But the interesting thing is that the
newspaper does not print every work that casts a
"smudge" on Russia, the "white prince", its politics,
and the Russian authorities in Turkestan, and destroys
their reputation. was organizing slanders. As a result of
a careful analysis of the "Gazette of the Turkestan
region", we were convinced that its pages did not
contain any article or poem, material, even a small
amount of information, which was against Russia, its
colonial policy in Turkestan, or even hinted at it. We did
not find that it was published" [5; 23-24]. On the eve of
the first bourgeois revolution, its literary content
expanded a little, more articles and poems related to
enlightenment, science, fiction began to be published
on its pages. There were specific reasons for this. First
of all, N.P. Ostroumov gathered Turkestan intellectuals
around him and wanted to take their "reins". Secondly,
through them, they sought to spread Russian policy to
Turkestan more widely. Thirdly, he tried to increase the
popularity of the newspaper among the people. During
the First World War, the direction of newspapers and
magazines published in Turkestan also changed. The
theme of war entered the periodical press and the
literature of the time. N. Ostroumov gave "orders" to
Uzbek artists to write works that wished Russia
victories, praised and glorified the "white horse".
As a result, a series of "commissioned" poems
appeared in Uzbek literature. The artistic level of the
"Order" works was extremely low, and they mostly
consisted of a collection of simple rhyming words.
The poets who wrote such poems, firstly, because they
penned a subject they did not know well, they turned
out to be too soulful and far from artistic, and secondly,
because the creators wrote these "orders" against
their will, they were created without light.
From the pulpit of speaking to the nation:
Kel, Tavallo, sen haqiqat so‘zni yoz, yoshurmay hech,
Zoe’ o‘lmas millata har qancha xidmatlar darig‘,
A poet who could say such slogans finished his
devotional poems with the demands of social, political,
and historical conditions. At the same time that the
Tsar's government was recruiting young men from the
local population to work behind the front lines, Tavallo
also composed a series of poems urging the people of
Turkestan to go to work.
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
55
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
51-56
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
CONCLUSIONS
We believe that such lines are a product of the existing
socio-historical conditions in Turkestan and the artist's
thinking at that time, and it is more appropriate to
evaluate his poetic skills than to judge his choice
according to the criteria of artistry. Because the
creator, like everyone else, can reach the truth through
discussions, hesitations, and discoveries, and in this
process, he can take an unexpected path in a human
way.
At one of the gatherings, Tavallo said: "The Uzbek
people, because of their lack of unity and cowardice,
fell into slavery to the "red" and remained in a
shameful situation... If I had known that the revolution
would bring us to such a situation, I would have fought
against it with my head..." This quote also confirms our
above point.
The fact that the content of Tavallo's work has
changed from time to time is explained by the
historical and political conditions, the changes in the
worldview, and the discovery of the truth.
In the early years of his work, he dabbled in classical
genres of Eastern poetry, but "divine love" or
"metaphorical love" was not the leading theme in his
works. That is why Tavallo's works were almost never
referred to in the creation of bayoz, which took on a
traditional form at the end of the 19th century and the
beginning of the 20th century (with the exception of
the "Sabzazor" bayoz, which contains educational
poems). It is appropriate to interpret this not as a
doubt about his talent, but rather as a case related to
the theme of Bayoz.
Compilation of Tavallo's works began with the
"Sabzazor" collection, compiled in 1914. Two years
later, the poet collected and published his poems
under the name "Ravnaq ul-Islam". The influence of
socio-historical events on Tavallo's work can be seen
from the contents of this collection, that most of the
poems in the collection are dedicated to specific
events, in particular, 31 of them are about nation,
nationality; There are 7 poems on educational and
school topics, 5 poems on time and related news, 8
poems dedicated to the press and theater, 3 works on
the spirit of calling for development, 2 poems on
religious topics, and 3 laments. There are also works
written about hurriyat, homeland, wedding and
mourning, trade.
Tavallo, who was active in social life as well as in the
literary process, showed his approach to every event
through poems and articles on the pages of the
periodical press. That is, changes in the field of time
encouraged him to tackle new topics. Especially during
the years 1914-1917, Tavallo created prolifically.
Newspapers such as "Tarjumon", "Gazette of Turkistan
Region", "Sadoyi Turkistan", "Sadoyi Fergana",
"Samarkand", "Najot", magazines "Oyna", "Al-Islah",
"Al-Izah"
signed
by
Tolagan
Khojamyorov
Controversial articles and art samples were published.
Between 1924 and 1930, he became an active author of
"Mushtum" magazine.
From his biographical information, it is clear that
Tavallo became more active in his work from 1913. This
may be a product of his creative collaboration with
new publications in the national press.
Analyzing the socio-historical foundations of the
evolution of the poetic image in Tavallo's poetry, we
tried to determine the various life and political factors
that directly influenced him and shaped his worshiped
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
56
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
51-56
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
truths, the sources that were the reason and material
for writing, and the logic of their interpretation.
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