Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
47
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
47-50
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Intellectuals who lived and worked at the beginning of the 20th century conducted serious research to solve the
problems of our language. They organized a number of scientific conferences on the problem of alphabets and
spelling, discussed ways to solve problems in newspapers and magazines. Mahmud Khodiyev, who worked under the
pseudonym Botu, was such a passionate linguist, poet and publicist, one of the leading modern intellectuals. The
article mentions Bothu’s views on linguistics.
KEYWORDS
Botu, Jadids, Jadid linguistics, alphabet, literary language.
INTRODUCTION
Relation of moderns to the Uzbek literary language, its
lexicon and standards. The social, economic, cultural
and political changes that took place in the life of the
Uzbek people at the end of the 19th century - the
beginning of the 20th century were also reflected in
the attitudes and views towards the native language.
The political currents (intellectuals) that emerged in
the second half of the 19th century, along with
educational and political issues, began to conduct a
certain policy about the nation as a whole. This policy
became more widespread at the beginning of the 20th
century. The Jadids worked to form the Uzbek people
as a nation and considered this as their greatest goal.
It is known that in order for a nation to exist, along with
Research Article
BOTU’S VIEWS ON LINGUISTICS
Submission Date:
April 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
March 25, 2023,
Published Date:
April 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume03Issue04-09
Muyassarkhan Tokhtaboeva
Independent Researcher Uzbekistan State Institute Of Arts And Culture, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
48
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
47-50
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
social-political, territorial and spiritual-spiritual unity,
the most important language unity must also exist. The
moderns, who deeply understood the essence of the
issue, therefore worked towards the formation of a
single literary language for the Uzbek people and, on
its basis, a national literary language, and paid special
attention to it. They have done effective work to
restore the socio-political rights of the Uzbek language
and raise its status even higher [1].
THE MAIN FINDINGS AND RESULTS
In the 20s, the movement to bring the Uzbek literary
language closer to the spoken language began.
Ashurali Zahiri writes the following about this: “Our
language can be divided into three: 1) living language,
2) literary language, 3) scientific language. Although
there is little difference between a literary language
and a scientific language, there is a great difference (in
terms of growth and development) between a living
language and a literary language. The living language
also has many valuable works, all of which are called
folk literature. This (folk literature) is the basis of
literary and scientific language. The original natural
language is an unspoken language, the language of the
people. It was not without reason that the Jadids paid
special attention to the issue of language. Because
language is one of the main symbols of a nation. That
is why: “When a nation loses its language, it loses its
religion and nation,” says Ashurali Zahiri. “Oyna”
magazine, edited by Behbudi, paid special attention to
the language issue. In the press of this period, it was
encouraged to clean our language as much as possible
from foreign words, to study our own language in
depth and to look at it with love, but also to learn other
languages. In particular, in the 31st issue of 1914 of the
“Oyna” magazine, “S.A.” In the article “Every nation is
proud of its language”, the author writes: “If we do not
protect our language and literature, but add foreign
vocabulary and words to it, we will lose our language
and nation in a short time. When we lose our nation,
our
religion
will
certainly
disappear
by
itself...Therefore, protecting our language from
foreign words is the first important task for us.” Or
Abdulla Avloni, in the article “Not two, four languages
are necessary” published in issue 1 of this magazine in
1913, urges young people to learn many languages,
besides learning Arabic, Persian, Turkish, of course, to
learn European languages, especially Russian. It is
stated that the more thoroughly we know these
languages, the more we will be able to use the rich
cultural heritage left by our ancestors, and the more
we will be able to enjoy the scientific and cultural
innovations of today’s world. Thus, at the end of the
19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the
sense of national self-awareness grew among
intellectuals in Central Asia, especially in Uzbekistan.
He paid attention to the development of national
culture, bringing the literary language closer to the
spoken language. Due to this movement, special
importance was given to the issues of linguistics [2].
On the issue of standardizing the spelling of the Uzbek
language, Abdurauf Fitrat, Ashurali Zahiryy, and Botu
spoke at the National Uzbek Language and Spelling
Conference held in January 1921, and expressed his
fundamental opinions on the controversial issue: “The
writing of a backward nation in culture means a
backward nation. .Now I will not dwell here on the old
or middle spellers, because it is a thing of the past. As
for the new spellers, their paths and goals were seen
at the Tashkent Spelling Conference. In this lecture,
Botu, after thinking about issues such as the spelling of
capital letters, the achievements and shortcomings of
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
49
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
47-50
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
the Latin alphabet, summarizes his thoughts in the
fol
lowing four points”:
1.
In spelling reform, the issue of consonants and
vowels should be considered separately.
2.
Let the number of consonants be 23, and the
number of vowels be 6.
3.
Write only in capital letters.
4.
Let the foreign words that have entered our
language be written according to our own letters
and pronunciation.
Ashurali Zahiri, Abdurauf Fitrat, Elbek and other
intellectuals actively participate in the discussion. The
ideas put forward by Botu are taken into account, in
particular, when determining the number of vowels
and determining the spelling of foreign words.
It can be said that the analysis of materials related to
the development of Uzbek writing, spelling and
linguistics over the last century shows that during this
period, the enlightener who correctly understood the
place of writing and spelling in our socio-educational
life, therefore aimed to develop the literary language
by
enthusiastically
promoting
the
idea
of
democratization and nationalization of writing. our
compatriots were quite a lot. Among such luminaries
as Ashurali Zahiri, Fitrat, Elbek, Shakirjon Rahim, Ghazi
Olim, Otajon Hashim, Mannon Ramz, Shakir Sulaiman,
Qayyum Ramazan, Batu has a special place. Along with
his poetry, Botu left his name in the history of
linguistics with his journalistic articles, scientific articles
devoted to the current problems of alphabet and
linguistics. Many linguists, enlightened poets and
writers continued this work in the 1930s and 1940s.
The article was published in “Alanga” magazine in
1929. “Alanga” is a monthly literary and artistic
magazine, published in Samarkand in 1928-1930, the
first magazine printed in the Latin alphabet. For some
time, Botu (Mahmud Hodiev) was the editor, and many
of his literary-critical, scientific-popular articles were
published in this magazine. One of his articles in this
direction was written in 1928 “Kani, kim bor?” is an
article [3]. In this article, Botu very humorously
emphasizes the need to seriously analyze modern and
classical literature and its individual examples, and
writes the following: “...until recently, the processes in
the world of art and literature have not shown
themselves to us; as yet there have been no
investigations and criticisms on this, and we have not
yet had enough of our old art and literature, just as we
have not had what we need of the new processes. The
issues of art and literature should be taken seriously
and analyzed.”
Also, Botu is not left out of the processes taking place
in literature. He also notes his observations about
literature. “This state of Uzbek literature requires
giving great importance to the issue of self-criticism. Of
course, criticism should be from this point of view, it
should be against shortcomings and mistakes and
should show the right way. But often we forget this
important thing in the matter of criticism. “Some of our
critics start talking without checking what they want to
criticize,” he says, noting that such criticism has more
benefits than harm. He says that it is necessary to have
a scientific and artistic level in criticism.
CONCLUSION
It can be understood from the essence of Botu’s
thoughts that the analysis and research of the history
of our spiritual culture, literature and language, for
example, is one of the most important tasks of the
social era. He worked based on this social need and
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
50
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
47-50
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
demand of the time. As he himself noted, (in this
period) “currently, the momentum gained in the
economic sphere strongly requires a path, movement,
and change in the fields of fine arts and literature of the
cultural front. It is necessary to open a wide path to the
fluctuations surrounding our fine art and literature, to
fight against its shortcomings and corruptions, and to
create conditions and opportunities for the rapid and
good growth of our fine art an
d literature.” As a
consistent continuation of this opinion, progressive
intellectuals repeatedly emphasized in the press pages
that in this period, language learning is as necessary as
water and air in order for the children of the local
people to take their place in the life of the society, to
grow into mature personnel who will burn their souls
for the destiny of the nation and their Motherland.
REFERENCES
1.
Sayidov, 2008:18
2.
Nurmonov, 2002:122
3.
Botu. Come on, who’s there / Selected works.
-
T.: Sharq, 2004. -p. 116.
4.
Mahmudov N., Yuldashev M. Literary Text And
Its Linguopoetic Issues Research. Journal of
Positive School Psychology. 2022. Vol.6, No. 10.
P.
4157-4168.Yuldashev
M.,
Özkaya
Y.
Bağımsızlık Dönemi Özbek Edebiyatı (Şiir,
Hikâye, Roman, Piyes), 2018. Ankara, Bengu.
5.
Yuldashev M., Ramazanova Sh., Tojimatov R.
Expression Of The Linguistic Concept Of
“Motherland” In Muhammad Yusuf's Poetry.
Journal of Positive School Psychology, 2022.
6/10. Р.4179
-4186.
6.
Yuldashev M., Toxtaboyeva M. International
scientific and current research conferences.
“Science and innovation in the XXI century:
current issues, discoveries and achievements -
II” 2021/6/19, 2, II, P.14
-18. Hawaii, USA.
Conference
Date:
17-06-2021.
Doi
-
https://doi.org/10.37547/iscrc-intconf09.
7.
Botu. Self-criticism in the field of elegant
literature / Selected works. - T.: Sharq, 2004.
8.
Botu. Selected works. Tashkent: Sharq
NMAKBT. 2004. Preparers for publication:
Naim Karimov, Sherali Turdiev.
9.
Jamolkhanov H., Umarov A. 20th century
history of Uzbek writing. Tashkent: Publishing
House of the National Library of Uzbekistan
named after Alisher Navoi, 2017.
10.
Zahiri A. The issue of language and spelling //
Red Uzbekistan gas. -T.: 1929. -29¸ 31 March.
11.
Yoldoshev M. Secrets of the word shepherd. -
T.: Spirituality, 2002.
12.
Nurmonov A. History of Uzbek linguistics.
Tashkent: Uzbekistan, 2002.
