Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
29
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
29-33
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Translation is considered to be almost on the same level as artistic creation in terms of its complexity and difficulty.
This article deals with the issues of translating national coloring words and its classification. The practical importance
of this study is giving the analysis of realias through the English translation of Uzbek historical novels. Data of the
research is collected through qualitative method. Materials are analyzed analytically and comparatively. The object of
the paper is English translation of historical novel of Oybek “Navoi” by I.M.Tukhtasinov and O.M.Muminov. The
findings of the research show that translating culture words (realia) is one of the challenging tasks for translators.
Furthermore, transcription, transliteration and translating through descriptive way are considered the appropriate
solution to solve this issue.
KEYWORDS
Realia, internationalism, nationalism, transcription, transliteration, calque, historical novel.
INTRODUCTION
Linguistic means that reflect things and events specific
to a particular people, nation, and ethnic group are
considered the main means of the national features of
a literary work. This means that any artistic work is
characterized by the fact that it embodies both
internationalism and nationality. Internationalism is
Research Article
ISSUES OF TRANSLATING NATIONAL COLORING WORDS - REALIAS IN
THE NOVEL “NAVOI” BY OYBEK
Submission Date:
April 09, 2023,
Accepted Date:
March 14, 2023,
Published Date:
April 19, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume03Issue04-06
Hamroyeva Sharifa Shukur Qizi
Teacher Of Bukhara State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
30
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
29-33
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
reflected in the content and idea of the work, and
nationalism is reflected in its form. The lexical structure
of the language, which includes not only international
but also national characteristics, reflects the material
and social life of the language community to which it
belongs, including national customs and traditions,
geography, spirituality and worldview, religious
beliefs, moral norms, material orientation. . The
general features of a literary work are reflected in the
private and social life of the people, in their living
conditions,
clothing,
customs,
streets,
cities,
monuments of art, names of institutions, surnames of
officials, and so on. Relatively, this is considered one of
the actual issues in translation.
Restoring the national form of a literary work is one of
the important problems of literary translation.
Translator must convey adequately the national
character connected with the real representation of
life. It means that he must know social conditions and
nation development whose literature he translates, he
must know and understand the specific spiritual way of
life, find explanations of problems caused with
peculiarities of this nation and originality of his
development. That is why the translator has a great
responsibility in this regard. This set of national
features reflected in literary work is called national
color in literature. The translator's approach is
especially important when translating national words
that belong to a particular nation. Because the reader
perceives the work as the translator sees it, and draws
conclusions.
Literature review
To enter this field it is necessary to understand what
“realia” means in the first place, both within
translation studies, and without; in this we will be
helped by two Bulgarian researchers, Sergej Vlahov
and Sider Florin, who in 1980 published a whole book
covering what is normally called “untranslatable”,
realia included.
V. Komissarov (2001, 103 p.) considers that
―translation is a complicated and m
any-sided kind of
human activity. Though usually people speak about
translation ―from one language into another, actually,
it is not simply a replacement of one language with
another. The different cultures, people, ways of
thinking, literatures, epochs, levels of development,
traditions and world views clash with each other in
translation. According to M. Brandes (2001, 23 p.),
―translation is a kind of language mediation where
the content of the foreign text (original) is transferred
to other languages by way of creating a
communicatively equivalent text in this language. In L.
Barkhudarov
′
s (1975, p 39) opinion,
―
translation is a
process of transformation of a speech product in one
language into a speech product in another language,
the invariable meaning being preserved. G. Toury
believes that ―translation is a kind of activity which
inevitably involves at least two languages and two
cultural traditions.
As Qudrat Musayev (2005, p 90) states that “While the
originality of the source text is largely determined by
the national character of the linguistic means within it,
the original restoration of the artistic and ideological
basis of the originality is associated with the re-
creation of the national color of the work. Therefore,
the issue of restoring the national character in
translation has recently attracted the attention of both
translators.”
Method and materials
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
31
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
29-33
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
This research paper is written through qualitative data
collection. The scientific works of Q.Musayev,
Kommisarov, Barkhudarov and other scholars are
analyzed, compared and summarized. Through the
translation of the novel Oybek “Navoi” by
I.M.Tukhtasinov and O.M.Muminov, examples are
explained.
Discussion
It is well known that in literary translation the concept
of national color is referred to the customs, way of life,
in general, and the national features of the people,
which are unfamiliar for us. Therefore, a translator who
is able to translate correctly using the most
appropriate methods while preserving the national
color can undoubtedly be called a master of his
profession. For instance, words and concepts
encountered in Uzbek may not be present in other
languages or may differ in content, form, and size. And
this is one of the pressing issues of translators to
convey the cultural peculiarities of our culture to the
readers.
Literary texts display many linguistic peculiarities, as
well as social and cultural aspects of our lives and, thus,
we can assert that literary translation is one of the main
ways of communication across cultures. One of the
problems a translator can face translating literary texts
arises from the fact that some words or phrases
denoting objects, facts, phenomena, etc… are so
deeply rooted in their source culture and so specific
(and perhaps exclusive or unique) to the culture that
they have no equivalent in the target culture, be it
because they are unknown, or because they are not yet
codified in the target language. Not only two
languages interact in translation process, but also two
cultures having both common features and national
specificity. Revealing this specificity is crucial in
studying intercultural communication and translation.
The aim of the research is to analyze realias in
Armenian texts and to display their possible
equivalents in the English language. The term realia
(Robinson) can be substituted for culture-specific
concepts (Baker), cultural words (Newmark), others
label as the culture-bound terms or culture-specific
items. All these labels cover specific objects which may
be defined as words and combinations of words
denoting objects and concepts characteristic of the
way of life, the culture, and the social and historical
development of one nation and alien to another.
There exist some ways of rendering foreign realias:
1. Transliteration (translate on the level of graphemes:
Lincoln)
2. Transcription (transference on the level of
phonemes: drug
–
store)
3. Calque (word for word translation)
4. Descriptive or explanatory translation (coroner)
5. Approximate translation (with the help of
―analogue:
drug
–
store
–
apteka)
6. Transformative (contextual) translation.
Transcription (transliteration) is often used in the
cases, when the question is about proper names, the
names of governmental institutions, educational
establishments and so on. The serious drawback of this
method leads to the appearance of unusual and loss
clear words in translation.
Calquing is literal (word for word) translation of the
word or word combinations and it is widely used for
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
32
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
29-33
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
rendering realities into another language. Assimilation
of the calques is very complicated phenomenon being
subject to consideration within diachronic plan and is
stipulated not only with intralinguistic but the whole
range of cultural and social factors. Calque can be
widely spread in the language, but at the same time it
remains as ―exotism for the denotant correspond to
it is alien to be culture.
Descriptive or explanatory translation has the
advantage that it includes incomplete understanding
which is characteristic to transliteration or calquing,
but the drawback is that realia is translated not with
analogous unit by its structure of another language but
with diffuse description.
According to these types of translating national
coloring words, the English translation of historical
novel “Navoi” by O
ybek is taken under deep analysis.
This novel is translated by I.Tukhtasinov and
O.Muminov. In the novel, the writer painted a complex
picture of the history of our people in the XV century
through the interpretation of the image of the great
poet. Oybek perfectly described the great qualities of
Navoi. This artistic perfection in the novel is reflected
in the scenes in which all the stages of Navoi’s life are
depicted. In the given table, national coloring words
will be presented with their way of translation
(Tukhtasinov, 2016).
N
Uzbek realias
English translation
Ways of translation
1
Xonaqoh
Khanahak
Transcription
2
Hujra
Hujra
Transliteration
3
..dekcha
qaynatish
g’amida bosh qotirishardi.
…they were discussing what to
prepare for dinner
Calque
4
Vazir
Vizir
Transliteration
5
G’ijjak
Gijjak
Transcription
6
Movarounnahr
Maveraunnakhr
Transcription
7
Xuroson
Khorasan
Transcription
8
Hokim
Khakim
Transcription
9
Chuchitilgan moy
Heated oil
Calque
It is visible from the given example that, translator
mostly utilize transcription and calque in order to
deliver the meaning of national coloring words by
footnoting their definitions. These types of translation
are also observed during the whole process of
translation. As a result, it may cause misunderstanding
to the reader and effect expressiveness of the work.
CONCLUSION
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
33
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
29-33
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Translating national coloring words is one of the most
difficult cases for translators. They should not only do
the task of achieving semantic equivalent but also
should pay a clear attention to the national coloring of
literary text. As translators have to deliver the correct
message of the text, embedded with cultural meaning,
to the readers. Otherwise, high-quality and authentic
translation will not be created.
REFERENCES
1.
Barkhudarov L.S., Language and Translation,
Moscow: Moscow press, 1975, 39 p.
2.
Brandes M., Translational text analysis,
Moscow: Moscow press, 2001, 23 p.
3.
Hamroyeva
Sharifa
Shukur
qizi,
“THE
COMPARISON OF WRITING STYLE OF
HISTORICAL NOVELS OF WALTER SCOTT AND
ABDULLA KADIRI”, IEJRD
- International
Multidisciplinary Journal, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 7, Jan.
2020.
4.
Khajieva, F. M. (2019). DECODING OF STYLISTIC
DEVICES
IN
RUSSIAN
AND
ENGLISH
TRANSLATIONS OF THE UZBEK NOVEL" DAYS
GONE BY" BY ABDULLA QADIRI (STYLISTIC
CORRESPONDENCES
AND
TRANSFORMATIONS). Theoretical & Applied
Science, (4), 541-545.
5.
Komissarov
V.N.,
Introducing
Modern
Translation Studies, Moscow: Moscow press,
2001, 103 p.
6.
Muxlisa Jumamurodovna Choriyeva. (2022).
THE SKILL OF TRANSLATORS IN RECREATING
THE HISTORICAL PERIOD REFLECTED IN THE
NOVEL "THE DAYS GONE BY".
Academicia Globe: Inderscience Research,
3(01), 76
–
82
7.
Navoiy: novel/Oybek. (2016) Translators:
I.M.Tukhtasinov,
O.M.Muminov.
Tashkent:Yangi asr avlodi
8.
Qudrat Musayev(2005). Tarjima nazariyasi
asoslari. Ozbekiston Respublika FA: Fan
nashriyoti
9.
қ
изи
Хайруллоева, Н. Н. (2023). AМЕРИКА
АДАБИЁТИ АЁЛ ЁЗУВЧИЛАР ИЖОДИДА ЭКО
-
ФЕМИНИЗМ
МАВЗУСИ.
Innovative
Development in Educational Activities, 2(6), 23-
28.
https://openidea.uz/index.php/idea/article/vie
w/884
10.
Rano Rakhmatulloevna Kasimova, Akmal
Raupovich Ziyadullayev, Aziza Akmalovna
Ziyadullayeva. THE NATURE OF THE CULTURE
BOUND
WORDS
AND
PROBLEMS
OF
TRANSLATION // International Scientific
Journal Theoretical and applied science,
МА.USA. –
Published: 31.03.2021.
–
P. 401-405.
DOI: 10.15863/TAS
11.
Urayeva Darmonoy Saidjanovna, & Yunusova
Ganjina Rustamovna. (2022). THE ANALYSES
OF CHRONOTOPE OF THE ROAD IN JOHN
STEINBECK’S NOVEL “THE GRAPES OF
WRATH” . EPRA International Journal of
Research and Development (IJRD), 7(9), 46
–
48.
Retrieved
from
http://www.eprajournals.net/index.php/IJRD/a
rticle/view/877
12.
Toury G., The nature and role of norms in
translation, the translation studies reader,
London and New York: Routledge press, 1978-
2004, 28 p.)
