Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
57
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
57-62
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
To date, the number of scientific studies devoted to the study of speech genres in Uzbekistan is increasing. This is
important in determining the specific features of speech genres in the Uzbek language system. Speech genres
characteristic of colloquial speech, often used in everyday life, expressing the features, topics, interests, and traditions
of people's daily speech occupy a certain place in the language system. Modern forms of speech genres that have
been practiced since human society until now reflect centuries-old historical views. Therefore, the study of the modern
form of each speech genre and the history of its origin makes it possible to compare the historical and modern forms
of these speech genres.
KEYWORDS
Speech genres, genre sociolinguistics, people's beliefs, people's lifestyle, living conditions, social order, rules, moral
standards, tradition, ceremony.
INTRODUCTION
To date, the number of scientific studies devoted to
the study of speech genres in Uzbekistan is increasing.
This is important in determining the specific features of
speech genres in the Uzbek language system . Speech
genres characteristic of colloquial speech, often used
in everyday life, expressing the features, topics,
interests, and traditions of people's daily speech
occupy a certain place in the language system. Modern
Research Article
SOCIOLINGUISTIC FEATURES OF THE SPEECH GENRE OF PRAYER IN THE
UZBEK LANGUAGE
Submission Date:
February 14, 2023,
Accepted Date:
February 19, 2023,
Published Date:
February 24, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume03Issue02-11
Fatima M. Khasanova
Doctoral Student Uzbekistan State World Languages University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
58
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
57-62
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
forms of speech genres that have been practiced since
human society until now reflect centuries-old historical
views. Therefore, the study of the modern form of
each speech genre and the history of its origin makes it
possible to compare the historical and modern forms
of these speech genres.
THE MAIN RESULTS AND FINDINGS
Domestic speech genres are a group of speech genres
that reflect the historical and modern views and
traditions of the people related to their domestic life.
Domestic speech genres are formed during domestic
communication, so they contain all the laws related to
domestic communication. Domestic speech genres can
include prayers, cursing, swearing, greetings, and the
word of a glass.
In recent years, research on the speech genre of prayer
shows that the speech genre of prayer occupies a
certain place in the language system . In the language
system, the values, interests, ideas, norms, principles,
traditions and unique national cultural views of a
particular nation are determined through the linguistic
and non-linguistic means of everyday speech genres.
For this reason, through the sociolinguistic analysis of
household speech genres, it becomes possible to
determine the specific social identification of a
particular state, nation, people. For example, the
speech genre of prayer has linguistic forms encoded
through sociolinguistic (social verbal and nonverbal
codes) and nonlinguistic means. The verbal means of
the speech genre of prayer include the expression of
prayer through words and sentences, the non-verbal
means include the hand movements typical of the
speech act of asking, the hand movements of the
speech act of wishing an intention, and the kinetic
means include the appropriate position of the head in
special clothing when asking for money (beggars, poor
people's clothes, religious clothes: such as a turban) is
an example.
It should be said that the sociolinguistic study of
the speech genre of prayer allows to study the speech
genre of prayer as a unique national tradition. In the
scientific literature, it is explained that tradition is a
material and spiritual value that is inherited from the
past to the future, is passed from generation to
generation, and is manifested in various spheres of
society's life . In the social life of each nation, there are
national, cultural, domestic, socio-political, religious
and other traditions formed on the basis of specific
behavior. One such tradition is the tradition of praying
.
The speech genre of prayer, as a unique religious
tradition, is a speech genre that informs about the
beliefs and beliefs of a certain people, people's
lifestyle, living conditions, social order rules, moral
standards, customs, rituals, etc. in the language
system. At the same time, the speech genre of prayer
informs about socio-historical events, processes in the
life of society, as a criterion for evaluating and
determining people's lives and activities, and is
manifested as one of the spiritual factors of managing
society and people. The tradition of praying also
involves educating the youth and showing them
respect for the older generation. It should be said that
the speech genre of prayer is manifested in its own
content and form in each period, and it is among the
speech genres that have not been forgotten to this
day. Through the speech genre of prayer, not only the
lifestyle of a certain nation, but also the level of cultural
maturity, national consciousness and image are
expressed.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
59
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
57-62
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The Uzbek people's tradition of praying, which has
been formed since ancient times and is still widely
practiced today, reflects respect for the elderly, close
relations with relatives, neighborhood, loyalty to the
country, hospitality, honoring bread, and other
national values. In a word, the speech genre of prayer
as a good tradition is embedded in the consciousness
and life of the Uzbek people. It is a clear proof of our
opinion that praying after eating at the table has been
imprinted in the minds of the Uzbek people as a
spiritual and religious tradition of the people.
The issue of sociolinguistic research of the speech
genre of prayer is multifaceted, in which it is
appropriate to determine the social identity indicators
related to the speech genre of prayer. These include
gender (such as women's prayer, men's prayer);
gender (a) a woman's manner of speaking and moving,
the uniqueness of her stereotype, the uniqueness of a
man's manner), b) the problem of a woman's and a
man's high status in society, race (the main, i.e., the
priority of social themes in the mongoloid, European,
Negroid prayer, for example , such as the prayer of
white people in freedom, the content of the prayer of
black people fighting for freedom), ethnic origin (such
as the prayer of Turkish peoples, the prayer of
Kipchaks), nationality (such as the prayer of Uzbeks,
the prayer of English), religion (such as Christian
prayer, Muslim prayer), social origin (intellectual,
worker's prayer), social position (leader's prayer,
worker's prayer), social criterion, i.e. assessment (the
speaker's personal position, value, moral qualities in
society, for example, the non-acceptance of immoral
men and women's prayers, or such people such as
refusal to give), degree of social closeness (distant,
close, neutral in terms of kinship or familiarity: kinship,
fraternity, brother, sister ngil, couple, parent and child
prayers), social collectivism and individualism
(collective prayers, personal prayers), social criterion
(social devaluation through prayer, inequality: not
opening hands to prayers in Uzbek culture, short
prayers, decrease in the number of values or not to
mention someone's name or good deeds in prayer, to
be blessed by the people in the community, to perform
forbidden customs in the community, to commit theft,
treason, etc. it is taken into account that his social value
did not violate social norms, that he was able to set an
example for everyone due to his work for the benefit
of the community and is determined based on such
social criteria), the speaker's social and spiritual level
(such as the prayer of educated people, the prayer of
uneducated people), social situation (at various events
: holiday, condolence) etc can be entered. In addition,
the verbal, i.e., textual structure of the speech genre of
prayer, non-verbal (characteristic actions, gestures)
can also be indicators of social identification of the
speech genre of prayer.
Dua occupies a certain place in the Uzbek language
system as a positive fideic household speech genre.
Duo was formed as a part of table genre in Uzbek
culture. When talking about the table genre, there are
different genres of table talk. For example, simple
conversations, raising a glass, singing songs,
sometimes offering food, greeting, wishing a pleasant
appetite or with a prayer (bismillahir rohmanir rohiym),
and saying goodbye, ending, ending with a prayer in
Uzbeks.
The speech genre of prayer is considered as one of the
speech genres that allows for speech communication
with God in the thinking of the society to which the
language belongs. The analysis of religious texts
confirms that in the communicative relationship
between the speaker and the listener, it is God who
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
60
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
57-62
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
receives the speech, who gives meaning to these texts
and enables them to ensure their vitality. Many texts
begin by glorifying God in order to fulfill the function of
communicating with God, while texts directly
addressed to God include wishes for good and evil.
The national existence of a people is also reflected in
its language. Language is a mirror of culture, it reflects
not only the real existence that surrounds a person, his
real living conditions, but also the social self-awareness
of the people, his mentality, national character, way of
life, traditions, customs, morals, set of values and
worldview. The language is the mirror of the nation,
and the thoughts, thinking and values of the people lie
in the language. The linguistic landscape of the Uzbek
world can be seen in the lexical units and sentences
used in the speech genre of prayer, as well as in the
units above sentences and sentences. For example, the
lexeme duogoy is a concept characteristic of the Uzbek
people, it is used in relation to pious people who are
old, have certain life experience, and this word shows
the character of a person and gives a positive
conclusion about him. It is a lexical unit that describes
the positive qualities of a person. This lingvokulturema
reflects people's outlook and mental characteristics.
According to these aspects, the word duogoy is a word
that indicates the religious faith and piety of the Uzbek
people. The Uzbek people of the speech genre of
prayer, whether they are familiar or unfamiliar,
carrying the prayers of older people as a custom of
Uzbeks, shows that the Uzbek people are a prayerful
people.
In a word, the speech genre of prayer is an example of
the culture of peoples with certain religious beliefs.
The words expressed in this genre and related myths,
legends, customs, traditions, customs, principles,
symbols, etc. encourage deep scientific research on
this topic.
Uzbek prayers are directly based on the teachings of
Islam. In Islam, our Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said
that prayer is worship . It can be seen that prayer is a
genre that arose in the context of prayer to God. The
writing of prayers in Arabic script in religious
organizations such as mosques and related religious
books acquires a unique symbolic meaning from the
theological point of view.
The addition of the names of Allah in the prayers is the
most characteristic feature of the prayer. Religious
books testify that God's attributes and qualities are
reflected in God's names. Mentioning these names in
their zikr is considered to be a symbol of human
perfection in the religious world . In the Islamic world,
prayer is recited directly through the rosary. Usually,
the number of rosary beads is equal to the number of
names of Allah. Since ancient times, prayer men have
been using prayers to make amulets. Therefore,
amulets and rosaries become important symbols in the
speech genre of prayer.
Prayer is not observed in anti-religious atheism
because it is a symbol of religious belief. Atheism - from
the Greek a - is a negative suffix and means the
opposite of theism, that is, denial of God, religion,
religion, religious doctrine, god, belief in divine forces
in general ”. They reject prayers because they do not
believe in theology.
The times and circumstances in which prayers are
accepted in the speech genre of prayer are also unique.
There are ideas that the supplicant chooses Arafah
from the days of the year, Ramadan from the months,
the Night of Qadr, Friday from the week, and dawn
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
61
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
57-62
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
from the night hours. The Messenger of God said:
Every night, when the last third of the night is left,
"Whoever prays to me, I will answer him, whoever asks
me, I will give him what he asks for, and whoever asks
for my forgiveness, I will forgive him".
It is narrated that Abu Huraira, may Allah be
pleased with him, said: When the ranks are united in
the way of Allah, when it rains, when the obligatory
prayers are performed, the gates of heaven are
opened. Enjoy praying in these verses. Mujahid says:
The prayer is at the best time. Therefore, do not stop
praying after prayers. The Prophet, peace and
blessings be upon him, said, "The prayer between the
Adhan and the Iqamah will not be rejected", and the
prayer of the fasting person will not be rejected.
In fact, dua's gain merit due to times and
circumstances. Already, at dawn, the soul is pure,
sincere and free from distractions. Eve and Fridays are
the times when efforts are united, and hearts turn to
the mercy of Allah Almighty. Sajdah is also one of the
situations close to prayer. Abu Hurairah, may God bless
him and grant him peace, narrates what the Messenger
of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said:
The state in which a servant is closest to his Lord is
when he is prostrating. So increase the dua at this time.
It is narrated from Ibn Abbas: The Prophet said: I was
prevented from reciting the Qur'an while I was bowing
or prostrating. Praise the Lord in the bowing, and
increase the prayer in the prostration, that time is close
to the time when your prayers will be answered.
When talking about the gender characteristics of the
speech genre of dua, it should be noted that there are
special duas for boys and girls who have reached
puberty in funeral dua.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the prayer speech genre is important as
a speech genre that shows the positive qualities of a
certain nation. The speech genre of prayer indicates
that the people have a certain life experience, are
religious, and are pious. The writing of prayer in Arabic
script, the use of rosaries, amulets, etc. in prayer, the
presence of specific time standards of prayer, and the
status of the prayers indicate the existence of
extralinguistic features of the speech genre of prayer.
So, the presence of faith indicators in prayer speech
genres opens the way to the research of national
cultural characteristics of faith and other social
indicators.
REFERENCES
1.
F.M.Hasanova.
Comparative
–
typological
classification of the speech genre “oath’ in English
and Uzbek languages
. “Молодой ученый”
Международный научный журнал, Казань, 2018
, №17 (203) 318
-
319 стр,
2.
The linguistic features of the informal types of
speech genre “oath” in Uzbek lingo culture.
International conference “Scientific research of
the SCO countries: syne
rgy and integration”.
China, 2018, Part II, Ф.М.Хасанова, М. Анорбоева.
Қ
асамёд
нут
қ
ий
жанрининг
фалсафий
-
диний
хусусиятлари
(
инглиз
лингвомаданияти
мисолида
) Innovation and Global issues,
Congress IV, Antaliya, 2018.1486-1489
б
;
3.
Hasanova. F.M. Etymological and linguistic
features of speech genre “oath” in Uzbek
language Языковые и культурные контакты:
лингвистический
и
лингводидактический
аспекты:материалы III Международной научно
-
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
62
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
57-62
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
практической конференции, Саратов, 2018. 99
-
101 ст.,
4.
Неъматжонова Х. К, Анорбоева М.С. Хасанова
Ф.М.
Қ
ада
ҳ
сўзи
нут
қ
ий
жанрининг
лингвистик
хусусиятлари
.
Научный
журнал
33 (162)
“Интернаука”
г
.
Москва
, 2020;
5.
Анорбоева М.С, Хасанова Ф.М., Неъматжонова
Х.К.
Қ
ада
ҳ
сўзи
нут
қ
ий
жанрининг
фольклор
ва
лингвистик
хусусиятлари
ҳ
а
қ
ида
айрим
муло
ҳ
азалар
; CLXXX
Международной
научно
-
практической
конференции
“Молодой
исследователь
:
вызовы
и
перспективы”
М
.,
2020;
6.
Nizomova M. B. Polysemantic features of
pedagogical terms in English and Uzbek
translation. // Current research journal of
philological sciences 2(12): 21-25, December 2021
.DOI: https:doi.org/10.37547/Philological-crjps-02-
12-05 ISSN 2767-3758,
–
2021. Master Journals. 21-
25 pages.
7.
Анорбоева М.С, Хасанова Ф.М, Неъматжонова
М.С. Тилшуносликда
қ
ада
ҳ
сўзи
нут
қ
ий
жанр
сифатида CLXXVIII Международной научно
-
практической конференции “Инновационный
подходы в современной науке” 18 (78), М.,
2020,
8.
Nizomova,
M.
B.
(2022).
Problems
of
systematization of pedagogical terms and
concepts in the scientific and pedagogical theory
of comparable languages. American journal of
philological sciences, 2(03), 1-6.
