Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
49
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
49-56
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article analyzes children's fiction and its specific features, explores the importance of the literary fairy tale genre
and folklore, the concepts of national psyche and psychologism, and the differences between children's literature and
adult literature.
KEYWORDS
Artistic images, character traits, national mentality, mental experiences of heroes, inner world, emotion, psychological
analysis of images.
INTRODUCTION
Children's literature makes an important contribution
to the education of young generation in the spirit of
the best human feelings, to the development of a
perfect human being, to the formation of the sense of
beauty and preservation in child's innocent heart.
A characteristic feature of children's literature is a
changing phenomenon, which is directly related to the
age of the reader, historical period and social
environment. Considering the age of the reader is one
of the main features of children's literature. In
preschool children, this exhibitionism is based on
simple conflicts between the forces of good and evil,
while in literature created for teenagers, the psyche of
complex people in complex lives begins to open up.
Another feature of children's literature is its richness of
action. From this comes the demand for a plot in
Research Article
CHARACTERISTICS
AND
SPECIAL
FEATURES
OF
CHILDREN'S
LITERATURE
Submission Date:
February 14, 2023,
Accepted Date:
February 19, 2023,
Published Date:
February 24, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume03Issue02-10
Navro’zova Gulrux O’ktamovna
ESP Teacher Bukhara State Medical Institute Named After Abu Ali Ibn Sino, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
50
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
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2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
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02
Pages:
49-56
SJIF
I
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
children's literature. It requires quick, interesting,
imaginative, humorous resolution of events.
In children's literature, along with art, enlightenment
also takes a leading place. Because Literature is an
integral part of a person's life, his kind of photography,
which perfectly describes all internal states, as well as
social laws and rules of behavior. Like history, as well
as social groups, literature develops, changes,
becomes qualitatively new. It makes no sense to say
that modern children's literature - poetry and prose - is
better or worse than the one that was earlier. She's just
different. Now there are other literary genres, now
there are other accents that the author puts, now
there are other authors, after all. There are, of course,
those who only write literary works, and other people
are engaged in their publishing. But whatever one may
say, the “Pushkins” and “Turgenevs” are not the same
now, no, now is the time.
Literature for children is a relatively late phenomenon
in our national culture and the culture of humanity as a
whole.
Children's literature, for a long time and with difficulty,
was separated from "big" ("general") literature, as
well as from educational literature. The very fact of
separating it into a certain independent area caused
and causes negative assessments, and, as a result,
there are still discussions in connection with the
problem of the so-
called “specificity of
Over the past fifteen years, there has been a significant
movement associated with adjusting the circle of
children's reading: the works focused on Soviet
ideology have been excluded, the undeservedly
“forgotten” Nikolai Vagner, Dmitry Minaev, Sasha
Cherny, Osip Mandelstam have been returned.
But, unfortunately, the main thing has not changed:
children's literature has remained a peripheral
phenomenon, there is no attention to its problems,
there are no attempts at a modern interpretation of its
phenomenon. The question of the specifics of
literature for children is still reduced to the repetition
of truths about dynamic plot, accessibility, clarity.
Genres of modern children's literature
•
Detective
•
Fairy tale
•
Novel
•
Saga
•
Fantasy
•
Fantastic
•
Novella
•
Feature article
Children's Literature: Main Functions, Peculiarities of
Perception, Bestseller Phenomenon
If the path, cutting through the father's sword,
You wound salty tears on your mustache,
If in a hot battle I experienced what is how much, -
So, you read the necessary books as a child.[1]
This quote from Vysotsky's "Ballad of the Struggle" is
the best way to define what a real children's book
should be like. Literary criticism has long identified its
main functions, but nevertheless, many of them are
still either forgotten or ignored by adults (isn't this the
reason for the extinction of children's interest in
reading?).
So, one of the most important functions of children's
literature is the entertaining function. Without it, all
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
51
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
49-56
SJIF
I
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
the rest are inconceivable: if a child is not interested, it
is impossible to develop or educate him, etc. It is no
coincidence that recently scientists have begun to talk
about the hedonistic role of the book - it should bring
pleasure, pleasure.
All teachers rightly consider the educational function
to be one
of the most important. “What to do so that
the pink baby does not become a cudgel?”
- V. Berestov
asked at one time. Of course, to read him "necessary
books"! After all, it is in them that the “alphabet of
morality” is contained, from which the child lear
ns in
many ways “what is good and what is bad” (V.
Mayakovsky). And at the same time, as M. Voloshin
paradoxically noted, “the meaning of education is the
protection of adults from children” (!).
And excessive didactics, as you know, is always not
good for artistry: in the best works for children,
morality, as in folk tales, “is not expressed openly
anywhere, but follows from the very fabric of the
narrative” (V. Propp).
Less popular, but by no means less important is the
aesthetic function of children's literature: the book
must instill a true artistic taste, the child must be
introduced to the best examples of the art of the word.
And in this case, undoubtedly, the role of an adult is
huge, it is he who is able to play the role of a guide in
comprehending the treasures of world and domestic
literature (even not originally intended for reading) by
a child. An example of such subtle and emotional
mediation was excellently shown by D. Samoilov in the
poem “From Childhood”
I am small and have a sore throat.
Snow is falling outside the windows.
And dad sings to me: "As now
The prophetic Oleg is going.”
I listen to the song and cry
Sobbing in the pillow of the soul,
And shameful tears I hide,
And on and on I ask.
Autumn fly apartment
Drowsily buzzing behind the wall.
Childhood impressions are the strongest, most
important, it is no coincidence that even S. Dali wrote:
“Dead mice, rotten hedgehogs of my childhood, I
appeal to you! Thank you! For without you, I would
hardly have become the Great Dali.
At the same time, the reverse process is also
important: by reading children's literature, adults
begin to better understand children, their problems
and interests.
“Sometimes she helps adults find the forgotten child in
themselves.”[2]
(M. Boroditskaya)
There is no doubt about the cognitive function of
children's literature: scientists have found that up to
seven years a person receives 70% of knowledge and
only 30% - for the rest of his life! In relation to fiction,
the cognitive function is divided into two aspects:
firstly, there is a special genre of scientific and artistic
prose, where certain knowledge is presented to
children in literary form (for example, the natural
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
52
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
49-56
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
history tale of V. Bianchi). Secondly, works that do not
even have a cognitive orientation contribute to
expanding the child's circle of knowledge about the
world, nature and man.
The role of illustrations in a children's book is huge. So,
for preschool children, the volume of illustrations
should be at least 75%. It is no coincidence that Alice L.
Carroll said: “What is the use of a book if there are no
pictures or conversations in it?”. One of the leading
types of memory is visual, and the appearance of the
book from childhood was firmly connected with its
content (for example, it is difficult to imagine "The
Adventures of Pinocchio" by A. Tolstoy or "The Wizard
of the Emerald City" by A. Volkov without illustrations
by L. Vladimirsky). Even an adult reader, not to mention
children, begins to get acquainted with a book
precisely from its external design (which is now often
abused by commercial book publishers, who seek to
compensate for the wretchedness of the content with
the brightness of the cover).
When working with a children's book, one cannot but
take into account the psychological characteristics of
the perception of children's (and not only children's)
literature.
This is identification - identifying oneself with a literary
hero. This is especially characteristic of adolescence,
but not only: we see a peculiar example of
identification, for example, in the finale of I. Surikov's
poem "Childhood".
A huge role in the selection and perception of fiction is
played by its compensatory function. By what kind of
books a person prefers, it is perfectly clear what he
lacks in reality. Children, and then teenagers and young
people, trying to overcome the everyday life around
them, longing for a miracle, first choose fairy tales,
then fantasy and science fiction. Women, tortured by
everyday life, children and family, while reading
women's romance novels, identify themselves with the
heroine, satisfy the dream of a "handsome prince", a
bright and happy ending (despite the stereotyped plot,
images, etc.). Thus, at the expense of literature, a
person gets what is missing in life and thereby also
enriches it!
The orientation of the individual affects the selection
of books of certain genres: young people, aspiring to
the future, prefer science fiction; people of the older
generation, on the contrary, are books about the past,
historical genres, memoirs.
Returning to children's literature, it should be noted
that traditionally it is divided into children's literature
itself (books written specifically for children) and
children's reading, including works that were not
originally addressed to children, but entered the circle
of children's reading (A.S. Pushkin's fairy tales, books
by J.P.P. Tolkien).
Is there a reverse process? Among the books
addressed to children, we can name at least two that
have become both a fact of adult culture, a source of
inspiration, a subject of research and controversy.
These are Alice in Wonderland by L. Carroll (a classic
example) and the Harry Potter books by J.K. Rowling
(a modern example).
Children's literature is responsible for educating the
young generation in the spirit of the best human
feelings, for the development of a perfect human
being, for the formation of feelings of appreciation and
preservation of beauty in the child's innocent heart.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
53
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
49-56
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
A characteristic feature of children's literature is a
changing phenomenon, which is directly related to the
age of the reader, historical period and social
environment. Considering the age of the reader is one
of the main features of children's literature. Maye, in
preschool children, this exhibitionism is based on the
seemingly simple conflicts of the forces of good and
evil, while in literature created for teenagers, the
psyche of complex people in complex lives begins to
unfold.
Another feature of children's literature is its richness of
action. From this comes the demand for the plot in
children's literature. It requires quick, interesting,
imaginative, humorous resolution of events.[3:170]
In the written literature of the East, works classified by
such names as "pandnoma", "mav'izatnoma",
"nasihatnoma", "moral books" are the first examples
of
children's
literature.
Maye,
Kaikovus's
"Mav'izatnomai Kaikovus" ("Nightmare"), Sheikh
Sawdi's "Gulistan" and "Boston", Jami's "Bahoristan"
are among them. These have entered the Uzbek
children's literature through translation. Alisher
Navoi's works "Hayrat ulabror", "Mantsh uttayr" and
"Mahbub ulqulub", "Miftoh uladl" and "Gulzor" by
Khoja, and "Zarbulmasal" by Gulkhani are classic
examples of Uzbek children's literature. serves to
educate the young generation in the spirit of good
human qualities.
In the 1940s and 1960s, Uzbek children's literature
developed further, the ranks of children's writers
expanded to include Nasir Fazilov, Khudoyberdi
Tokhtaboyev, Talib Yoldosh, Farhod Musajonov, Latif
Mahmudov and other writers. Representatives of adult
literature such as Uygun, Mirtemir, Asqad Mukhtar,
Syed Ahmad, Shuhrat, Mirzakalon Ismaili, Mirkarim
Asim also created works for children.
Quddus Mohammadi's five-book "Alphabet of Nature"
educates young readers in the spirit of love for Mother
Nature, the world of animals and plants, is filled with
cheerful laughter, and is notable for the variety of
topics and the perfection of the image.
In the 1950s and 1960s, Gafur Ghulam's "Shum bola",
"Childhood" by Oybek, "Tales from the past" by
Abdulla Kahhor, and "What I saw" by Nazir Safarov
contributed to the development of prose children's
literature. Khudoyberdi Tokhtaboyev's works "Magic
Cap", "Riding the Yellow Giant", "Death of the Yellow
Giant" were among the works. These have been
translated into many foreign languages. Hakim Nazir's
stories "Unstoppable Lightning", "Yonar Daryo",
"Kichkintoy", "Falcon's Wings" have gained attention
due to the fact that they cover the current problems of
the time and the originality of the artistic image.
In children's literature of the 80s, the works of Anvar
Obidjon, Safar Barnoyev, Rauf Tolipov, Qambar
Utayev, Hamza Imonberdiyev and other artists were
noted for their contribution to educating the young
generation in the spirit of the best human qualities.[4]
In children's literature, along with art, enlightenment
also takes a leading place. Because examples of
children's literature also serve to educate young
people in the spirit of human qualities. The
development principles of children's literature of all
periods are reflected, first of all, in enlightenment and
education. In the work "Riding the Yellow Giant"
(Khudoyberdi Tokhtaboyev), the image of nationality is
clearly reflected and everyone loves to read it, the
creator describes the inner psyche of his hero,
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
54
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
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02
Pages:
49-56
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
experiences, child psychology, as well as the influence
of the environment on the child's psyche, at that time
he was able to describe the events and Uzbek
traditions in a comedic manner in a very skillful and
unique way.[6]
The skill of the writer, his long-term research, his good
study of the child's psyche, his love for children - all this
is reflected in his extraordinary characters. These
characters can easily be cited as role models for
children today.
The issue we focused on is the child's inner world,
psyche, experiences - the image of his character. The
character of children is expressed in a unique way in
the images created by our famous writer Khudoyberdi
Tokhtabayev. It can be said that the work "Riding the
Yellow Giant" is a wonderful work that reveals the
child's character through innocent laughter. This work
has won the recognition of major representatives of
world literature because of its comedy and life-giving
laughter. For example, at a conference dedicated to
children's literature, the famous Italian children's
writer Gianni Rodari spoke about the novel "Riding the
Yellow Giant" and said that I liked this work with its rich
fantasy and life-giving humor.
Comedy, a humorous attitude to life has always been
one of the important elements of art. What the writer
takes as an object of laughter in life is related to his
ideal. The higher the ideal, the wider its object of
laughter. We observe laughter with such a broad
meaning in the works of the writer.
To sum up, in Uzbek children's literature, children's
characters appear together with the above signs and
characteristics. The children's characters created by
Khudoyberdi Tokhtaboyev are unique, unique and
perfect characters according to their signs and
characteristics. In his works, Adib skillfully polished the
inner experiences and emotions of the heroes, as well
as the national spirit in them.
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Oscar Publishing Services
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(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
6.
997
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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