Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
22
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
22-25
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article aims to inform readers about the different places where the bilingualism can be found, its positive and
negative aspects, how it appears as a theory in neurolinguistics, and the definition of bilingualism itself.
KEYWORDS
Bilingualism, the theory of bilingualism, neurolinguistics\psycholinguistics, advantages and disadvantages of being
bilingual.
INTRODUCTION
The capacity to speak two languages is known as
bilingualism. However, it can be difficult to define
bilingualism because people might be categorized as
bilingual despite having a variety of different bilingual
traits.
Bilingualism is defined in a variety of ways, ranging
from a basic understanding of two languages to an
advanced level of competence in two languages that
enables the speaker to communicate and sound like a
native speaker languages. When someone claims to be
bilingual, they might just mean that they can speak and
verbally communicate. Some people may be fluent
readers of two or more languages.
Research Article
THE THEORY OF BILINGUALISM IN THE ASPECT NEUROLINGUISTICS
Submission Date:
January 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
January 25, 2023,
Published Date:
January 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume03Issue01-04
Ergasheva Guli Ismoilovna
Scientific Adviser, Professor Teacher Of Uzbekistan State World Languages University, Uzbekistan
Uksinbaeva Malika Imalatdinovna
Master Student Of Uzbekistan State World Languages University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
23
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
22-25
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The term "bilingualism" is subject to numerous
interpretations. To what extent must two languages
be present for someone to be considered bilingual is
the central query, yet there isn't a complete definition
that covers all facets. So what exactly do we mean by
bilingualism? This question has been addressed by a
number of academics. According to Grosjean's (1998)
hypothesis, bilingualism is actually the regular use of
two languages . Skutnabb-Kangas (1984) defined
bilingualism as the ability to communicate fluently in
two different languages . According to Haugen (1953),
bilingualism begins when a speaker possesses the
capacity to make meaningful claims in two languages.
The several ways we define this phenomenon depend
on the scientific perspective we use to examine it.
There are minor discrepancies amongst the ideas, as
can be seen, but there is one point of consensus:
bilinguals employ two language codes in everyday life.
A person may be bilingual if they spent their childhood
learning and speaking two different languages
simultaneously. Sequential bilingualism describes this
situation. Being bilingual entails various aspects,
various persons.
People might become bilingual by learning a second
language either before or after mastering their first
language, or they can become bilingual by learning two
languages at the same time when still young. In other
words, a young child who is routinely exposed to two
languages from a young age will probably grow up to
be a fluent native speaker of both. Many linguists think
that a child may readily pick up any language that is
consistently exposed to during this 'critical time,'
which roughly lasts from birth until adolescence.
According to this theory, puberty causes a shift in the
brain's structure, making learning new languages more
difficult afterward. This indicates that learning a
second language is substantially simpler for children
than it is for adults.
Researchers have made an effort to identify the traits
that affect TOM. Language is among these skills that is
most crucial. In experiments based on this premise,
Astington and Jenkins (1996) discovered a positive
correlation between general language proficiency and
mindreading [9].
A bilingual upbringing may be crucial. Bilingual children
may learn earlier that others have mental states (they
use a different language) that differ from their own
[10], so the language code should be changed for a
successful communication. This understanding may
come from their experiences of miscommunication
with people who speak only one of their languages. In
order to develop sociolinguistic competence,
individuals must come to understand the importance
of paying attention to the linguistic abilities of others.
The neurolinguistics theory of bilingualism
The study of how language is represented in the brain,
including how and where our knowledge of the
language (or languages) that we speak, understand,
read, and write is stored, as well as what happens in
our brains as we learn new language and use it in our
daily lives, is known as neurolinguistics. According to
Kraus, "Bilingualism enriches the brain and has
substantial effects on executive function, particularly
attention and working memory."
As you can see, psycholinguistics
—
the study of the
language processing steps necessary for speaking and
understanding words and sentences, learning first and
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
24
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
22-25
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
later languages, as well as of language processing in
disorders of speech, language, and reading
—
and
neurolinguistics are closely related fields.
Code-switching is the ability to switch between
multiple languages or language variants during a single
verbal exchange. Greater cultural awareness - Since
culture and language are frequently closely related to
one another, speaking more than one language may
help a person gain a deeper understanding of other
cultures. For instance, a child who was born to Spanish
parents and raised in England but who is fluent in both
languages may have a much deeper understanding of
their Spanish heritage than a youngster who only
speaks English. Due to their bilingualism, this young
person would probably have a solid understanding of
both their British and Spanish ancestry.
Information is kept in our brains in networks of brain
cells (neurons and glial cells). The areas of the brain
that regulate our actions, including those required to
create speech, and our internal and external
experiences are ultimately related to these neural
networks (sounds, sights, touch, and those that come
from our own movements). These networks can have
strong or weak connections, and the information a cell
sends out might influence some of its neighbors'
activity while inhibiting that of others. A link becomes
stronger after each use. When speaking to different
people, bilingual speakers learn how to control which
language to use and when it is okay to mix their
languages. Other tasks may also require these abilities.
CONCLUSION
From early childhood through old age, bilingualism has
positive neurological and cognitive effects because it
helps the brain digest information more quickly and
prevents cognitive decline. Furthermore, learning a
second language later in life has been shown to have
similar benefits to bilingual individuals in terms of both
attention and aging. 25, 28 One of the benefits that
bilingual people experience is the enhanced cognitive
control that goes along with their multilingual
experience. Bilingualism has been linked to improved
metalinguistic awareness (the capacity to recognize
language as a system that can be manipulated and
explored), as well as with better memory, visual-spatial
skills, and even creativity, despite some linguistic
limitations that have been observed in bilinguals (e.g.,
increased naming difficulty.
Beyond these cognitive and neurological benefits,
being bilingual also has important social advantages,
such as the chance to interact with people you might
not otherwise be able to speak to or learn about a
culture through their original tongue. Given that the
majority of language speakers in the world interact
with others in more than one language, it is especially
important to take into account how bilingualism
affects brain activity and brain architecture and,
ultimately, how language is represented in the human
mind.
REFERENCES
1.
Aspects of bilingualism. Kajsa Forslund, 2009.
2.
Grosjean, F. (1998). Transfer and language mode.
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition. 1. 3. 175-176.
3.
Bilingualism and Bilingual Education, Bilingualism
and Translational Action. June 12, 2016.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v8i3.9601.
4.
Bilingual threories and the Swedish Bilingual
Profiled in the Classroom.Mari-Mersini Pananaki.
2015.
Volume 03 Issue 01-2023
25
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
22-25
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
5.
Bilingualism: Psycholinguistic Aspects. Trabajo Fin
de Grado. 2016.
6.
A Neurolinguistic Threory of Bilingualism. Michel
Paradis
7.
Paradis, M. (1977). Bilingualism and aphasia. In H.
Whitaker & H. A. Whitaker (Eds.), Studiesin
Neurolinguistics, Vol. 3. New York: Academic Press.
8.
Paradis, M. (1989). Bilingual and polyglot aphasia.
In F. Boller & J. Graffman (Eds.),Handbookof
Neuropsychology,Vol. 2 (pp.117
–
140). Oxford:
Elsevier.
9.
Astington, J. W. & Jenkins, J. M. (1996). A
longitudinal study of the relation between
language and theory-of-mind development.
Developmental Psychology. 35. 5. 1311-1320.
10.
Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I. M. & Luk, G. (2012).
Bilingualism: Consequences for mind and brain.
Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 16. 4. 240-250.
