Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
14
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
14-21
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.914
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article evaluates gender differences in the oral speech of men and women in such aspects as verbosity, balance,
response construction, non-verbal communication, lexical component, etc. The study was conducted on American
and British talk shows, interviews differing in subject matter and style. The obtained results show that men and
women have problems with communication with men and women.
KEYWORDS
Speech, gender differences, verbosity, hedging, talk show.
INTRODUCTION
Gender studies are a new interdisciplinary field of
scientific research that studies male and female
behavior, thinking, communication, society's attitude
towards the individual and the possibility of its self-
realization depending on gender-role stereotypes
created not by nature, but by society itself.
In our study, a comparative analysis of the
characteristics of male and female oral speech was
carried out on the material of the talk shows The
Andrew Marr Show and Late Show with David
Letterman, aired in 2013-2014. The expediency of
choosing this type of program is due to the fact that it
is talk shows that provide rich material for the analysis
Research Article
DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF MALE AND FEMALE ORAL SPEECH IN
MODERN ENGLISH
Submission Date:
October 01, 2022,
Accepted Date:
October 05, 2022,
Published Date:
October 22, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume02Issue10-03
Djalilova Zarnigor Obidovna
Eps Teacher, English Language Department Bukhara State Medical Institute Named After Abu Ali Ibn Sino,
Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
15
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
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2771-2834)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
10
Pages:
14-21
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.914
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
of gender differences in the oral speech of both sexes,
since speech is the way people communicate, the way
they develop and maintain relationships. It's a big part
of our daily lives and how we use language defines us.
The Andrew Marr Show is an hour-long British
television program broadcast on BBC One. The host
conducts interviews with politicians. "The Andrew
Marr Show" is a talk show of a political nature, in which
the speech of the participants is devoid of emotional
coloring, obscene language and slang.
Late Show with David Letterman is an American late-
night talk show on CBS, hosted by renowned television
journalist David Letterman. The guests of this show are
not shy to express themselves the way they want to,
the speech of the characters is very bright and lively, as
they are the stars of show business.\
For our study, we selected thirteen episodes of The
Andrew Marr Show, which included six interviews with
male respondents and seven interviews with female
respondents. Women's interviews average 57 minutes
36 seconds, while men's interviews average 94
minutes 44 seconds. All interviewees are prominent
British politicians who are accustomed to such
conversations. Topics of conversation - politics and
current events in 2019-2020.
The Late Show with David Letterman talk show
features eight interviews, including four interviews
with male respondents and four interviews with
female respondents. The average length of the
women's interviews was 42 minutes 41 seconds, while
the men's interviews generally lasted 49 minutes 26
seconds. A qualitative analysis of the material we have
selected helped to trace the differences between men
and women according to the following characteristic
distinguishing features:
1. Verbosity
There is a stereotype that women talk more than men.
However, research data show the opposite. Men talk
more than women in almost all situations. Women
speak 66% of the total interview time, while men speak
70%. The revealed average percentage of utterance
duration shows that men are more verbose than
women. In an interview with The Andrew Marr Show,
we can note that the highest percentage of male
interviewees belongs to Lord Mandelson, who speaks
77% of the total interview time. The highest percentage
for a female speaker is only 71%. It should also be noted
that interviews with male respondents are usually
longer in time. The average interview time for men was
15 minutes 28 seconds, while interviews with female
respondents averaged 8 minutes 14 seconds. This fact
again proves that men speak more than women. On
the other hand, it can also be argued that this fact tells
us about the ratio of time allocated in the media for
interviews with men and women. This may be due to
the fact that high-ranking officials, such as prime
ministers or party leaders, are of greater interest to the
public and therefore take up more airtime. The two
longest interviews used for this study are with David
Cameron (23 minutes 38 seconds) and with Ed Miliband
(21 minutes 22 seconds). These people are the leaders
of the biggest pariahs in the UK, which may explain the
length of their interviews.
2. Mitigation (Hedging)
"Eliminating" are linguistic forms used to convey
uncertainty or reduce influence in a conversation. The
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VOLUME
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SJIF
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FACTOR
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5.
705
)
OCLC
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IF
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Publisher:
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Servi
study showed that women are more likely to soften
their statements than men. Consider an example:
Harriet Harman: Well, I hope that they will listen to the
arguments and be very much in favor of it. I mean what
is important I think, is that members of parliament will
decide the shortlist.
This statement shows that Harriet Harman, when
talking about changes in the policy of one of the
members of the party, uses the technique of
"softening." She uses the phrase "I think", which is the
most common form of "softening" in spoken
language.
Another widely used example of "softening" in an
interview is "you know". This construction is almost
exclusively used to express uncertainty or indecision.
In some cases, however, it is used more forcefully, as in
the example below:
Ed Miliband: I didn’t think that was the way politics
should be practiced and I think most people would
know this about me.
Andrew Marr: Did you know this about the briefing or
seen the leaks.
Ed Miliband: Was more you know what it is like politics.
Rachel Reeves, whose interview is 8 minutes and 34
seconds long, uses only two "softening" options, while
Yvette Cooper uses 30 cases in a 9 minute interview.
"I think" and "you know" are used in all interviews for
both genders, while other emollients are used only
once, such as "I'm not sure" or "appear to be". Men
often
use
constructions
containing
adverbs,
demonstrating their confidence in their statement. For
example, "definitely" or "certainly". Quantitative
analysis showed that men and women use softening in
their speech about the same number of times.
3. Construction of answers
It is known that politicians often do not directly answer
the questions posed, which can damage their career or
personal image. Issues on which parties or a particular
person do not have a clear point of view. The results of
the analysis give us grounds to assert that men answer
questions less often (38%), and at the same time, there
are much fewer direct answers from them (16%) than
from women, and much more hidden answers (46%).
Women answer questions much more often (43%) than
men, but the percentage of direct answers (27%) is
almost the same as the number of hidden answers
(30%).
4. Open resistance
When women do not want to answer questions that
are incorrectly asked or questions that they do not
have an answer for, they tend to point out flaws in the
questions asked and their insufficient wording. Thus,
they evade the answer and get the opportunity to
maintain their reputation. Let's consider two
examples. In the first, Natalie Bennett talks about
ecology:
J.L: What is greater priority, economic growth or
protecting the environment?
N.B: That’s an entirely false dichotomy because wha
t
we need to do is invest in things like home insulation in
renewable energy.
And in the second, Harriet Harman answers questions
about trading:
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
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VOLUME
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5.
705
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OCLC
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IF
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5.914
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
A.M: It will be the activists who are more likely to come
in inevitably then that is going to tilt the labour party
more in a trade union direction it is obvious, it is kind of
night follows day isn’t it?
H.H: Well I don’t know what you mean about your
trade union direction?
In the first example, Bennett dismisses the question
itself and implies that she is unable to answer the
question due to its dichotomous nature, while Harman
uses Mar's question against him. Men in such situations
often do not answer such questions, or deviate from
the topic, or change it. For example:
1. A.M: So, you must have a number, you must have».
D.C: Do not have a number.
2. A.M: Do you think it worked so far? Cus I mean there
is been a lot of criticism saying these vans didn’t work
anyway, so?
T.M: I will not answer that question.
From these dialogues, we can conclude that women
are more polite when talking and are able to respond
more subtly in such situations.
5. Non-verbal communication
Most non-verbal gestures are learned, and the
meaning of many movements and gestures is culturally
determined. Women attach great importance to the
tone of the conversation, painfully reacting to the
tightening of the tone. Men, on the other hand,
perceive a categorical tone, if it is appropriate, as a
rule, without any negative emotions. Thus, there are
types of non-verbal communication that can be divided
into those that are inherent in men and those that
correspond to women. Women are more sensitive to
manifestations of non-verbal communications. In this
regard, women are much more likely, and, as a rule,
unconsciously, use non-verbal communications in
certain situations. Men, unlike women, pay much less
attention to non-verbal communication, interrupt
other people more often and, first of all, want to be
heard during a conversation.
In addition to the results presented above, the analysis
also included the use of non-verbal responses.
Throughout the interviews, all women use both verbal
and non-verbal minimal interview responses (head
nods). Women nodded in agreement 26 times, while
men did not, and only David Cameron used a verbal
minimal response to show agreement, as in the
example below:
A.M: If I go to America, I get a slip of paper and have to
tear of part of it and they know then I leave again.
D.C: Yeah.
6. Lexical level
Differences in vocabulary can be shown in the
following aspects:
• Profanity
Women are more likely to avoid profanity and
swearing, pay attention to their speech, and worry
about how their words might affect others. Instead of
swearing, women are more likely to use "Oh, dear, my
God" to express their emotions. You can hear from
men: “Damn, fuck you, hell” much more often. During
interviews, men are twice as likely to use obscene
language (28 times) than women (14 times). During
times of surprise or surprise, men are more likely to say
the word "fuck" than women.
Volume 02 Issue 10-2022
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SJIF
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705
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OCLC
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IF
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5.914
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Slang
The use of slang in one's speech is also observed more
on the part of men (25 cases) than on the part of
women (20 cases). However, the difference between
men and women in the use of slang is not as big as in
the case of profanity. Examples of used slang words
and expressions from interviews: "Get a life",
"lightening up", "bottom line", "diss", "kudos",
"botch", "mate", "row", "dodgy", " legit".
Adjectives
Adjectives are often used in speech to make it brighter,
more expressive, more eloquent, which is why women
so often like to use them in their speech. You can often
hear from them: adorable, charming, lovely, fantastic,
heavenly, etc. Male speech is more concretized and
devoid of emotional overtones. The use of a large
number of adjectives allows women to better describe
things and their own feelings, which indicates their
greater sensitivity to the environment, which in turn
makes the female language more interesting than the
male one. Women use more complex constructions
when describing a color palette. In female speech, you
can often find such words as: mauve, lavender
aquamarine, azure, magenta, etc. The male half did not
use these words in any interview.
Adverbs
There are also differences in the use of adverbs
between men and women. Women tend to use
amplifying adverbs such as awfully, pretty, terribly,
vastly, quite, and the phrase "It was so interesting!" is
also often said. The opposite sex uses adverbs such as:
very, utterly, really.
Diminutive words
Women like to use words that mean "small", such as
"bookie, hanky, and panties". They also like to use
words that show affection: dearie, sweetie. In addition,
they use words that show politeness: “please, thanks”,
and also often use euphemisms.
Based on the above analysis, we can confidently speak
about lexical and stylistic differences in the speech of
men and women, due to their gender. The concept of
gender identity is formed in the process of
socialization, and is the result of the assimilation of
gender stereotypes.
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