Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
25
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
25-29
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article is dedicated to various ways of interpreting, especially converse translation transformations: various
aspects of converse language units are analyzed and their characteristics are explained. The interaction of converse
transformations with other modifications will be studied
—
also the impact of complex transformations to express a
discursive form of original text in the translation.
KEYWORDS
Translation, converse translation, translation transformations, conversion transformation, interpretation, discourse
of text, variant of translation, forms without variants, the complex nature of converse transformations.
INTRODUCTION
Translation transformations are one of the most
actively studied aspect in modern translation theory.
However, this aspect is still attractive as it has
problems to be resolved.
The literature devoted to the current problems of
translation theory discusses the variability of
interpretation types in translation transformations.
Translators, on the other hand, focus on grammatical,
linguistic,
semantic,
logical,
and
meaning
characteristics that serve as the basis for
interpretation. This article is devoted to studying the
essence of this issue. Naturally, our mission here is not
to focus on the complex solution of the issue, but
simply to highlight a converse transformation event in
translation. We analyze the degree of influence of
converse transformation in translating the semantic
content of the original text into another language. To
Research Article
CONVERSE TRANSFORMATIONS IN TRANSLATION: INTERPRETATION
TYPES
Submission Date:
September 13, 2024,
Accepted Date:
September 18, 2024,
Published Date:
September 23, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/Volume04Issue09-05
Nosirova Lobar Roziqovna
Master of the Faculty of Foreign Languages at Bukhara State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
26
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
25-29
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
do this, we study the principle of interpretation of this
transformation from many aspects: linguistic-semantic
(denotative),
grammatical
(morphological
and
structural-synthetic),
semantic,
and
discourse-
expressive aspects.
METHODOLOGY
In the field of translation theory, many translators are
focused heavily on the study of conversive
transformation. [see: Komissarov V.N. 1973; Goroxova
A.I. 2004; Breus E.V.2007]. The nature of this
translation modification (change) is very close to the
antonymous translation and this is an interesting
aspect of this phenomenon [Karabanova O.O. 2000;
Garbovsky N.K. 2007]. While using antonymic
translation and converse transformation both
linguistic
and
grammatical
changes
can
be
implemented.
At the same time, the nature of conversive has a
deeper characteristic, since linguistic-grammatical
replacement comes with a change in the direction of
movement. Converse transformations, as a rule,
incorporate complex changes in translation in
themselves, as they often influence the semantic
aspect of the text [Latishev L. 1983, 317; Sheytsar A.D.
1988, 215].
In a conversion, first of all, the semantic aspect of the
state image changes, that is, an object in a statement
is described or defined on behalf of the other site
(other tools are involved in describing the same
object). In this case, only the pragmatic meaning
harmony (semantic direction) of the element remains
unchanged. A. Jolkovsky and I.Melchuk conversive in
translation transformations "describe the same
relationship from another direction ..." [1970, 85].
Converse transformations are defined by the semantic
opposition of characteristics. In conversions, the
logical component is distinguished. At the same time,
different directional actions that are opposite to each
other, in this event are intertwined. In linguistics, pairs
of words or combinations of words that denote the
same meaning on different sides are treated as
conversions., masalan, “A has B = B belongs to A”; “In
front of A B = Behind B A” [S
ee Latishev L.K. 1983, 375].
A converse transformation can occur both within one
language and in translating from one language to
another. But now, it is more important for us to analyze
converse transformations in bilingual translation, so
we will consider the use of them in English Uzbek and
Russian-English translations.
We can also add that converse transformations rely in
many ways on the status being described or the results
of communication: explication (visual) expression may
include "new" acts (not presented in the original text)
based on a logical deduction method or probability
criteria through a special appearance of other
characters. The fact that the object is not specified
does not mean that the object is not in the situation or
the communication process. Implicative (input)
objects can also be the key to describing clearly
"adequately" the situation in the translation process.
DISCUSSION
The following shows the cases in which converse
translation transformations were used and we're going
to take a look at them. The translation transformations
being analyzed are cursively separated and numbered,
drawn at the bottom of the sentence parts. Example:
(1). Deputy Military Minister Ilya Kolarov, 3)in charge of
the military-industrial
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
27
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
25-29
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
complex approved during an introductory trip to
6)New Delhi 1)last week, that
Russia’s 8) stranglehold on 7)Indian agreements 9)was
under threat.
Translation:
(1.) 1)O’tgan hafta 2)Rossiya davlatidagi harbiy
-sanoat
kompleksiga
3)rahbarlik qiluvchi 4)Rossiya harbiy vaziri o’
rinbosari I.
Kolarov 6)Hindistonga
tayyorgarlik tashrifi davomida Rossiyaning 7)Hindiston
harbiy importidagi 8)ustun mavqei tahdid ostida
9)ekanligini tan oldi.
To keep the purpose of the sentence in translation and
prevent its current parts from division and being
repeated in the translation language it is slightly
deviated from the form of lexicograms. 6)(“New
Delhi”) linguistic unit is translated into the word:
6)(“Hindiston”): a certain description of the situation
comes from the other. “He visited Dehli”: you can also
understand the sense that he became acquainted with
the attractions of the Indian capital. It also used a
method of specification (“Deputy Prime Minister” –
“4)Rossiya bosh vazirining o’rinbosari”). 3) the
combination (“In charge of”) is t
ranslated into
3)(“rahbarlik qiluvchi”). The method of addition was
also used: 2)(“Rossiya davlatida”). Most notable is a
complex nominative replacement with an element of
semantic conversion: 8)(“stranglehold”) translated in
a way that is 8)(“ustun mavqe”
). The goal of avoiding
uncertainty and inadequacy here has made it an
obligation to use another transformation: 7) the
element (“on Indian contracts”) has been replaced by
an element and translated as 7)(“Hindiston harbiy
importi”) and the word "harbiy" w
as added to this. This
replacement can also be understood as a converse
event, based on the state image. After all, it is clear that
"military imports" without "contracts" are almost
impossible. These two elements come hand in hand
with each other.
A different element was used to create the status
image: across the reference a denonative "shift" was
formed. Because it is clear that the description area is
not limited to the element of "contracts", and this
situation does not interfere with the full description of
the situation. One can explain why this version of the
translation was used, that the determination of the
description of the situation is only slightly liberated in
the translation language. This is because the use of a
strict form in this context is not necessarily required.
Here's a step towards a little free translation was
made.
Using
applied
transformations,
direct
translation was used (“was under threat” –
tahdid
ostida) through which we pursued to clearly describe
the meaning of the communication center in the
sentence given. If we had preserved the image of the
word (“stranglehold”) in translation, in this case, it
would also require a revision of the meaning of the
element (“was under threat”). If we translated the
figurativeness of these elements, it would be as
follows: (“bo’g’ib o’ldirish ... tahdid ostida”), this is not
a common situation in the Uzbek language style. If we
had received this word in the form of "choking" in the
translation, then conversion would have been formed
in another part of the sentence.
Let’s analyze another example of converse
transformation with the help of translation materials
from Russian to English:
Example:
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
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International Journal Of Literature And Languages
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2771-2834)
VOLUME
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AGES
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OCLC
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Publisher:
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(1). 1) Его рекордный мороз –
710С уступает только
Антарктическому.
Translation:
(1). Only Antarctica can beat its record low -
710С.
In the translation, the semantic center of this sentence
is "Antarctica". The predicate center in the original text
is the word-
“Антарктическому”. In both languages,
the word in the function of rema is intertwined. But to
maintain the adequacy of the Rema in the sentence,
several changes have been made in the translation. The
first transformation is a transposition, i.e. changing the
location of the sentence pieces: The final part of the
original-language sentence was forwarded in the
translation language. As a result, the adverb “только
-
only” is placed before the word “Antarctica”. A two
-
fold change in the linguistic form of sentence structure
at the same time led to a complex grammatical
transformation: the adjective “Антарктическому” is
swapped with the noun “Antarctica”
RESULTS
Compare contexts in different languages, that's what
we've achieved, though it's very complex to get rid of
the linguistic expression tools given in the original text,
sometimes there is a need to use them. As the first
cited example shows, the translation not only
grammatical, linguistic replacements, modifications,
and additions but also used two converse
modifications were used that generally named the
object from a different point of view: (“stranglehold”)
(In literal translation:: bo’g’ish, bo’g’ib o’ldirish) –
(“ustun mavqe”). It is also important to note that the
end of the sentence can also be translated using an
antonymous
method:
(“Rossiya
hind
harbiy
importidagi ustun mavqeini yo’qotishi mumkin”).
The second example analyzed illustrates that repeating
the discourse form of the original text in the translation
text cannot be expressed without changing its
linguistic nature. In the second example, the presence
of synthetic transformation is also significant: the
identifier has been changed to the subject and the
converse transformation has been carried out: the
verb/predicate “уступает” is replaced by the
verb/predicate “can beat”. As a result, this situation
leads to the name of the movement from the opposite
side.
CONCLUSION
The cited examples are proof that converse
transformations have a complex character. It is not
intended to interpret them as purely grammatical,
linguistic or logical changes. As illustrated by the
examples, converse transformations simultaneously
involve linguistic, grammatical and logical changes and
affect all aspects of the linguistic form of the sentence.
Of course, unlike pure grammatical transformations
and antonymous translations, the degree of influence
of converse transformations is becoming more
important in translating the semantic content of the
original text. These transformations are widely used in
translation.
The complex nature of transformations undertaken in
the translation process is based on such characteristics
as lexical, grammatical, content, logical, and discourse-
expressive. The more methods of fully interpreting the
content of the original text in a translation, the greater
the importance of translation transformations. The
abundance of linguistic characteristics in the original
text increases the need to use transformations in
translation. The deeper meaning of the linguistic units
in the sentence, the more specific transformations can
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
29
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
(ISSN
–
2771-2834)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
25-29
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
also be detected. In the case of a large number of
interpretations, the transformation alone can be
interpreted in a variety of ways. The abundance of
interpretations corresponds to the variant form of the
translation.
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