International Journal Of Literature And Languages
25
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue01 2025
PAGE NO.
25-27
10.37547/ijll/Volume05Issue02-07
Features of the manifestation of intertextuality in a
literary text
Sharipova Munira Khamidullaevna
Associate Professor, Uzbekistan State University of World Languages, Doctor of Philosophy in Philology, Uzbekistan
Received:
14 December 2024;
Accepted:
16 January 2025;
Published:
18 February 2025
Abstract:
This article analyzes the artistic-aesthetic and conceptual features of the poem "Demonstration" by
Abdulla Oripov, Hero of Uzbekistan and People's Poet. The research examines the mechanisms of expressing
socio-political critique and the struggle against spiritual decline in the poem, as well as exploring the artistic and
figurative interpretation of the call for knowledge and enlightenment. The role of intertextual connections,
symbolic imagery, and artistic devices in creating meaning, and the reflection of the lives of various peoples and
universal human values, are investigated. Using the poem "Demonstration" as an example, the poetic possibilities
of intertextuality, and the significance of historical and cultural allusions in enriching the content of the work, are
demonstrated. The article also acknowledges the poet's profound analysis of world history, human spirituality,
and the problems of modern society, and his raising of crucial philosophical questions facing humanity.
Keywords:
Abdulla Oripov, "Demonstration," intertextuality, symbol, artistic devices, socio-political critique,
spirituality, enlightenment, universal human values.
Introduction:
Abdulla Oripov's work holds a special
place in its unique artistic expression of the realities of
social life, national spirituality, and international
events. The poet's poem "Demonstration," written in
2015, is one such work, aimed at depicting political and
social problems in a critical spirit. At the heart of the
poem is the overall state of the world, highlighting its
various facets, with particular attention to the decline
of human spirituality and culture. In his poem
"Demonstration," A. Oripov describes a symbolic
demonstration
–
a parade
–
involving various
continents and countries. This parade appears as an
artistic expression of events on the modern world's
political stage. States are introduced through their
symbols and emblems. However, through this parade,
the poet exposes deep socio-political and spiritual
problems. Each continent or country is depicted in its
unique style in the poem.
Intertextuality
–
a means of using other works,
historical events, or cultural sources in one work
–
is
heavily used in the poem "Demonstration." A. Oripov
simultaneously establishes a close connection between
modern events and historical traditions. The
intertextuality in the poem embodies historical events,
the global political situation, the spiritual image of
humanity, and literary allusions. The poet portrays the
socio-political state of various continents, nations, and
countries in the world as a unique demonstration. Each
continent and country is illuminated through specific
symbols, and their cultural, political, and spiritual state
is analyzed in the poem.
METHOD
All countries of the world participate in the
demonstration, but each of them is depicted through
different signs and symbols. This analysis can be
divided into four main types:
1. Historical Intertextuality
. The depictions of Africa,
Asia, Europe, Russia, and the United States in the poem
refer to specific historical events. The symbolic
representation of the activities of these continents and
states is an intertextual novelty, with references to
various sources.
Africa
–
Symbol of Colonialism and Ancient Cultures:
"Africa passed by carrying a spear,
The sounds of tam-tams filled the sky."
The image of Africa alludes to the continent's complex
history. The spear is the weapon of ancient Africans,
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
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International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834)
and the tam-tam is their traditional musical instrument.
Colonialism in the country and the cultural heritage of
the continent are conveyed through the spear, tam-
tam sounds, and the image of riding an elephant. This
reference recalls the colonial history of the land. In the
poem, Africa appears as a continent that fought for its
independence.
Asia
–
Symbol of Weapons and Children:
"Asia, leading her children,
With bombs loaded on a cart."
In these lines, Asia leading her children and loading
bombs on a cart refers to the devastating
consequences of war. War and violence are shown as
one of the continent's painful points. The child symbol
is not only a symbol of the victimized generation but
also a symbol of life and the future. The image of
"bombs loaded on a cart" symbolically reflects political
instability and conflicts in the region.
"Ours passed by, cheerful and victorious,
Holding a cotton boll in their hand."
In the lines above, cotton is presented as a symbol for
Uzbekistan during the Soviet era in two ways. On the
one hand, cotton is a symbol of national wealth, and on
the other hand, the hard work and historical problems
of cotton production behind it are evoked. In fact, the
feeling of victory is given with an ironic simile.
Europe
–
Portrayal of the Crisis of Moral Values:
The image of Europe shows the crisis of moral values.
The line "Europe, unable to distinguish gender" refers
to the changes and loss of clarity in the moral norms in
European society.
"They passed by, calling the brother a sister,
Europe, unable to distinguish gender."
In these lines, modern issues in European culture
–
such
as gender and changes in traditions
–
are given from a
critical point of view.
Russia and America
–
Reference to Military and Political
Superiority:
"The Russian frightened with his rocket,
The States themselves directed."
Here, the military power of Russia and the dominant
position of the United States of America on the world
political stage are highlighted. Directing refers to
America's control over global processes.
2. Cultural Intertextuality
. The poem features various
cultural symbols and references. The traditional
clothing of African peoples signifies their rich culture
and historical traditions. The "sounds of tam-tams"
refer to the customs and traditions of the continent's
culture. Tam-tam drums are an important symbol in the
lives of Africans, used to express historical events.
"Elephants and buffaloes" are cultural depictions
characteristic of the continents of Asia and Africa, with
these animals symbolically representing power and
strength. Europe, on the other hand, stands out as a
symbol of modern cultural decline. The "cotton boll"
represents the diligence of the Uzbek people and the
country's economic mainstay.
3. Literary Intertextuality
. The intertextuality in A.
Oripov's poem "Demonstration" is linked to the
philosophical and critical heritage of traditional Uzbek
literature. The symbol of "passing by carrying a book"
evokes the ideas of Uzbek Enlightenment thinkers
calling for knowledge and enlightenment. The book is
used as a symbol of enlightenment and the future. The
poet calls for scientific progress and spiritual elevation,
but the critical lines at the end of the poem, where no
one passes by carrying a book, signal humanity's
spiritual decline. These literary allusions are seen as a
continuation of the Enlightenment ideas in 20th-
century literature.
4. Philosophical Intertextuality
. The most significant
intertextual feature of the poem is its philosophical
essence. The philosophical reflections convey
humanity's spiritual losses and missteps on the path to
progress. The line "The States themselves directed"
prompts reflection on who the "directors" of world
politics are. The image of the "director" here signifies
dominance in world politics. The exclamation at the
end of the poem
–
"Oh, no one passed by carrying a
book"
–
actually possesses a philosophical meaning,
raising the most important problem concerning the
spiritual views of humanity and its future elevation.
One can understand that there are references to
Alisher Navoi, Farabi, or ancient philosophical works in
these lines, because the symbol of enlightenment and
the book has a deep meaning in Uzbek literature.
Through this, the poet portrays the decline of human
spirituality and ignorance with regret. People who do
not pass by carrying a book indicate that they are far
from knowledge and enlightenment.
"The spectacle is almost over,
Oh, no one passed by carrying a book."
These lines indicate a spiritual decline. The book is
considered a symbol of knowledge, enlightenment, and
spirituality. In these lines, the author criticizes the fact
that people in the modern world pursue the material
world and neglect spiritual wealth.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
A.Oripov has perfectly integrated intertextuality with
artistic devices in this poem. The successful creative
value of the poem is manifested in the skillful use of
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
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International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834)
artistic means. Below, we analyze the main ones:
1. Artistic Symbols
. Symbols such as the book, rocket,
bomb, cotton boll, and cart have multiple meanings,
depicting various aspects of the lives of peoples. The
spear is a symbol of the ancient struggle and historical
heritage of Africans. The cart signifies a heavy history
and spiritual burden. While the book is a symbol of
knowledge, enlightenment, and spirituality, the rocket
and bomb are considered symbols of destruction and
power. Cotton is a symbol of national wealth and labor.
Overall, every image in the poem has a symbolic
meaning.
2. Antithesis
. The contradictions between knowledge
and power, spirituality and violence have a deep
philosophical meaning. The presentation of the
contradictions between child and bomb, book and
rocket, knowledge and politics enhances the poem's
impact.
3. Allegory
. The depiction of each state, continent, and
people serves as an allegory that generalizes a specific
reality. States and continents are depicted like people,
distinguished by their nature, power, or problems. The
unique aspect of each nation alludes to the
international situation and global problems of that era.
4. Epithet
. Images become more vivid in the poem with
the help of various descriptive adjectives. For example,
phrases such as "mournful sky" (хуфтон само), "no one
passed by carrying a book" have a deep philosophical
meaning.
5. Irony
. Much of the poem is based on irony. The
author criticizes the weak points of each state and
society with a mixture of laughter and critique. The fact
that the Uzbek people happily and victoriously pass by
in the demonstration holding a cotton boll actually
signifies the country's dependence on cotton. This
ironically alludes to the difficult situations associated
with cotton production.
CONCLUSION
A.Oripov's poem "Demonstration" is a work written in
a socio-political critical spirit, in which a unique attitude
is expressed towards various events in the world.
Standing against spiritual decline and cultural poverty,
the poet expresses his thoughts calling for knowledge
and enlightenment. Through intertextuality, symbols,
and artistic devices, he depicts not only the lives of
various peoples but also universal human values. The
poem "Demonstration" is a vivid example of
intertextuality, where historical and cultural references
make the work even more profound. The poet deeply
analyzes world history, the spiritual state of man, and
the problems of modern society. Using historical,
cultural, literary, and philosophical sources, the poet
asks humanity important questions: "By what path do
we pursue enlightenment? Do we value knowledge and
spirituality?" The poet awaits an answer from us: man
cannot develop without spirituality, and the "book" is
the key to true freedom and enlightenment. Any force
or power in the world only progresses with knowledge
and enlightenment. Carrying a book is the first step
towards returning to spirituality. The poem
"Demonstration" gives the reader deep spiritual
guidance and encourages them to think.
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