International Journal Of Literature And Languages
20
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue04 2025
PAGE NO.
20-22
10.37547/ijll/Volume05Issue04-06
The Expression of Causative, Resultative and
Ditransitive Constructions in English And Uzbek
Languages
Davlatova Mukhayyo Hasanovna
(PhD) docent, Bukhara State Medical Institute, A head of Uzbek language and literature, russian and english department, Uzbekistan
Email:
Received:
17 February 2025;
Accepted:
15 March 2025;
Published:
16 April 2025
Abstract:
In the sphere of aspectual semantics, relevance plays an important role in special research due to the
diversity of methods and means of expression. This is because resilience is also characterized by the ability to be
expressed in specific units and structures. This led to the selection of resilience as a separate research object. On
a constructional approach, we can understand aspects of the final interpretation involving caused motion,
intended transfer, or caused result to be contributed by the respective constructions. That is, we can understand
skeletal constructions to be capable of contributing arguments. For example, we can define the ditransitive
construction to be associated directly with agent, patient, and recipient roles, and then associate the class of verbs
of creation with the ditransitive construction. We do not need to stipulate a specific sense of bake unique to this
construction. In general, we can understand the direct objects found in the above examples to be licensed not
directly as arguments of the verbs but by the particular constructions.
Keywords:
Construction, semantics, resultative, inchoative, iterative, depictive, causative, morphological,
syntactic, lexical connections, secondary predicate.
Introduction:
Constructions play a main role in the
study of syntax and semantics binding. The term
construction is used in relation to linguistic expression,
which has a plan and meaning of expression. Language
units and combinations of any level with content and
form are considered a structure, and its elements can
also be a morpheme, a word, a combination, a
sentence. Thus, causative expression, ratio, ratio-
specific combinations, resultative, inchoative, iterative
expressions can be an example of the aspectual
structure. In our analysis, attention is paid to the
resultative, causative, passive, depictive structures.
The reason these structures are in shape and content
close to each other is that they form a large group.
Literature review
In resultative, ditransitive, causative structures, the
lexical basis of the verb, the syntactic connection, has
the same appearance. Resultative, ditransitive,
causative structures differ in their semantic feature,
although the forms are very close to each other. In
some cases, the meanings of causality and resultability
or causality and depictivity may be embodied within a
structure. Structures are the basic unit that gives a
practical expression to each language. In the
construction of the structures that make up certain
expressions, an element is considered to be a structure
if it is set in the constructive approach to the study of
language units are understood types of analysis, which
include causative actions, purposeful transformation,
results
resulting
from
causation,
complex
complementary meanings. It is obtained as a specific
template using certain morphological, syntactic, lexical
connections. For example, in transitive verb structures,
the functions performed directly by agents, patients,
and the addressee, and to which verb class they are
associated, are important. In general, intransitive fillers
are not considered as a direct verb argument, but as a
structure.
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
21
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll
International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834)
Analysis
In many languages, the structures associated with
causality and resultability has been studied
syntactically and semantically separately. Researchers
differentiate causal and expressive expressions
according to their intensive, functional, physical, and
linguistic characteristics (V.P. Nedyalkov, 1983). The
expression of causatve, as well as of resultability, varies
according to the morphological, syntactic formation of
each language. In some languages, these phenomena
have a morphological index, a syntactic form, while in
others they have a lexical feature. Lexical feature is also
a feature of morphologically formed languages.
Because sometimes causative and resultability occur
directly in relation to the lexical and semantic nature of
the verb. Morphologically and syntactically, they are a
feature of certain languages. In these structures, the
expression of the verb can have a causative, depictive,
and
resultant
meaning,
depending
on
the
subordination of the additional argument. In particular,
causative verbs in English form a special causative and
resultant structure by subordinating a complex
complement or by combining certain adjectives
associated with changing the state of an object.
Constructions can be understood to correspond to the
"litemes" of DiSciullo Williams (l987) that is, the entities
of grammar that must be listed. However, our view of
the collection of listemes is radically different from
theirs. They state categorically: " If conceived of as the
set of listemes, the lexicon is incredibly boring by its
very nature. It contains objects of no single specifiable
type (words, VPs, morphemes, perhaps intonational
patterns, and so on), and those objects that it does
contain are there because they fail to conform to
interesting laws. The lexicon is like a prison-it contains
only the lawless, and the only thing that its inmates
have in common is lawlessness" (p. 3). This view of the
lexicon, or what might be better termed the
conslruclicon, following Jurafsky (1992), is rejected in
the present work. The collection of constructions is not
assumed to consist of an unstructured set of
independent entities, but instead it is taken to
constitute a highly structured lattice of interrelated
information.
Resultative, in turn, is also related to the static nature
of the verb, in which the static predicate forms the
resultant structures. For example, The Lake froze solid.
It is also necessary to distinguish between the
productive and depictive structures expressed in the
predicate. The relation of the action of the predicate in
the resultant structures to time allows them to be
distinguished from the depictive structures. This is
evident in the Uzbek language. According to D. Nasilov,
the static form of the verb in the Uzbek language plays
an important role in the formation of resultant
structures logically related to the capabilities of
an
other. The author gives the example of “a gun hanger
on the wall”. It is argued that static quality has formed
productive structures as a predicate. In the example of
the rifle hanging on the next wall, it is noted that the
perfect meaning of the verb in the form of the passive
pronoun is formed.
DISCUSSION
In syntactic typology, the term "resultative" is applied
to a secondary predicate in successive structures. For
example: The lake froze solid, He shoot her dead. The
term resilience refers to the expected outcome of
transformative processes. Resultative and depictive
structures are close in form. The depictive meaning
expressed in the cut of a sentence is usually formed in
certain semantic groups of the verb denoting a state, a
change of state, an action. The depictive expression is
also reflected in the description of the physical and
psychological state of the person represented by the
horse cut. For example: A feeling of love was awakened
in his heart. The room was cluttered and untidy.
The depictive expression is semantically related to the
state of a person. Another aspect of the deficit that
differs from the resultant structures is that it does not
appear to form a complex structural cut. Resultative
structures, on the other hand, often consist of primary
and secondary predicates. They are semantically
related to the person, and the resultant differs from the
depictive in that the action or situation expressed by
the primary predicate is achieved after a certain time.
For example: He pulled his tie tight. Compounds
meaning this began to be referred to as the resultant
structure. The fact that these structures are directly
related to the predicate also gives rise to the idea that
they are part of the main predicate, that is, they do not
have their own syntactic function. She snapped her bag
shut.
Resultative structures with the passive relative form in
English date back to the history of the development of
grammatical forms. These structures are considered to
be the product of the passive ratio form associated with
the change in state. In the Uzbek language, some of the
indicators of the resulting devices are examples of
structures made in the form of adjectives. Compare:
The windows of the brown-stone mansions were
packed with the most opulent creations of Flora, the
sister of the Lady of the Lilies. As Avaz stepped to the
podium, he noticed that the newspaper was still folded
in his hand. He licked his wet lips with his tongue and
tried to press himself.
There are also synonymous groups that form
resultative structures. They are represented by certain
International Journal Of Literature And Languages
22
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll
International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834)
analytic forms, and the role of auxiliary verbs in the
formation of their synonymous group is important.
Auxiliary verbs in both English and Uzbek have specific
functions, forms, and semantic features. Auxiliary verbs
in these languages are functionally different. The role
of auxiliary verbs in the formation of resultant
structures and their comparative analysis will be
discussed in more detail in later chapters.
CONCLUSION
It was found that the resultant structures are formed
differently depending on the lexical-semantic
expression of the verb and the subordination of the
additional argument. In English, for example, some
transitive verbs form structures depending on the
quality of the secondary predicate function associated
with the meaning of subordinating a complex
complement or changing the state of an object. In this
article, we have focused on the verb forms and
structures that signify resilience, and a comparative
analysis of their means of expression in English and
Uzbek. It was based to the resultative meanings
represented by analytical compounds as verb forms, as
well as to the lexical and grammatically formed
resultant structures. Attention was paid to the
distinction between past tense meanings, perfect,
causative, depictive, completed meaning, as well as
resultant meanings, which are assessed as synonyms
for results, and lexical-semantic features that
distinguish these events were identified.
REFERENCES
Bybee J. L., R. Perkins, W. Pagliuca.Theevolution of
grammar: Tense, aspect and modality in the languages
ofthe world.
–
Chicago: The U. of Chicago Press, 1994.
Carrier J., Randall J.H., The Argument Structure and
Syntactic Structure of Resultatives //Linguistic Inquiry
23, 1992.
–Р. 173
-234.
Comrie B., Vogel P. Approaches to the Typology of
Word Classes.
–
Berlin, 2000.
–
514 p.
Chomsky N. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax.
Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT, 1965.
–
251 p.
Croft W.Radical Construction Grammar: Syntactic
Theory in Typological Perspective. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2001.
–
416 p.
Dowty D. Causative verb-formation and other verb-
driving morphology // Language typology and syntactic
description. Vol. 3.Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1985.
–
P 301-348.
Dahl Ö .The tense-aspect systems of European
languages in a typological perspective // Tense and
aspect in the languages of Europe. Berlin: Mouton de
Gruyter, 2000.
–
P. 3
–
25.
Dahl Ö. The tense-aspect systems of European
languages in a typological perspective // Tense and
aspect in the languages of Europe. Berlin: Mouton de
Gruyter, 2000.
–
P. 3
–
25.
DiSciullo Williams Linguistic inquiry monographs l987.
–
P. 23
–
25.
H., Davlatova M. "Aspectual Variability of Information
Culture in the History of the English Language."
International Journal on Integrated Education, vol. 3,
no. 3, 2020, pp. 24-28, doi:10.31149/ijie.v3i3.81.
Davlatova, M. H. "Variability of A spectual Meanings in
English." European Journal of Research and Reflection
in Educational Science 7.12.2019 (2019): 778-780.
Davlatova, M. H. "An Integrative history of Aspectual
meanings."
JournalNX-A
Multidisciplinary
Peer
Reviewed Journal, Volume6 4 (2020): 17-22.
Давлатова, Мухайё Хасановна. "The role of songs in
learning English." Молодой ученый 10 (2015): 1145
-
1147.
Mukhayyo
Hasanovna Davlatova, “RELATION OF
LEXICAL-SEMANTIC STRUCTURE OF VERBS IN THE
LINGUISTIC
ESSENCE”,
IEJRD
-
International
Multidisciplinary Journal, vol. 6, no. SP, p. 5, Jan. 2021.
Davlatova, Mukhayyo H. "Lexico-semantic Structure
and Its Analysis on the Example of Verbs." JournalNX,
vol. 6, no. 06, 2020, pp. 189-192.
Давлатова, Мухайё Хасановна. "Этапы работы с
видеотекстами на занятиях Английского языка."
Интернаука 9
-2 (2017): 16-19.
Davlatova Mukhayyo Hasanovna. (2021). DIFFERENT
ASPECTS OF RESULTATIVE STRUCTURES ACCORDING
TO THEIR LINGUISTIC ESSENCE. Academicia Globe:
Inderscience
Research,
2(05),
475
–
479.
https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/D4T8J.
Hasanovna,
Davlatova
Mukhayyo.
"SEMANTIC
IMPLEMENTATION OF RESULTUTIVE STRUCTURES."
METHODS 7.6 (2021).
Давлатова, Муҳайё. "ASPECTUAL AND LEXICO
-
SEMANTIC CLASSIFICATION OF VERBS." Сўз санъати
халқаро журнали 1.3 (2020).
Hasanovna, Davlatova Muhayyo. "VARIABILITY OF
ASPECTUAL MEANINGS IN ENGLISH." European Journal
of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences Vol
7.12 (2019).
Давлатова, М. Х. "РАБОТА НАД ВИДЕОТЕКСТОМ НА
ЗАНЯТИЯХ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА." Теория и
практика современной науки 4 (2018): 242
-246.
