Computer Science

In this study, mathematical modeling was carried out to calculate the diffusion process of harmful substances in the atmosphere, taking into account diffusion coefficients such as wind speed, particle size, and temperature.

В статье анализируется образовательный потенциал математического моделирования как эффективной технологии формирования универсальных компетенций у студентов бакалавриата.

The article develops a mathematical model describing the processes of nonlinear filtration of groundwater in multilayer heterogeneous porous media that affect the flow of groundwater and the transport of pollutants.

The relevance and demanding of the dissertation the theme. Today in the field of information and communication technologies is paid more attention to the development of process control system for processing digital video images in the video-information systems. In the conditions of intensive development of modem information and communication systems increasing amount and the flow of information arc one of the most urgent problems of improving the quality of television images and control the filtering process by the redundant information. In this direction of information and communication technologies the leading countries of the world increased demand and requirements for improving methods of filtering and increasing the brightness of digital television images. «On the world stage revenue from digital television transmission in 2016 in the media was estimated at 7 billion US dollars, in the past five years achieved 23% economic efficiency of online TV».1
In the Republic of Uzbekistan held wide-ranging measures to address the challenges associated with an increase in the brightness of a digital television image, for the effective organization of measures for the automatic identification and timely elimination of noise and foreign elements in the images. In this area, including on the establishment of methods to increase brightness and filter images, intellectualization processing management processes digital image, the creation of specialized software-based complex improvement of methods to eliminate shifts and signalnyh distortions arise as a result of the additive, pulsed addaptivno-gaussnogo types influences in the processing of digital television images, a number of research projects.
In the world of one of the most important issues is the formation of digital TV images based on them improving process control system of image processing, the development of numerical models and algorithms for solving various problems of filtration of digital television images using Fourier and wavelet methods. In this area, carried out targeted research, including the attention given in the following areas: development sovershenstovat method of classification and selection criteria, monitoring and evaluation of image quality, the development of precision management of images for given values of pixels of medium intensity, creating modellirovaniya image processing algorithms , the development of process control methods to ensure level-definition television images. Conducting research on the above research areas confirms the relevance of the topic of this thesis.
This dissertation research to a certain extent is the implementation of the tasks stipulated in the Decree of President of Uzbekistan № PP-1741 dated April 17, 2012 «On State program of technical and technological transition to digital broadcasting in the Republic of Uzbekistan», and in the decree of the Cabinet of Ministers № 24 of 1 February, 2012 «On measures to create conditions for the further development of computerization and information and communication technologies in the field» as well as in other legal instruments adopted in this area.
The aim of the study is development of methods, algorithms and raster models of filtration processes and improve the quality of television images in the video information based on the use of mathematical models of systems with partial derivatives.
Scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
developed mechanism for the use of the Fourier transform, wavelet and discrete-cosine transform in the process of processing a television-dimensional images in video information systems on the basis of criteria taking into account the characteristics and limits of the boundary conditions;
developed a method for process control to ensure the required level of brightness and visual assessment of quality indicators of video images for given values of the average intensity of the pixels;
developed a mathematical model to describe the spatial - temporal processing digital video images and the corresponding algorithm for solving nonlinear two-parameter system;
the model of entropy encoding processing of sequential dynamic digital television images, as well as the method of edge enhancement and image segments in the video information systems;
developed methods and algorithms for the solution of problems to eliminate image defects in the processing of digital video images to video information systems by means of mathematical models using the theory of differential and discrete games;
developed methods for linear and nonlinear filtering increasing the brightness of the computer processing of static and dynamic video images based on the modeling of differential equations and the formation of non-linear game problems;
developed a method of eliminating shifts defects additive, pulsed and adaptive Gaussian nature using anisotropy filtration and separately-smooth image models.
Conclusion
According to the research doctoral dissertation on the theme «Mathematical models of filtration processes and improving quality of television pictures in video information systems» were made the following conclusions:
1. The processing of digital video images to video information systems using the methods of creating mathematical models, expressions using linear and nonlinear differential equations based on game theory analysis of the application of computing algorithms and software systems have defined the theoretical basis of the prospects and characteristics.
2. Create a filtering processing methods of static and dynamic video images based on differential equations, the validity of the mathematical correctness of their algorithms, develop appropriate computational algorithms and software systems helps automate the process of managing improve the clarity of images on the average intensity of pixels.
3. Transformations such as Fourier, discrete cosine and wavelet-based restrictions television image processing processes, criteria and parameters selected classification contributes to the creation of visual quality assessment methods for digital television images.
4. As a result of computational experiments and mathematical modeling based on differential game theory image processing solution is found to eliminate the time-phase shifts and adaptive defects, impulse and additive-gausnogo types of images.
5. Establishment of a mathematical model of television image processing in two parametrical nonlinear systems automate image management processes, eliminating shifts and time-phase defects through effective use of research results and computational experiments, detection and fdtering of their type in the images.
6. Development of a two-dimensional raster image of the object state model and modeling algorithms contentious states in the television image processing allows you to choose how to ensure the desired brightness distribution of pixels and image formation of nonlinear tasks of the game.
7. Improvement of ways to filter processing digital video images with temporary-phase shifts and defects can eliminate deficiencies in the transmission of images by optimization taking into account the characteristics of the pulses in the spectral imaging fields, the use of methods of adaptive anisotropic filtering and models of scparatcly-consistcnt images.
8. Create an image brightness control system through a series of Chebyshev matrix, adaptive control mechanism for processing images in a dynamic sequence estimation algorithm allows to develop the efficiency and accuracy in image processing.
9. The use of edge enhancement with image segmentation in video systems, model entropy coding of television images and linear filtering techniques images using Wiener Нора equations provide an opportunity to reduce defects and changes in television images by approximately 11 -26%, as well as increase the level of brightness images on 8.5%.

Subjects of research: low-frequency digital signals, and architecture of digital signal processors.
Purpose of work: To develop high-speed signal processing techniques to be submitted in the form of an algebraic polynomial on the basis of the signal spectrum, and their software implementation on modern signal processors.
Methods of research: a theory of functional analysis, spectral analysis in the Fourier bases, methods of calculating polynomials and elementary functions, theory of numbers and matrices.
The results obtained and their novelty: A method for transforming the signal in the area of polynomial representation, and finding the polynomial coefficients using the spectral approach, the algorithms and software for polynomial signal processing using digital signal processors; the qualitative characteristics of the developed algorithms was examined, A polynomial approach for calculating the biosignal parameters and to solve the problems of compression and audio signals smoothing.
Practical value: The algorithm for calculating the coefficients of algebraic polynomials, a set of digital signal processing was established applications, developed applications are protected by the Patent Office evidence of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Degree of embed and economic cffectivity: the basic theoretical and practical results of the thesis inculcated in the Institute of Physiology and Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan and Institute of Microelectronics, as well as embedded in the learning process at the Department of «Computer Systems» Tashkent University of Information Technology. The total economic effect is 10 million sum in a year.
Field of application: the thesis methods, algorithms and software designed in dissertation work can be used in medicine, biology, geophysics, ecology, seismology, speech processing and audio signals.

Subjects of research: low-frequency digital signals, and architecture of digital signal processors.
Purpose of work: To develop high-speed signal processing techniques to be submitted in the form of an algebraic polynomial on the basis of the signal spectrum, and their software implementation on modern signal processors.
Methods of research: a theory of functional analysis, spectral analysis in the Fourier bases, methods of calculating polynomials and elementary functions, theory of numbers and matrices.
The results obtained and their novelty: A method for transforming the signal in the area of polynomial representation, and finding the polynomial coefficients using the spectral approach, the algorithms and software for polynomial signal processing using digital signal processors; the qualitative characteristics of the developed algorithms was examined, A polynomial approach for calculating the biosignal parameters and to solve the problems of compression and audio signals smoothing.
Practical value: The algorithm for calculating the coefficients of algebraic polynomials, a set of digital signal processing was established applications, developed applications are protected by the Patent Office evidence of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the basic theoretical and practical results of the thesis inculcated in the Institute of Physiology and Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan and Institute of Microelectronics, as well as embedded in the learning process at the Department of «Computer Systems» Tashkent University of Information Technology. The total economic effect is 10 million sum in a year.
Field of application: the thesis methods, algorithms and software designed in dissertation work can be used in medicine, biology, geophysics, ecology, seismology, speech processing and audio signals.

Ushbu maqolada bolalarni tabiat bilan tanishtirishning pedagogik jarayon sifatida ahamiyatini o'rganadi, bolaning har tomonlama rivojlanishida tabiatning muhim rolini tan oladi. Tadqiqot bolalaming kognitiv, hissiy, ijtimoiy va jismoniy rivojlanishini kuchaytirish uchun ko'p tarmoqli yondashuvni o'z ichiga olgan tabiatga asoslangan pedagogikaning afzalliklariga urg'u beradi. Tadqiqot tabiatga ta'sir qilishning akadcmik samaradorlikka, aqliy farovonlikka, atrof-muhitni bilishga va butun umr bo'yi ta'limga ta'sirini baholaydi. Bundan tashqari, maqolada o'qituvchilar va ota-onalar uchun tabiatni bolalaming ta'lim tajribasiga samarali integratsiya qilish uchun amaliy strategiyalar va tavsiyalarni taklif qiladi.

Ushbu tezisda hozirgi kunda keng tarqalgan neyron tarmoqlari va mashinalami o'qitishda transformer modeli ko‘rib chiqilgan. Transformer neyron tannoq modelining, tarixi, kamchiliklari, tibbiyot hamda tabiiy tilni qayta ishlashda qo'llanilishi hamda erishilgan natijalar haqida to'xtalib o'tilgan, shuningdck ushbu modelning kclajakdagi istiqbollariga ham to'xtalib o'tilgan.

Ushbu maqolada oliy harbiy ta’lim muassasalarida elektron sxemalarni tahlil qilish, hamda ularni zamonaviy kompyuter usullari, hususan Electronics Workbench Multisim dasturi yordamida modellash imkoniyatlari yoritilgan.

Mazkur maqolada innovatsiyalar sohasidagi joriy tendentsiyalar va istiqbollarni o'rganadi, iqtisodiy o‘sishga, xalq farovonligini ta’minlashga erishish hisoblanadi. Shu tufayli jahonning barcha mamlakatlarida hozirgi kunda raqobatbardosh xo‘jalik tizimlarini yaratish, mavjud tizimlarni modernizasiya va rekonstruksiya qilish, ishlab chiqarish faoliyatini tashkil etish va boshqarishning zamonaviy va samarali tajribalarini o‘zlashtirishni ta’minlash maqsadida investitsion faoliyatni faollashtirish ob’ektiv zaruriyatga aylangan. Chunki, bu ko‘rsatkichlar bugungi kunda bozor iqtisodiyotiga o‘tgan va o‘tayotgan davlatlar uchun iqtisodiy o‘sish darajasini belgilab beradi. O‘zbekistonda innovatsion rivojlanishga o‘tish borasida amalga oshirilayotgan chora-tadbirlar yoritib berilgan, innnovatsiyalarni joriy etishda mavjud hududiy tafovutlar va ularni hal etish yo‘llari asoslangan

Maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalar shaxsining shakllanishi bog‘cha yoshidagi bolalar shaxsining shakllanishiga ko‘ra, bu davmi uch bosqichga ajratish mumkin

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) modeli bir tur neyron tarmoq modellash algoritmi bo'lib, matematikaviy model hisoblanadi. U o'quvni o'zlashtiradi va murakkab, o'quvni modellari yaratish va aniqlash uchun ishlatiladi. LSTM modeli o'quvning uzluksiz, qo'shimcha o'rganish modelini o'zlashtirishda samarali bo'lib, xotirada turli holatlarni saqlash imkonini beradi.

The active development of digital technologies in modern conditions causes continuous novelization of legislation, calling into question its stability, compliance with the demands of today. Against the background of digitalization, which opens up huge advantages for all spheres of life, there is a certain lag of regulatory legal acts from the pace of technological progress, which requires timely updating and optimization of the legal framework, rapid and undifferentiated elimination of outdated, irrelevant regulations. The process of large-scale updating of legislation, the need for its continuous revision involves the use of effective legal instruments of deregulation, among which legislation with a limited period of regulatory action deserves special attention. The article considers the essential characteristics, advantages and distinctive features of this tool, analyzes the experience of a number of countries in its successful use.

The paper defines the role of intelligent devices based on loMT in improving the health care system, and also gives a brief idea of the technologies that complement loMT and the problems that arise in the development of an intelligent health care system. Given the huge needs, healthcare is seen as the most challenging area for the Internet of Medical Things (loMT) application, taking into account the security of loMT devices and the data they collect and transmit.

Recently, there has been a trend of constant development of digital technologies, which has led to the simplification of unauthorized borrowing of information resources. In this regard, the issue of protecting publicly available information from unauthorized copying becomes urgent. A technical solution has been proposed that would not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The purpose of the work: the study of the digital transformation of the constitutional and legal status of the individual. Object of work: digital transformation of the constitutional and legal status of the individual. Subject of work: study of the digital transformation of the constitutional and legal status of the individual. The practical significance lies in the usefulness of the study and the data obtained as a result of this study for building educational programs in the field of jurisprudence, compiling lecture courses in various legal disciplines, writing programs for special courses, etc. Methodological basis of the work: this study is based on the works of A. V. Ageeva, T. Adorno, V. I. Arshinov, W. Beck, D. Bell, J. Baudrillard, E. V. Galanina, F. Guattari, S. V. Devyatova, J. Deleuze, P. Drucker, V. P. Kazaryan, A. G. Kapustina, M. Castells, D. Cohen and other authors.

The purpose of the article is to highlight the most controversial concepts that are used when tax authorities apply tax control, especially when planning and conducting field tax audits, as well as proposals for specifying in regulatory legal documents in order to eliminate tax disputes. Characteristics of pre-inspection analysis, control and analytical work, work to identify unreasonable tax benefits and specific examples of their implementation are given.

The research is devoted to a comprehensive consideration of theoretical and practical issues of legal regulation of information interaction between subjects who are involved in the process of providing administrative services using Internet technologies. The dissertation analyzes the influence of processes inherent in the modern information society on the relationship between the state and the population. It was found out that as a result of the widespread introduction of Internet technologies, the functions of public administration are being transformed. Such changes in functions that are characteristic, first of all, for the executive power, due to the implementation of the concept of the “service” nature of the relationship between state authorities and local self-government with citizens, in which the government is considered as a “service provider”. The basic principles of providing administrative services in the conditions of a modern state are given, namely: satisfaction of the needs of the mass consumer, orientation to the final result, decentralization of power.

The rapid development of the gig economy has had a strong impact on labor relations in the modern world. In particular, thanks to the emergence of such a tool as digital platforms, employees have received a unique opportunity to provide services while actually maintaining a significant amount of autonomy and independence relative to classical employment. However, is it possible to consider the relationship between the employee and the company that owns the platform from the point of view of classical employment, or is it still a unique phenomenon? To answer this question, the article will provide options for the legal regulation of the employment of gig workers on digital platforms in various countries.

Общественные отношения, складывающиеся по поводу создания и использования приложений искусственного интеллекта нуждаются в правовом регулировании в первую очередь потому, что приложения искусственного интеллекта могут нанести вред (ущерб) жизни, здоровью, имуществу людей и окружающей среде. Справедливое распределение ответственности за такой вред (ущерб) может быть возможно только в случае комплексного правового регулирования прав и обязанностей основных участников жизненного цикла приложений искусственного интеллекта (хотя правовой режим иных участников тоже имеет определенное значение). Первый опыт такого правового регулирования впервые предпринят в ЕС: в 2022-2023 гг. в Европарламент внесены три проекта: регламента (сокращенно именуемый Al Act), директивы об ответственности за искусственного интеллекта, директивы об ответственности за дефектную продукцию. В настоящей работе проанализирован правовой режим поставщика, поставщика базовой модели и пользователя приложений искусственного интеллекта согласно Al Act, который будет установлен в ЕС в случае завершения законодательного процесса принятием регламента.

The author examines the problems of consumer protection when concluding an online contract. The specifics of the emergence of contractual legal relations in the online environment are analyzed, namely, the possibility of qualifying information posted on the seller’s (contractor’s) website on the Internet as an offer, including public. The relevant judicial practice is given.

In the article, the author analyzes the problems of regulating the submission of citizens’ appeals in social networks, statistics, the works of specialists and scientists, as well as judicial practice. Despite the development of information technology, citizens continue to prefer personal communication with officials. The author notes cases of unfair behavior of citizens in social networks, the need for authentication and identification of users posting messages, as well as the inexpediency of recognizing messages posted on social networks as appeals, while not denying their importance as a barometer of public sentiment. The publication was prepared on the basis of the general scientific dialectical method. The special methods used in the preparation of the publication are: system-structural, formal-legal, logical and comparative-legal. The appeals of citizens in this article mean appeals of citizens, associations of citizens, including legal entities.

The main goal of the study is a theoretical understanding of trends in the use of artificial intelligence technologies in corporate legal relations. The choice of topic is due to the presence of controversial issues regarding the legal regime of artificial intelligence. The article analyzes the areas of corporate governance in which artificial intelligence is being actively implemented. The conclusion is formulated about the need to reflect the latest trends in the activities of corporations in the current legislation. Options regarding the place of artificial intelligence in corporate law are considered.

The purpose of the study is to determine the legal nature of digital platforms, as well as their role in the development of the gig economy. The article presents different types of digital platforms that are created both at the state level and through business models by private entities, their features are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to digital platforms for the provision of financial services, which are aimed at developing the financial sector. The conclusion is made about the need for further legal regulation of the activities of platforms built on the basis of business models, as well as the legal regulation of the interaction of all participants in legal relations arising from the use of a digital platform.

The article is devoted to analyze and discuss a number of specific legal issues in the digital economy in the context of projecting the general law of unity and the struggle of opposites to the field of education. It is proposed to classify them for detailed consideration into four components - hardware, software, organizational and educational. Each component was analyzed, highlighting the main contradiction and its possible, optimal resolution.