Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
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International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental
(ISSN
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The potential of Uzbekistan in the field of tourism is huge, there are conditions for its rational use. Each region of our
country is developing its own "tourist ring" project to attract domestic and foreign tourists. This article is devoted to
the peculiarities of personnel development in the tourism industry in Tashkent. The study describes the content of the
competency-based approach from the point of view of the specific characteristics of employees in the tourism sector.
In addition, this article analyzes the general classification of competencies, on the basis of which a model for the
formation of universal competencies of tourism employees has been developed.
KEYWORDS
Operating enterprises, service innovations develop, new types of professional activities arise, and the quality of life of
the population.
INTRODUCTION
In the world, the tourism sector is directly related to
the development of all infrastructures It is embodied
as a socio-economic phenomenon that has an indirect
effect. Modern tourism is the top of the transport,
social and service sectors Based on the level of
development, it is ultimately the economy
turns it into a highly profitable industry. Tourism in the
Republic of Uzbekistan from the first days of our
independence state support of the field, engaged in
this field to create incentives for enterprises, as well as
for the tourism sector Work on the formation of
infrastructure continues at a rapid pace is being done.
Research Article
CLASSIFICATION OF PERSONNEL COMPETENCIES IN THE FIELD OF
TOURISM
Submission Date:
November 01, 2023,
Accepted Date:
November 05, 2023,
Published Date:
November 08, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmef/Volume03Issue11-03
Yuldasheva Dilnoza Ulugbekovna
Researcher At Tashkent State University Of Economics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijmef
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
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14
International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental
(ISSN
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SJIF
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(2021:
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(2023:
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OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
It should be noted that on October 4, 1993, Uzbekistan
became the World became the first member of the
tourism organization among Central Asian countries.
This in turn, it is very positive for the development of
international tourism in Uzbekistan gave an
impetus.[22]
The tourism sector generates beneficial effects
associated with its effective functioning. As a result of
successfully operating enterprises, service innovations
develop, new types of professional activities arise, and
the quality of life of the population of host territories
improves due to the growth of tourist flows and
stimulation of job creation.
LITERATURE REVIEW
The pandemic that began in 2020 has transformed
organizational and managerial approaches to doing
business. Significant changes were associated with
restrictions on movement and cessation of activity in
many areas of the economy. As a result, the service
sector suffered significant losses; measures of state
and regional support were required. The income of the
hotel business, retail trade, tourism and excursion
activities, catering, exhibition halls, passenger
transport, tour operators and travel agencies
decreased significantly (Tymoshenko, 2020). The most
negative impact factor was interregional barriers to
movement and the closure of transport corridors.
Many tourism market entities were forced to close,
and a negative trend of reduction in the number of
enterprises emerged.
The recovery of the industry should be carried out not
only on the basis of the development of infrastructure,
transport, logistics and quality tourism products, but
also the development of human resources (Bey, 2018).
In the context of digitalization and the influence of
technology on data exchange and communication with
consumers, the universal skills of tourism enterprise
specialists are of particular importance (Kapse, Patil,
Patil, 2012). Qualified personnel play an important role
in providing quality services in the industry.
The issue of providing qualified personnel in the
tourism sector is relevant for our country. This is due to
the dynamic development of this industry within the
country, which requires a large number of diverse
specialists. The tourism industry itself also facilitates
the employment of various categories of the
population without special education to engage in a
very wide range of areas of this activity, and
contributes to the filling of a large number of
employees with non-core education (Bitter, 2020).
Qualified specialists in the field of tourism must have a
set of specific digital competencies, functionally at all
stages of the provision of tourism services (Gupta,
Fernandes, Jain, 2018). This is a key factor in achieving
the desired results for tourism businesses and should
be the basis for the design of training and workforce
development programs.
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
THE AIM OF THE WORK
The purpose of the study is to create a model for the
formation of universal competencies of employees at
tourism enterprises.
MATERIALS AND METHODS OF RESEARCH
The study was carried out on the basis of content
analysis of scientific works and methods devoted to
the problems of forming and assessing universal
competencies in tourism enterprises.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Integrating nature-based solutions (NBS) into urban
green spaces is critical to addressing the challenges
facing Uzbekistan. Nature-based solutions use natural
and ecological processes to strengthen a system's
ability to deal with multiple, interconnected
challenges. Uzbekistan has the opportunity to enhance
its resilience to climate change, preserve biodiversity,
mitigate disaster risks, and promote sustainable urban
development by implementing nature-based solutions
(NBS). One effective NBS measure is the establishment
of green spaces, urban parks, and wildlife corridors.
These initiatives can provide numerous benefits such
as temperature regulation, carbon sequestration,
improved air quality, and enhanced habitat
connectivity for wildlife [17]. By integrating NBS
measures into urban planning and development
strategies, Uzbekistan can create healthier and more
sustainable
cities
while
addressing
pressing
environmental
challenges.
These
actions
are
consistent with the principles of the NBS, which
emphasize an equal reliance on social, environmental,
and economic pillars for holistic and sustainable
solutions. This study emphasizes the significance of
geography and advocates for the integration of
multidisciplinary approaches to prioritize and allocate
resources towards green spaces. By doing so, it aligns
with the concept of nature-based solutions and
underscores the importance of enhancing the well-
being and overall quality of life for urban residents not
only in Uzbekistan but also in other regions.
Considering the current context of climate change and
rapid urbanization, the significance of green spaces
and their integration into nature-based solutions
cannot be underestimated. The inclusion of urban
green spaces, designed and implemented in line with
nature-based solutions, plays a vital role in establishing
a sustainable and thriving urban environment.
Additionally, this study presents a pertinent historical
illustration of green spaces in Uzbekistan, emphasizing
the necessity to conserve and advance these areas in
the face of contemporary environmental challenges.
By underscoring the importance of geography and
geographers in formulating effective strategies and
solutions, this study seeks to inspire and guide
endeavors aimed at preserving and enhancing green
spaces alongside nature-based solutions [21],
ultimately benefiting urban residents in Uzbekistan
and beyond.
Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The interrelationship between geography and history
becomes clear when we analyze how geographic
features affect a particular place. In the context of
Uzbekistan, this study examines the gardens
attributed to Emperor Amir Timur (also known as
Tamerlane, 1336
–
1405) as a compelling historical
example of the link between historical geography and
urban green space. Emperor Timur, who was known
for his urban planning initiatives, placed great
emphasis on landscape architecture and territorial
expansion. The capital of his empire, Samarkand,
located in present-day Uzbekistan, serves as an
exceptional case study (Fig. 1). Emperor Timur believed
that the city's surroundings should reflect the power
and greatness of his empire. To achieve this, numerous
gardens were created in and around Samarkand, with
experienced experts in architecture and greenery
guiding the design. These gardens included both
rectangular and non-geometric types. The rectangular
gardens, located on the outskirts of the city, had
geometric patterns and were divided into four sections
by flowing ditches. These gardens served as
ceremonial spaces and entrances for important events
and contributed to the city's green belt while providing
access to natural spaces for residents and visitors. The
historical gardens of Emperor Amir Timur are a vivid
example of the relationship between place and spatial
planning in a geographical context [21].
Fig. 1. Location of Emperor Timur's Gardens in Samarkand.
Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Throughout history, the creation of green spaces has
been a symbol of the cultural, scientific, and
agricultural progress of civilizations. Emperor Timur's
gardens demonstrate the integration of these
elements and offer valuable insights into the spatiality
of gardens and their profound influence on urban
planning. In particular, the separation of residential
areas and green spaces in Amir Timur's gardens
illustrates the importance of coordinating green
spaces and housing in contemporary urban planning.
This aspect is crucial in addressing the challenges of
urban densification, where green spaces are often
compromised. Lessons from Amir Timur's gardens
highlight the need for effective management and
collaboration among experts to create thriving cities
and green spaces. Geography, with its focus on place
and time, plays a central role in understanding and
applying these principles. The study also suggests the
application of historical geography to current urban
and regional planning initiatives through the use of
geographic methods and analysis, such as Geographic
Information Systems. By studying historical change,
hypotheses can be formulated and applied in modern
contexts
to
improve
urban
well-being
and
sustainability. In addition to historical geography, there
are several theories of urban geography that play a role
in the context of Emperor Timur's gardens. One
relevant theoretical framework is the concept of an
urban green space network, which emphasizes the
interconnectedness and availability of green spaces
throughout a city. Timur's gardens exemplify the
creation of a green belt surrounding the city, ensuring
that residents have access to nature regardless of their
location. This approach aligns with urban spatial
structure theories that advocate for strategically
integrating green spaces to enhance the overall well-
being of urban dwellers. Another pertinent theory in
this context is "ecological urbanism", which highlights
the integration of nature and the urban environment
to foster sustainable and resilient cities. Emperor
Tamerlan's gardens show a harmonious relationship
between man-made structures, natural elements and
the preservation of flora and fauna. The conservation
and careful management of these gardens emdiv the
principles of ecological urbanism that can be applied in
contemporary urban planning to create greener and
more livable cities. In the broader context of Asia's
diverse human and physical geographies, this study of
Emperor Timur's gardens offers unique insights into
the historical development and spatial organization of
urban green spaces in Uzbekistan. It illuminates the
cultural, social, and ecological significance of gardens
in shaping the urban landscape.[21]
The historical context of gardens in Uzbekistan fits into
the broader Asian context in which green spaces have
played a central role in urban development, esthetics,
and cultural practices of various civilizations. The study
of “Timur's Gardens” is consistent with the
perspectives of urban geographers who emphasize the
importance of green spaces in improving the quality of
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Publisher:
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Servi
life in cities. Urban geographers recognize the
multifunctionality of green spaces in providing
recreational opportunities, improving air quality,
mitigating the urban heat island effect, promoting
biodiversity, and contributing to overall well-being. The
gardens of great emperor Tamerlane exemplify these
benefits and highlight the importance of integrating
green spaces into urban planning to promote
sustainable and vibrant cities. The historic gardens of
Emperor Timur (Tamerlane) in Uzbekistan serve as a
compelling lens through which we can analyze the
interplay between historical geography, urban green
spaces, and spatial planning. Valuable lessons can be
learned from these gardens that can also be applied to
the challenges of our time, such as the need for
effective management of green spaces in the midst of
urban densification. By drawing on historical
geography and relevant theories of urban geography,
we gain insights into the importance of green space
networks, ecological urbanism, and the cultural
significance of gardens. Applying geographic methods
and analysis to historical contexts facilitates the
formulation of hypotheses that can be applied to
modern urban and regional planning initiatives,
ultimately contributing to improved urban well-being
and sustainability.
There are such competencies as key and universal for
carrying out professional activities in various aspects.
These abilities are of paramount importance for
performing work activities in certain conditions.
The problem of the formation and development of
universal competencies is related to personnel training
at the educational level. For example, an employee
with a certain level of specialization may be influenced
by new requirements for professional skills under the
influence of scientific and technological progress and
production organization technologies (Moshkin, 2016).
Universal competencies are a significant tool for the
universalization of an employee, as well as readiness
for self-realization and self-development.
Here
are
some
interpretations
of
universal
competence in scientific works:
- a high degree of adaptation and mobility of a
specialist in solving constantly emerging professional
problems, based on the constant progress of abilities;
- the ability to implement theoretical knowledge when
performing practical professional tasks, based on
reflexive, analytical, situational thinking, which is
important for many types of work in the field of
tourism (Skulmovskaya, 2017).
It seems that universal competencies should be
understood as the ability of one employee to perform
several functions at a high level, which are delegated
to various tourism specialists, due to a combination of
skills, adaptation, and mobility.
There are many classifications of competence in both
the local and foreign education systems. Figure 1
contains a classification of personnel competencies in
the field of tourism from the works of different
authors.
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The formation of universal competencies for work in
the field of tourism should be carried out on a
systematic basis, starting from various levels of the
education system, and supplemented with current
practices integrated in the process of advanced
training and retraining. In the process of obtaining
higher or secondary specialized education, a graduate
in the field of tourism must have elements of
professional competence endowed with universal
features (Braganca, Costa, Castellucci, Arezes, 2019).
Fig. 2. Classification of personnel competencies in the field of tourism
Such skills include, first of all, analytical, forecasting,
information and communication, project forecasting
and support, necessary to perform most functions and
processes associated with making operational, tactical
or strategic decisions in various functional areas of the
tourism business.
Paying special attention to the professional training of
tourism personnel, it is necessary to ensure a synthesis
of scientific and theoretical knowledge with personal
qualities that characterize an individual’s inclination to
certain types of work activities and the success of
fulfilling professional duties (Gokalp, Demirors, Eren,
2020).
The analysis of the number of tourists in Uzbekistan in
2019-2022 shows a significant recovery dynamics,
although in 2022 this figure lags behind by 15%, the
number of rooms compared to 2019 from 26,147 to
33,411 , that is, an increase of 7,264 hotel rooms (21.7%).
Among the guests of Uzbekistan, in addition to local
tourists and citizens of the country, Russians - 23.4%,
Kazakhs - 18.9%, Tajiks - 14.4%, Turks - 7.7%. All foreigners
living in hotels: Kyrgyz - 6.3%, Belarusians - 4.6%,
Chinese - 3.2%, French - 1.7%.
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In the pre-pandemic period of 2019, there were 84,800
foreign citizens, the largest share of which was
Russians - 16.8 percent, Kazakhs - 15 percent, Tajiks - 6.3
percent, Chinese - 6.1 percent, Afghans
—
5.7 percent,
Turks
—
5.5 percent.
It is noted that the total number of domestic tourists in
the country increased from 8.8 million in 2016 to 14.7
million in 2019 and 15 million in 2021.
Over the past 4 years, 833 new: large, medium and
small hotels have been commissioned in Uzbekistan.
The total number of placement funds reached 1442.
The number of rooms was 33,400, and the number of
beds was 71,2.
The implementation of the proposed model in practice
in the region and other regions specializing in the
provision of tourism and recreational services will be
successful on the basis of network and cluster
interaction
between
universities,
specialized
enterprises of the tourism and recreational complex,
authorities, research centers and business incubators.
Such cooperation will improve the quality of project
work and exchange of experience, form a personnel
reserve based on predicted directions and scenarios
for the development of the tourism sector, and
effectively plan personnel development programs.
Fig.3. Infographics: Tourism development in Uzbekistan in 2017-2022
To develop universal competencies of tourism
personnel, it is proposed to use certain technologies
aimed at continuous development, as well as to
develop experience in organizational activities
(Bondar, 2011; Charlwood, 2021). One of the
foundations of the tourism sector is intercultural
communication, which is closely related to the
interaction between representatives of different
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peoples and cultures, thus it is proposed to model the
interaction process in order to determine the
productivity and unproductivity of communication
methods. The analytical abilities of tourism personnel
are also very important, as they are aimed at
systematizing information and making informed
decisions in their professional activities (Bai, 2017). It is
necessary to evaluate and adjust the developed
universal competencies of tourism personnel in order
to increase the efficiency of performing work duties.
One of the ways to assess universal competencies is
the expert assessment method; this method is
complex and difficult to carry out, but still provides the
most complete conclusions about the competencies of
employees (Pirogova, 2018; (Pirogova, 2018; Gonzalez,
Capman, Oswald, Theys , Tomczak, 2019).
The formation of universal competencies is an
important problem in the context of innovation and
scientific and technological progress of labor duties
not only in tourism enterprises. Since the qualifications
of a specialist are determined not only by educational
diplomas and personal qualities, but also by universal
competencies, which are of particular importance at
the level of support and service personnel in the field
of hospitality and service.
CONCLUSION
Currently, Uzbekistan is fully open for foreign tourists.
All restrictions on this have been removed. Positive
trends are observed in the rapid recovery of the
tourism sector in Uzbekistan, and the above figures
indicate that by the end of 2022, up to 4.5 million
foreign tourists entered country.
The problem of the formation and development of
universal competencies is related to personnel training
at the educational level. Universal competencies are a
significant tool for an employee’s high qualifications,
as well as readiness for self-realization and self-
development.
The
formation
of
universal
competencies for work in the field of tourism should
occur not only in educational activities, since it is
impossible to acquire and master universal
competencies only in the process of educational
activities. Based on the data obtained on the state of
tourism activity in the regions, it follows that the
number of hotels and similar accommodation facilities
has increased by 15% by 2021, and the need for qualified
personnel has increased accordingly.
The most effective model for the formation of
universal competencies of tourism personnel will be
implemented in the context of network interaction
with the involvement of interested business entities
and management of the tourism and recreational
complex. Practice-oriented experience, transformed
by specialists in the process of scientific and teaching
activities, conducting master classes and professional
tests with students studying in the areas of economics
and management in the field of tourism, will be useful.
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Volume 03 Issue 11-2023
24
International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental
(ISSN
–
2771-2257)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
11
P
AGES
:
13-24
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
5.
705
)
(2023:
7.
448
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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