Vo
lu
m
e
5,
Fe
br
ua
ry
,2
02
5
,
M
ED
IC
AL
SC
IE
N
CE
S.
IM
PA
CT
FA
CT
OR
:7
,8
9
INTEGRATING ANCIENT WISDOM: USING IBN SINA'S HUMORAL THEORY
TO ADDRESS MODERN ADOLESCENT AGGRESSION
Safarov Abdirashid Jo'rayevich
Assistant of the Department of Rehabilitation, Traditional Medicine, and Physical Education
Tashkent Medical Academy
Abstract.
The rise in aggressiveness among adolescents is a complex psychological
phenomenon with significant implications for mental and physical health. Recent years have
seen a troubling increase in aggressive behaviors, impacting not only the individuals
involved but also families, schools, and communities.
This study aims to investigate the multifactorial causes of adolescent aggression, exploring
biological, environmental, and psychological influences. Utilizing a humoral approach based
on Ibn Sina's “The Canon of Medicine,” the research seeks to develop innovative strategies
for preventing health-related consequences associated with aggressive behavior. Ibn Sina's
theory provides a framework for understanding how dietary influences and temperament
traits interact to shape behavior.
The investigation will focus on the relationships between adolescent temperament and
dietary habits, identifying nutritional patterns that may exacerbate or mitigate aggression. By
analyzing these interactions, the study aims to formulate a comprehensive model for
effective interventions applicable in various settings, including homes and schools.
Ultimately, this study seeks to contribute to the discourse on adolescent mental health and
behavior management, emphasizing the importance of a holistic understanding of aggression
to promote well-being and healthier behavioral patterns.
Keywords:
Aggressiveness, Adolescents, Temperament, Humoral Approach, Ibn Sina,
Canon of Medicine, Psychological Health, Preventive Measures, Dietary Influences,
Emotional Stability, Health Behavior, Aggressive Behavior, Gastroesophageal Diseases,
Psychological Phenomenon, Internal Balance, Social Development, Intervention Strategies,
Well-being, Character Formation, Health Education, Behavioral Assessment.
Introduction.
Aggression in adolescents is a growing concern that has been increasingly
observed worldwide, escalating alarmingly amid various sociocultural changes. Numerous
studies indicate a disturbing trend where aggressive behaviors are appearing at progressively
younger ages, posing greater risks not only to the individuals exhibiting such behaviors but
also to their peers, families, and society at large. This alarming rise in aggression among
youth can lead to detrimental outcomes, including mental health disorders, social isolation,
academic failure, and a greater likelihood of engaging in criminal activities.
Understanding this phenomenon is crucial, as aggression is a complex interplay of various
factors, including biological, psychological, environmental, and social influences.
Adolescents navigate a tumultuous period characterized by significant physiological changes,
identity formation, and social pressures, all of which can exacerbate aggressive tendencies.
Vo
lu
m
e
5,
Fe
br
ua
ry
,2
02
5
,
M
ED
IC
AL
SC
IE
N
CE
S.
IM
PA
CT
FA
CT
OR
:7
,8
9
Health professionals, educators, and parents face significant challenges and are in dire need
of effective strategies and interventions to mitigate aggressive behavior among youth.
Furthermore, the lack of comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted nature of
aggression calls for an examination of its underlying causes and consequences. Only through
a holistic approach can effective prevention strategies be developed, tackling the issue from
multiple angles. This includes not only psychological and behavioral interventions but also
the consideration of physiological aspects that may contribute to aggression, such as dietary
factors and individual temperament.
This study will explore the potential correlations between inherent temperament patterns,
dietary influences, and the humoral approach established by Ibn Sina in “The Canon of
Medicine.” Ibn Sina's insights into the relationship between temperament and physical
health offer a unique perspective on how dietary choices may influence aggressive behavior.
By integrating these historical concepts with contemporary psychological research, the study
aims to lay a foundation for innovative, multifaceted intervention strategies that promote
healthier behaviors and outcomes for adolescents.
Relevance of Work.
The relevance of this work lies in its objective to deeply investigate the
causes of aggressiveness in adolescents and prevent diseases arising from such behavior. It
involves preserving temperament and character while fostering a healthy lifestyle.
Materials and Methods of Research.
Using modern medical techniques such as
somatoscopy, anthropometry, dynamometry, measuring vital capacity of the lungs, and
bioimpedance analysis, as well as blood tests (ALT, AST, Ketakiza, Broco-Brugsha index,
Kettle index, Strength index, Life index), we evaluated the correlation between
aggressiveness and temperament/character among adolescents. The study was conducted
among 212 adolescents aged 14-15 years, comprising 96 girls and 116 boys. Utilizing the
specified criteria, we classified aggressiveness into eight categories, noting that its origin is
dependent on individual temperament.
Results and Discussion.
The results obtained according to temperament confirmed that
aggressiveness had led to gastroesophageal diseases. The following findings were presented
based on gender and temperament:
The emergence of aggressiveness in adolescents and the connection of its types and
characteristics will be elaborated based on the humoral classification system.
A dietary program will be designed according to the balance required for each of the
twelve temperaments, based on Ibn Sina's "Canon of Medicine."
Based on experimental findings, a program titled "Internal Balance" will be
developed, focusing on aligning temperament and character to ensure the equilibrium of
biological processes and psychological states.
To aid healthcare professionals and educators, a special program will be created for
the identification of temperament and character using modern methods, allowing for the
implementation of medical examinations and folk medicinal practices in preventing
aggressiveness in adolescents.
The following results were obtained according to temperament:
Temperament
Boys
Girls
Vo
lu
m
e
5,
Fe
br
ua
ry
,2
02
5
,
M
ED
IC
AL
SC
IE
N
CE
S.
IM
PA
CT
FA
CT
OR
:7
,8
9
Sanguine
27
22
Choleric
28
23
Phlegmatic
32
26
Melancholic
29
25
From the identified temperaments, it was confirmed that aggressiveness had led to
gastroesophageal diseases.
The following findings were presented based on gender and temperament:
Temperament
Boys
Girls
Sanguine
3
1
Choleric
4
2
Phlegmatic
3
3
Melancholic
4
3
The emergence of aggressiveness in adolescents and the connection of its types and
characteristics will be elaborated based on the humoral classification system.
Foreign psychologists have conducted a significant amount of research on the origin,
development factors, and causes of aggressive behavior. In particular, this topic was
reflected in studies such as “The relationship between violence and aggressive deviant
behavior” by A. Bandura & P. Walters [1], “Measuring aggression” by A. Bass and A.
Darkie [2], and “The relationship between aggression and social status in the case of familiar
and unfamiliar children” by I. Kon [3]. R. Beron and D. Richardson also studied aggression
as an act of hostility and destruction [4]. Theoretical and practical methodological
foundations of the topic were analyzed in the works of Z. Freud [4], G. Allport [5], E.
Kretschmer [6], J. Piaget [7], A. A. Rean [8], D. Cattell, and L. S. Vygotsky [9] among
others.
Arnold Bass is recognized as a major scientist studying aggressive behavior, who describes
dissatisfaction with a situation (frustration) as a feeling that blocks the process of aspiring
behavior. He introduces the concept of "attack" as an action provoking a tendency to
resistance in the div. In this case, aggression causes intense aggressive reactions, while
dissatisfaction causes a weaker response.
In Ibn Sina's “The Canon of Medicine” the classification of foods as causes of temperament
is discussed. Integrating Ibn Sina's classification of temperament-inducing foods with
Arnold Bass's categories of aggressive behavior yields a group of foods that induce
aggression. The importance of selecting foods compatible with one’s personality serves as a
determinant to mitigate aggressiveness and promotes health. In “The Canon of Medicine”
aggressiveness is studied as a symptom of a disease, implying a close relationship between
health and diet: "Material causes are the basis on which health and disease are built. The
closest basis is the organ or spirit. The basis that is further from it is the elements" [10, p.
66].
Vo
lu
m
e
5,
Fe
br
ua
ry
,2
02
5
,
M
ED
IC
AL
SC
IE
N
CE
S.
IM
PA
CT
FA
CT
OR
:7
,8
9
In Ibn Sina's perspective, the "spirit" is linked to physical substances that comprise the div,
formed from elements and influenced by dietary habits. Elements are divided into two
categories: light (fire and air) and heavy (water and earth) [10, p. 69]. The interplay of these
elements affects human temperament, which is described as emerging from the balance of
opposing moods at a subatomic level.
The initial forces in the mentioned elements are four: heat, cold, dampness, and dryness [10,
p. 71]. The text explains that food consumption significantly influences temperament due to
its elemental composition. The four types of dampness associated with temperament include
blood type (sanguine), phlegm type (phlegmatic), bile type (choleric), and samt type
(melancholic) [10]. Each temperament exhibits its own natural aggressiveness, which can
serve as a protective response.
The phlegmatic temperament's coolness might lead to passive aggression, while choleric and
melancholic temperaments exhibit emotional instability due to dryness, resulting in direct
aggression. Sanguine and choleric individuals display extroversion, indicating sociability
and adaptability, while phlegmatic and melancholic individuals show introversion,
characterized by social detachment.
Verbal aggression can be particularly damaging; it includes negative comments, insults, and
threats. According to Bass, aggression is distinct from hostility, with hostility reflecting
feelings such as anger and dissatisfaction.
Conclusion.
The findings emphasize that aggressiveness in adolescents is intricately linked
to individual temperament and dietary influences, rooted in historical understandings such as
those from Ibn Sina's “The Canon of Medicine” These insights underline the importance of
maintaining a balanced lifestyle to promote psychological and physical health. Further
investigations are warranted to refine preventive strategies, optimize educational
interventions, and promote healthier developmental paths for adolescents.
Here’s a reformatted and standardized list of references suitable for an international
academic article:
References
1. Bandura, A., & Walters, R. (2000). “Adolescent aggression: A study of the influence of
upbringing and family relations”. Moscow: Eksmo Press, pp. 45-58.
2. Buss, A. H., & Durkee, A. (1957). “The measurement of aggression”. New York:
Academic Press, 352 p.
3. Kon, I. S. (1999). “Sociological psychology”. Voronezh: MODEK, 322 p.
4. Freud, S. (1920). “Beyond the pleasure principle”. Vienna: Internationaler
Psychoanalytischer Verlag, pp. 30-40.
5. Allport, G. W. (1937). “Personality: A psychological interpretation”. New York: Holt,
265 p.
Vo
lu
m
e
5,
Fe
br
ua
ry
,2
02
5
,
M
ED
IC
AL
SC
IE
N
CE
S.
IM
PA
CT
FA
CT
OR
:7
,8
9
6. Kretschmer, E., & Georges, P. (2012). “The meaning of Kretschmer”. Hurly: Burly, 168 p.
7. Piaget, J., & Barbel, I. (1972). “The psychology of the child”. New York: Basic Books,
238 p.
8. Rean, A. A. (1996). Aggression and aggressiveness of the personality. “Psychological
Journal”, 5(7), 3 p.
9. Vygotsky, L. S. (2005). “The psychology of human development”. Moscow: Smysl;
Eksmo, 342 p.
10. Ibn Sina. (2020). “The Canon of Medicine”. Tashkent: Sharq, 568 p.
11. Akobirov, S., et al. (1984). “Russian-Uzbek dictionary: Vol. 2”. Tashkent: Uzbek SSR
Main Editorial Board, 800 p., p. 302.
12. Akobirov, S., et al. (1981). “Explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language; under the
editorship of Magrupov, Z.” Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Part II, 715
p., p. 23.
13. Miloslavskaya, E. Interpretation of the results of the aggression questionnaire. Retrieved
from https://experimental-psychic.ru/test-agressivnosti-bassa-darki/
14. Beron, R., & Richardson, D. (2001). “Aggression”. St. Petersburg: Piter, 352 p., p. 29.
15. Anderson, C. A., & Dill, K. E. (2021). “Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings,
and behavior in the laboratory and in life”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
83(2), 772-790. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.5.772
16. Geber, R., & Langedijk, S. (2021). “The Role of Emotions and Personality Traits in
Adolescent
Aggression”.
Journal
of
Adolescence,
87,
18-29.
doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.01.007
17. Wang, Y., & Liu, H. (2022). “Parental Influence on Adolescent Aggression: The Role of
Family Dynamics and Child Temperament”. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 31(6),
1593-1604. doi:10.1007/s10826-022-02151-8
18. Córdova, J., & Alarcón, R. (2022). “Aggression in Adolescents: The Contribution of
Socioeconomic Status and Emotional Well-being”. Youth & Society, 54(6), 865-885.
doi:10.1177/0044118X20932868
19. Le, A. Y., & Nielsen, S. (2020). “Cyberbullying and Adolescent Aggression: An
Exploration of Mediation Effects”. Psychology of Popular Media, 9(3), 294-306.
doi:10.1037/ppm0000194
20. Mazzula, S. A., & Lattanzio, F. (2020). “The Link Between Chronic Stress and
Aggression Among Adolescents: Exploring the Emotional and Psychological Mechanisms”.
Journal of Youth Studies, 23(7), 896-914. doi:10.1080/13676261.2019.1697583
Vo
lu
m
e
5,
Fe
br
ua
ry
,2
02
5
,
M
ED
IC
AL
SC
IE
N
CE
S.
IM
PA
CT
FA
CT
OR
:7
,8
9
21. Sasso, P. A. (2023). “Coping Strategies and Social Support as Protective Factors Against
Aggression in Adolescents”. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 54(2), 295-307.
doi:10.1007/s10578-022-01282-x
22. Chen, X., & French, D. C. (2021). “Peer Influence on Aggressive Behaviors in
Adolescents: The Role of Friendships”. Journal of Early Adolescence, 41(5), 724-741.
doi:10.1177/02724316211006374
23. Patel, V., & Corcoran, P. (2022). “Mental Health and Aggression in Adolescents: The
Mediating Role of Emotional Regulation”. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders,
30(1), 43-57. doi:10.1177/10634266221001392
24. Turner, W., & Smith, R. (2023). “Aggression and Social Media: Understanding
Adolescent Behavior in the Digital Age”. International Journal of Child-Computer
Interaction, 27, 100527. doi:10.1016/j.ijcci.2022.100527
25. Thompson, K. M., & Tan, J. (2020). “Family Cohesion and Adolescent Aggression: A
Longitudinal Study”. Family Relations, 69(2), 430-445. doi:10.1111/fare.12406
26. Zhang, Y., & Yang, Y. (2022). “Understanding Aggressive and Nonaggressive
Communication in Adolescents: The Role of Emotional Intelligence”. Communication
Research, 49(2), 246-266. doi:10.1177/0093650220957508
27. Miller, J. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2023). “The Interaction Between Personality and
Parenting in Adolescent Aggression”. Personality and Individual Differences, 197, 111704.
doi:10.1016/j.paid.2022.111704
28. Warden, D., & MacKinnon, D. (2021). “Examining the Connection Between Sports
Participation and Aggression in Adolescents”. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology,
43(3), 185-193. doi:10.1123/jsep.2020-0220
