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UDC 616-079.3:617.753.2
MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EYEBALL IN PATIENTS
WITH DIFFERENT DEGREES OF MYOPIA AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON
VISUAL FUNCTIONS
Ikramov D.A, Buzrukov B.T.
Andijansky State Medical Institute
Abstract.
View The incidence of myopia in different regions of Uzbekistan in the structure
of organ diseases ranges from 20 to 45.7 %. It is known that 22% of the visually impaired
are young people, and the main cause of disability is high-grade myopia [ 10 ] . Both in our
country and abroad , high - grade myopia in adolescents and "young adults " is often
combined with pathology of the retina and optic nerve , which complicates the prognosis
and course of the pathological process [10]. The medical and social significance of the
problem is complex myopia It is further exacerbated by the impact on people of working age.
Key words:
myopia , emmetropia , macula
pigment optician density of the eye
front-back axis , morphometric parameters , carotenoids , heterochromatic flashing
photometry , retina optician coherent tomography .
The development of myopia can lead to serious irreversible changes in the eye and
significant loss of vision [7]. Among adults with visual impairment due to myopia, 56%
have congenital myopia, including school-age children [7]. The results of extensive
epidemiological studies have shown that myopia is a multifactorial disease. Understanding
the pathogenetic mechanisms of visual impairment in myopia remains one of the urgent
issues in ophthalmology. Morphological features of the sclera play an important role in the
process of myopia . They are especially important in the pathogenesis of eyeball elongation.
Dystrophic changes occur in the sclera of people with high myopia [6]. It has been found
that the expansion and deformation of the sclera of the eyes of adults with high myopia are
significantly greater than in emmetropia , especially in the posterior pole [20]. The increase
in the length of the eyeball in myopia is currently considered a consequence of metabolic
diseases of the sclera, changes in hemodynamics [6]. The elastic properties of the sclera and
changes in the length of the anterior-posterior axis have long interested scientists. The
evolution of the study of the anatomical parameters of the eyeball is reflected in the works of
many authors. According to EJ Tron, the length of the emmetropic eyeball varies from 22.42
27,30 ммto 22.42. E. J. Tron gives the following information about the variability of the
length of the eyeball in myopia from 0.5 to 22.0 D: the length of the eyeball in myopia is
0.5–6.0 D – from 22.19 to 22.19 28.11 мм; myopia 6.0–22.0 D -28.11 38.18 ммto.
According to T. I. Eroshevsky and A. A. Bochkareva, the biometric parameters of the 24.00
ммsagittal axis of a normal eyeball are average [4]. As mentioned above, with myopia ,
dystrophic changes occur in the retina , which, presumably , are caused by impaired blood
flow in the choroidal and peripapillary arteries, as well as its mechanical stretching [2]. Thus,
the longer the length of the eyeball , the greater the "growth" of the membranes of the
eyeball and the lower the density of the tissues: sclera, choroid, retina . As a result of these
changes, the number of cellular substances in the tissue cells also decreases: for example,
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retinal pigment The epithelial layer becomes thinner, the concentration of active compounds,
possibly carotenoids, decreases in the macular region .
Purpose:
Evaluation of the morphofunctional parameters of the visual analyzer
in
patients with myopia as the length of the anterior-posterior axis of the eye (O OO' )
increases
.
Materials and methods
: 45 patients ( 90 eyes) participated in the study . All patients in the
study were divided into 4 groups according to the length of the anterior-posterior axis of the
eyeball (O OO' ). The first group is light mi o pi ya and OOO' patients with length from
25,08 мм23, 96 were selected ; the second one is the average level mi o pi ya and OOO'
patients with a length of 25.0 to 26,07 мм9 - patients with a high degree of third myopia ,
OOO' length 26,65 ммabove; the fourth - patients with refraction close to emmetropia and
(O OO ) length up to 22.2 23,8 мм. In addition to all clinical examinations according to
ophthalmological standards , diagnostic measures were performed: echo obiometry, digital
fundus photography, optical coherence tomography of the anterior and posterior segments of
the eyeball , and examination of the fundus through a goniolense .
Results:
Mean age of B emors They were 25.3 and 13.9 years old . Tested patients'
indicators and results in statistical processing OOO' prolongation and in some cases
reduction of OOO' was observed in some patients. Higher visual acuity (p=0.01), macular
sensitivity (p=0.008), mean macular retinal thickness (p=0.01), mean macular x oroid
thickness in nasal and temporal in parts (p=0.005; p=0.03 ) . In addition, a significant
statistically significant inverse correlation was found between OOO' and Maximum
Corrected Visual Acuity (MK KO' ) -0.4 in all subject groups; also, the thickness of the
retina in the macula is -0.6; the thickness of the choroid in the macula is -0.5 and the
sensitivity in the macula is -0.6; (p<0.05).
Conclusion:
A detailed analysis of the average values obtained as a result of the conducted
examinations revealed a general tendency to a decrease in the morphofunctional parameters
of the eyeball with an increase in the OOP in the groups. The obtained correlation data of the
conducted clinical trial indicate a close relationship between the morphometric and
functional parameters of the visual analyzer. It is assumed that these changes are also
associated with the "mechanical overstretching" of the membranes in patients with myopia
due to the increase in the OOP. In separate groups, a decrease in the optical thickness of the
macular pigment (OPT) is confirmed, as well as the presence of negative feedback between
(OPT) and OOP.
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