Philosophy

Annotatsiya. O’z davrining yirik olimi sifatida Abdurauf bitrat ilmiy risola va maqolalaridagi adabiy tur va janrlar, ularning ilmiy-nazariy qoidalari va amaliy tat big’ i tadqiqiga oid tahlillar adabiyot nazariyasiga oid tadqiqotlar uchun muhim ahamiyatga ega. Maqolada olimning bu boradagi ilmiy qarashlari tadqiq etiladi. 

Abdurauf Fitrat zamonasining yirik olimi sifatida adabiyotshunoslikning barcha yo‘nalishlarida izlanishilar olib borgan. Fitrat matnshunos, manbashunos, tilshunos, lug‘atshunos, adabiyotshunos, nazariyotchi sifatida bir qancha ilmiy risola va maqolalar yaratdiki, bu ilmiy merosda aks etgan ilmiy xulosalarning aksariyati bugungi kun tadqiqotlari uchun asos vazifasini o‘tamoqda. Garchi oradan bir qancha vaqt o‘tgan bo‘lsa-da, olim tomonidan olib borilgan tadqiqotlar hali hanuz o‘z ilmiy ahamiyatini yo‘qotgan emas.

Abdurauf Fitrat garchi adabiyotshunoslikka oid qarashlarini maxsus tadqiqot yoki maqola shaklida yozmagan bo‘lsa-da, olimning bu boradagi ilmiy xulosalari adabiyot tarixida yashab, ijod etgan shoirlar ijodiyoti tahliliga bag‘ishlangan ilmiy maqolalarida, ularning manbalari va matniy tadqiqiga bag‘ishlangan ilmiy risola, majmualarida o‘z aksini topgan. Aslida Fitratning har bir yo‘nalishdagi ilmiy tadqiqotlari alohida tadqiqot uchun  material bo‘la oladi. Fitratning tahrir va tahlil uslubi alohida tadqiqqa muhtoj. Olimning matnshunoslik va manbashunoslikdagi xizmatlari beqiyos, ularni bir butunlikda taqdim qilish adabiyotshunosligimiz oldidagi asosiy vazifalardan biridir.

Biz ushbu monografiyada Fitratning adabiyotshunoslikka oid qarashlarini tadqiq etishga imkon qadar harakat qildik, natijada bu boradagi izlanishimiz tugal bo‘la olmasligini angladik, tadqiq jarayonida olimning yangidan yangi tadqiqotlariga duch keldik. Bu esa adabiyotshunoslikda hali qilinajak vazifalar ko‘pligini ko‘rsatadi. Ushbu monografiyada Abdurauf Fitratning adabiyotshunoslikka oid qarashlari quyidagi yo‘nalishlar asosida taqdim qilindi:

• Olimning davrlashtirishga oid qarashlari;


• aruzshunos sifatidagi faoliyati;


• Fitratning manba bilan ishlash tamoyili;


• olimning lug‘atshunos  sifatidagi faoliyati;


• adabiy tur va janrlarga oid munosabati ;


• badiiy asar uslubi masalasi;


• qofiyaga oid qarashlari;


• milliy she’r tizimi, tahlil, talqinlar;


• adabiy oqimlar borasidagiilmiy xulosalari;


• badiiyat masalasi;


• Fitrat tadqiotlarida xalq og‘zaki ijodi;


• qadimgi davr manbalari;


• Fitratning tasniflash tamoyili(“Eng eski turk adabiyoti namunalari” majmuasi asosida).

Umid qilamizki, qo‘lingizdagi monografiya Abdurauf Fitratning ilm yo‘lidagi, adabiyotshunoslik sohasidagi tadqiqotlari bilan tanishtirishga yordam beradi.

This article examines the significance, development and role of fiqh rules in the system of Islamic law, as well as their place in regulating legal relations. The works of outstanding legal scholars who substantiated and systematized fiqh rules are examined. The significance of customary law in fiqh rules is considered, and a comparative analysis offiqh rules with modern procedural legislation is conducted.

In this article, it was explained about the sale and purchase of rights in Islamic Sharia and the permissibility of considering them as material goods that can be exchanged in some Sharia in Islamic low. The concept of law in Islam, its types, today's types of law, their consideration in Islamic law and the opinions of scholars in this regard were analyzed.

The article examines the problems of the important process of dialogue of cultures, through the use of rich material from the Holy Scriptures of mankind and the Koran, in particular, in explaining modern specific problems of literary interaction. Revealing the essence of the cultural and iconic text contained in the Koran as the quintessence of eternal spiritual values, phenomenally combining Islamic spirituality and universal ideals, helps to determine the universal value coordinates of humanity and affirm the importance and necessity of analyzing this

Subject of research: system of family relations, culture of family relations based on Islamic and National values, process of spiritual grousing of person in family.
Purpose of work: scientific-philosophical analyses of genesis, evolution and nowadays Culture of family relations in Islamic studying on the aspect of spiritual grousing, giving methodological recommendations and practice offers to grow spiritual level of society and person in Culture of family.
Methods of research: scientific methods such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, historical and logical are used, the methods of dialectics, synergetic, hermeneutics.
The results obtained and their novelty: family institution, culture of family relations have been studied threw Religious Philosophy, role and importance of family on process of spiritual grousing of person and society on Islamic context have been studied, new methodological recommendations have been achieved.
Practical value: research results have practical importance on growing up the effect of spiritual-educational work with using Islamic moral value integrated in paint art, on ideological work against fundamentalism, religious extremism, immoral recidivism.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: research results make opportunity using the integration processes between religious and (paint) art on the spiritual grousing of person more while, can be used on propaganda of religious and national values, were used on preparing of new study courses and program.
Field of application: research materials can be used in the process of educational system in preparing lectures, training-aids and programs on the subjects of "Philosophy of Religious", "Spiritual studies" "Religion", "National Idea" and other courses.

Этнические группы в славянском мире характеризуется динамичностью и мозаичностью. Исследователи находятся в научном поиске и при этом должны учитывать константы, связанные с историей этносов входящих в славянском мире и результатами его жизнедеятельности. Автор анализирует культурные истоки славян, славянскую культуру, мифологию и язык на основе концепции В. С. Мухиной о реалиях внешнего мира как условия развития и бытия личности: 1 – предметного мира, 2 – природного мира, 3 – реалий образно-знаковых систем и 4 – реалий социально-нормативного пространства.

The article reveals the essence and content of the image of the state and the features of its construction. It is known that a positive image of any state is an important component for pursuing successful policies at the international level. Therefore, many states pay special, even strategic attention to its application. Thus, the image of a state ensures its attractiveness and trust in it from the world community, as a key component of the “soft power” of a given state in the world. Today, within the framework of various sciences, special aspects of the image of states are being studied and investigated, but there is still no unified approach to defining this concept.

Subjects of research: Life of Burhan ad-din Mahmud al-Bukhari and rich scientific inheritance, and also sections of the books “shurut” and “al-Mahadir va-s-sijillat and his work “al-Muhit”.
Purpose of work: The research of creative activity of Burhan ad-din Mahmud al-Bukhari and conditions of documents of Mawarannahr kadies court in XI-XIII centuries and also studying theoretical and practical foundations of making such documents with the point of view “Source introduction” in example of “al-Muhit”.
Methods of research: Historically-analytical and comparatively-analytical.
The results obtained and their novelty: This dissertation is the first research, where is given information about scientific inheritance of Burhan ad-din Mahmud al-Bukhari, activity of family Ali Moza in Bukhara and also on the base of work “al-Muhit” history and order of writing documents of Kadies in Mawarannahr arc investigated. Moreover, there is given comparing analysis of writing copies of “al-Muhit” which have still not researched and have been kept in manuscript fund Republic of Uzbekistan, in the libraries al-Azhar, Sulaymoniya.
Practical value: In the research arc used scientific appeals of little studied works of Burhan ad-din Mahmud al-Bukhari. It is proved that in XI-XII centuries much experience about law basis in social relations was collected in kadic’s institutions. Lean against this information the history of our country Uzbekistan was fulfilled with new information.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: 12 scientific articles about topic of this dissertation were published, reports were made in two national and five international scientific conferences. In academic year 2007-2008 materials of dissertation were used in reading the course of history of Central Asian nations to the students of Oriental department in University of Freiburg in Germany and Tashkent State institute of Oriental studies, Tashkent Islamic University.
Field of application: Materials of research can be used as additional source to teach courses as “Source studies”, “Islamic studies”, “Thinkers of Central Asia”, “History of Islamic law” and as a source intending research in history of Islam and Islamic law.

Ushbu maqola IX-X asrlarda yashab o‘tgan yetuk mutafakkir Abu Nasr Forobiyning Mantiq ilmi rivojiga qo‘shgan o‘ziga xos hissasi, uning Mantiq ilmiga oid asarlari va qisqacha mantiqiy qarashlari haqida bo‘lib, maqolada mutafakkirning falsafiy qarashlaridan ba’zi namunalar ham keltirilgan.

Мавзунинг долзарблиги ва зарурати. Жаҳон адабиётшунослиги, хусусан, мумтоз шарқ адабиётшунослиги, унинг назарий асослари тадқиқи мумтоз матнлар ва уларнинг бадиий-поэтик таҳлилини амалга оширишда муҳим аҳамиятга эга. Шу боис мумтоз адабиётда шеъриятнинг етакчилигини, шеършунослик тарихи, вазн, қофия, шеърий нутқ, шеърнинг назарий асослари, шеърий санъатлар, шеърий шакллар каби масалалар ва уларнинг ўзига хослигини белгилаш муҳим вазифалардан бири бўлиб келмоқда.

Дунё адабиётида, шу жиҳатдан “илми адаб”,  кейинчалик “илми сегона”нинг таркибий қисмларидан бири бўлган мумтоз қофия илми назарияси, қофиянинг асосий унсурлари, таркибий қисми, қофия ҳарф ва ҳаракатлари, қофиядаги нуқсонлар, қофия турларининг назарий асослари арабий, форсий ва туркий рисолалар тадқиқи асосида ягона назарий категорияларини тақдим қилиш, жаҳон, хусусан, туркий қофия илмининг ўрганилиши долзарб масалалардан бирига айланмоқда.

Ўзбекистонда мамлакат стратегик ривожининг бош омиллари белгиланар экан, “Мана шу стратегияга мувофиқ, барча соҳа ва тармоқлар қатори маданият ва санъат, адабиёт, оммавий ахборот воситалари равнақини янги босқичга кўтаришни биз ўз олдимизга мақсад қилиб қўйганмиз... Аввало, халқимизнинг яратувчилик даҳоси билан бунёд этилган ноёб меросини ҳар томонлама чуқур ўрганиш, юртимиздан етишиб чиққан буюк аллома ва мутафаккирларнинг ҳаёти ва илмий-ижодий фаолияти ҳақида яхлит тасаввур уйғотиш, ёш авлодни гуманистик ғоялар, миллий ғурур ва ифтихор руҳида тарбиялашдек эзгу мақсадлар кўзда тутилган”[1]. Темурийлар даврида қофия илми назарий таълимот сифатида ўзининг юксак чўққисига кўтарилди. Ушбу давр вакилларидан Шайх Аҳмад Тарозий, Абдураҳмон Жомий, Алишер Навоий, Фахрий Исфаҳоний, Ҳусайн Воиз Кошифий, Атоуллоҳ Ҳусайний каби ижодкорларнинг асарлари қофиянинг назарий асослари чуқур ва муфассал ёритилгани билан алоҳида аҳамиятга эга. Мазкур асарлар ҳақида ўзбек адабиётшунослигида сўнгги йилларда баъзи мақола ва тадқиқотлар яратилган бўлса-да, уларнинг ўзаро қиёсий таҳлили фундаментал тарзда ва қофиянинг унсурлари сатҳида махсус ўрганилмаган эди. Темурийлар даврига оид қофия рисолаларини ўзаро қиёсий тадқиқ қилиш адабиётшуносликнинг долзарб масалаларидандир.

Ўзбекистон Республикаси Президентининг 2016 йил 13 майдаги ПФ-4797-сон “Алишер Навоий номидаги Тошкент давлат ўзбек тили ва адабиёти университетини ташкил этиш тўғрисида”, 2017 йил 7 февралдаги ПФ-4947-сон “Ўзбекистон Республикасини янада ривожлантириш бўйича Ҳаракатлар стратегияси тўғрисида”, 2017 йил 20 апрелдаги ПҚ-2909-сон “Олий таълим тизимини янада ривожлантириш чора-тадбирлари тўғрисида”ги Фармонлари, 2017 йил 24 майдаги ПҚ-2995-сон “Қадимий ёзма манбаларни сақлаш, тадқиқ ва тарғиб қилиш тизимини янада такомиллаштириш чора-тадбирлари тўғрисида”, 2019 йил 21 октябрдаги ПФ-5850-сон “Ўзбек тилининг давлат тили сифатидаги нуфузи ва мавқеини тубдан ошириш чора-тадбирлари тўғрисида”ги Қарорлари ҳамда бошқа меъёрий-ҳуқуқий ҳужжатларда белгиланган вазифаларни амалга оширишда ушбу диссертaция муайян даражада хизмат қилади.

 

The study of world literature, in particular, classical Eastern literature, its theoretical foundations, is important in the implementation of classical texts and their artistic and poetic analysis. Therefore, determining the leadership of poetry in classical literature, the history of poetry, meter, rhyme, poetic speech, theoretical foundations of poetry, poetic arts, poetic forms and their uniqueness is one of the important tasks.

In the literature studies of the world, in this respect, the theory of classic rhyme science, which is one of the components of “ilmi adab” and later “ilmi segona”, the main elements and components of rhyme, rhyme letters and movements, defects in rhyme, theoretical foundations of rhyme types, Arabic, Persian and Turkic treatises presenting single theoretical categories on the basis of research, the study of world, especially Turkic rhyme science is becoming one of the urgent issues.

While determining the main factors of the country’s strategic development in Uzbekistan, “In accordance with this strategy, we have set ourselves the goal of raising the development of culture and art, literature, mass media to a new level along with all sectors and spheres… Above all, the noble aims of studying the unique heritage, created by the creative genius of our people, creating a holistic vision on life and scientific-creative activity of great scientists and thinkers, whose origin was from the territory of our country, and educating the young generation in the spirit of humanistic ideas and national pride”[1].  During the Timurid era, the science of rhyme reached its highest level as a theoretical teaching. Among the representatives of this period, the works of creators such as Sheikh Ahmad Tarozi, Abdurrahman Jami, Alisher Navoi, Fakhriy Isfahani, Husain Vaiz Koshifi, Atoullah Husayni are of special importance because they are deeply and comprehensively explained the theoretical foundations of rhyme. Although some articles and studies have been written about these works in Uzbek literary studies in recent years, their mutual comparative analysis has not been studied in a fundamental way and at the level of elements of rhyme. The comparative study of rhyme treatises of the Timurid era is one of the urgent issues of literary studies.