International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
51
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijmscr
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue05 2025
PAGE NO.
51-55
10.37547/ijmscr/Volume05Issue05-11
The Effectiveness of Improving Endurance Through A
Training Program Adapted to The Body Somatotypes Of
17
–
18-Year-Old Students Studying in Different Higher
Education Specialties
Azimova Sayyohat Bobomurodovna
Teacher at the Department of Taekwondo and Sports Activities, Faculty of Taekwondo and Sports Activities, National University of
Uzbekistan
Received:
23 March 2025;
Accepted:
19 April 2025;
Published:
21 May 2025
Abstract:
This study is aimed at developing and evaluating a special training program based on individual
somatotypes to improve the endurance of 17
–
18-year-old university students engaged in combat sports. A total
of 90 male students were divided into three groups according to div types: ectomorph, mesomorph, and
endomorph. Each group participated in adapted endurance training sessions focused on combat sports over a 10-
week period. Pre- and post-study endurance levels were assessed using the Cooper 12-minute run test and heart
rate recovery analysis. The results demonstrated statistically significant improvements in endurance across all
groups (p < 0.05), with mesomorphic students showing the highest rate of progress. The findings suggest that
endurance training tailored to div composition is more effective in enhancing athletic performance than
generalized programs. This study highlights the importance of individualized physical training in fostering youth
participation in sports.
Keywords:
Endurance, combat sports, somatotype, training program, university students, physical fitness, sports
pedagogy.
Introduction:
In modern sports education, organizing
training processes based on students' individual
physical characteristics plays a crucial role. The ages of
17
–
18 represent a period of rapid growth in humans,
characterized by the active development of muscle
strength, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. At
this age, key physical performance indicators can be
improved directly through scientifically grounded and
health-oriented training programs.
Athletes are typically classified by div type into
somatotypes such as ectomorph, mesomorph, and
endomorph. Each somatotype responds differently to
physical loads, and the corresponding exercises should
reflect these distinctions. Combat sports
—
such as
boxing, judo, and taekwondo
—
require a harmonious
combination of endurance, speed, strength, and
coordination. The increasing popularity of these
disciplines among students is noteworthy, not only for
their physical benefits but also for their positive effects
on immunity.
However, the development and implementation of
customized training programs for university students,
and their subsequent evaluation, remain an important
scientific and practical task.
The aim of this study is to develop a specialized training
program adapted to the somatotypes of 17
–
18-year-
old students, focusing on combat sports, and to
evaluate its effectiveness in improving performance
outcomes.
Objective of the study: To develop and assess the
effectiveness of a special physical training program
designed according to the somatotype of 17
–
18-year-
old university students engaged in combat sports to
enhance endurance.
Tasks of the study:
•
To analyze literature related to the research
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
52
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijmscr
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research (ISSN: 2771-2265)
topic;
•
To develop a special training program for
combat sports adapted to each somatotype;
•
To divide 17
–
18-year-old university students
into ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph groups
based on div composition;
•
To analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of
the program by comparing pre- and post-experiment
results.
Literature Review. An analysis of sports pedagogy and
physical training literature shows the effectiveness of
physical exercises. Multiple scientific works suggest
that exercise programs tailored to div composition
(somatotype) can enhance performance.
S.A. Qodirov (2017), in his study, emphasized the
connection between div type and the effectiveness of
training programs. He noted that workouts considering
somatotype led to better results. According to his
findings, ectomorphic athletes benefit from prolonged
high-intensity workouts, mesomorphs from strength-
speed combinations, and endomorphs from short-
duration, high-intensity exercises.
D.S. Ponomarev (2015) studied the implementation of
somatotype-based training equipment and concluded
that programs tailored to somatotype showed
significantly better results than general programs. He
stressed the need to consider div composition,
particularly in sports like boxing and judo.
A.A. Abdurakhov (2018) developed a study on physical
fitness programs adapted to young athletes'
somatotypes, which proved to be more effective. The
study explored the unique connections between
combat sports and specific div parts.
R.M. Ismailov (2016) demonstrated in his research that
the development of special training programs tailored
to div composition and sport type helps improve
athletes' physical qualities. He emphasized not only the
need to prepare athletes physically but also
strategically, with exercises appropriate for each
somatotype.
Foreign literature also extensively studies the
relationship between div structure and athletic
training. T.L. Allen (2014), in his research, indicated that
training programs adapted to somatotype and
involving low-intensity physical exercises can increase
support and strength in athletes. His study emphasized
optimizing tools for ectomorph, mesomorph, and
endomorph athletes. According to Allen, ectomorphs
benefit
from
high-temperature,
low-intensity
exercises, while mesomorphs should engage in
strength and speed-integrated workouts.
According to A.S. Tomas and R.K. Johnson (2016), the
most effective results were achieved through training
programs implemented in a systematic manner
according to div composition. Their research
explored the influence of somatotype on training
outcomes. The study demonstrated that enhancing
training programs and applying high-intensity, short-
duration exercises were more effective for
endomorphic athletes, while ectomorphic athletes
showed better performance when subjected to
specifically tailored loads. Their findings confirmed that
implementing exercises in systemic alignment with
div structure and sport type ensures optimal physical
condition.
In L.M. Santos’s (2018) academic study, a correct
approach to training was analyzed in relation to the
interaction
between
div
composition
and
educational programs, particularly in the context of
physical development. The research showed that
individualized
physical
preparation
based
on
somatotype and the development of specialized
exercises for each type resulted in significantly
improved physical performance among athletes.
J.M. Baker (2017) developed training programs for
combat sports that were adapted to div types.
According to Baker’s findings, in order to improve
recovery performance in combat athletes, muscle
systems need to receive direct power stimulation. His
research proved that designing programs specific to
each somatotype maximizes athletes’ physical
capabilities and performance potential.
R.L. Wilkins (2019), in his research, studied the
effectiveness of physical preparedness in athletes
based on somatotype-specific exercises. Wilkins
emphasized the importance of developing diverse
strategies depending on somatotype, arguing that each
athlete’s training should be adapted to their div type,
as this directly contributes to improved physical
performance indicators.
Thus, in foreign literature, the significance of
individualized structuring in improving athletes’
physical qualities based on div composition is widely
discussed. Training programs tailored to somatotypes
are seen as critical for advancing performance in
combat sports. It is essential to design training plans
that account for the unique characteristics of each
somatotype and include specific exercises adapted
accordingly.
To fulfill the research objectives, the following methods
were used:
•
Theoretical analysis and synthesis methods
(study and review of scientific-methodological
literature, surveys, and interviews with instructors);
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
53
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijmscr
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research (ISSN: 2771-2265)
•
Pedagogical
observation
of
educators'
instructional activities and physical training sessions;
•
Pedagogical testing methods, including control
tests to determine the development level of physical
qualities and specialized endurance assessment tests;
•
Pedagogical monitoring and analysis methods;
•
Mathematical statistical methods;
•
Pedagogical and psychological methods,
including subjective evaluation techniques.
Analysis and results:
Endurance is the human div's ability to withstand
prolonged physical and mental exertion, resist fatigue,
and accelerate the recovery process. It is a critical
factor for athletic performance, daily life quality, and
overall health. These considerations highlight the need
to develop a new, specialized system of exercises
aimed at increasing endurance.
Somatotype-based grouping of participants:
Of the 90 university students participating in the study,
30 had an ectomorphic div type, 30 were
mesomorphic, and 30 were endomorphic. A specific
training program was developed for each group.
Distinct differences in physical appearance and
strength capacity were observed among the groups,
depending on div composition.
Training complex to enhance endurance in university
students:
We developed a weekly training program tailored to
each somatotype. The program is structured as a 6-
week cycle, with training sessions held three times per
week. Each session lasts between 60 and 80 minutes.
Day
Type of training:
Details:
1.
Circuit training + running
6 exercises (20 seconds
each), 3 circuits, 1 km
run (interval)
2.
Hurdle running + static exercises
6 hurdles, 3 static
exercises
3.
Interval running
4 × 400 m running (at
90% effort) with 2-
minute walking intervals
Training program for the mesomorph type (athletic,
gains muscle easily, strong build)
Goal
: To improve overall endurance and strengthen
functional stamina based on the level of endurance.
Day
Type of training
Details
1.
High-Intensity Interval
Training (HIIT)
30 seconds work + 30 seconds rest, 6
sets (burpees, squat jumps, mountain
climbers)
2.
Continuous running
20–30 minutes
3.
Combined exercises
At 65–75% of maximum heart rate
3. Training program for the endomorph type (rounder
build, slow metabolism, prone to fat accumulation)
Day
Type of training
Details
1.
Long-distance
walking-
running (combined)
10 minutes walking + 15 minutes
running + 5 minutes walking
2.
Bodyweight circuit training
(no weights)
8 exercises (squats, sharp turns,
upward/long/deep jumps, running
with arm swings, burpees), 2–3
rounds
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
54
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijmscr
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research (ISSN: 2771-2265)
3.
High-density intervals
40 seconds of exercise + 20 seconds
rest, 5 sets
For the Ectomorph group: The training program for the
ectomorph group showed that students in this group
easily performed long-distance running and aerobic
exercises. In the pre-experiment Cooper test, their
average result was 2400 meters. After the experiment,
this figure improved to 2700 meters, indicating a high
level of aerobic performance.
For the Mesomorph group: The pre-experiment Cooper
test results for the mesomorph group averaged 2600
meters. These students performed exercises that
combined strength and power. After the experiment,
the result improved to 2900 meters. These figures
demonstrate the highest level of anaerobic endurance
in students with a mesomorphic somatotype.
For the Endomorph group: Short-term and high-
intensity exercises yielded good results. Their pre-
experiment average Cooper test result was around
2300 meters. After the experiment, it improved to 2600
meters, which indicates a high level of anaerobic
endurance.
Recovery of heart rate: Positive changes were observed
in heart rate recovery time due to the exercises. In the
ectomorph group, heart rate returned to normal within
3
–
4 minutes; in the mesomorph group, recovery was
observed within 2
–
3 minutes. In the endomorph group,
heart rate recovery took 4
–
5 minutes. This system
shows different levels of physical recovery based on
div composition.
Statistical analysis: According to the results of statistical
analysis, the obtained data were analyzed using a T-test
to measure differences. The performance of the
ectomorph group was evaluated at a moderate level,
and a significant difference was found (p < 0.05).
Differences were also identified in anaerobic levels
between the mesomorph and endomorph groups,
confirmed statistically.
Conclusion of the analysis: The analysis shows that
training programs tailored to div types are effective
for evaluating athletes' endurance and strength
indicators. Long aerobic exercises were most effective
for ectomorph students, strength-building exercises for
mesomorphs, and short-term high-intensity workouts
for endomorphs.
Figure 1.
CONCLUSION
The results of the study showed that regular training
based on exercise programs tailored to the div
somatotype of 17
–
18-year-old university students
effectively improves endurance quality. Taking into
account the physiological and functional characteristics
specific to ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph
somatotypes, exercise loads designed with an
individual approach enhance the adaptability of
students' cardiovascular, respiratory, muscular, and
energy systems. This positively influences their overall
physical fitness and health status.
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
55
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijmscr
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research (ISSN: 2771-2265)
Recommendations
1.
It is recommended to assess university
students' div composition (somatotype) and plan
training programs individually.
2.
Along with increasing endurance, the program
should also include educational sessions aimed at
promoting a healthy lifestyle.
3.
It is advisable to test physical qualities
(especially cardiovascular and muscular endurance)
every two months to evaluate the effectiveness of the
program.
4.
The use of modern technologies (such as heart
rate monitoring devices and training monitoring
applications) is beneficial during training sessions.
5.
Students’
psychological
condition
and
motivation should be regularly monitored throughout
the training process.
REFERENCES
Mirziyoyev.Sh.M Erkin va farovon demokratik
O’zbekiston davlatini birgalikda barpo etamiz. Т., 2016.
Mirziyoyev.Sh.M Milliy taraqqiyot yo’limizni qat’iyat
bilan davom ettirib ,yangi bosqichga ko’yaramiz.
-
Т.:O’zbekiston, 2017,
-
Б. 145.
O’zbеkistоn Rеspublikasining “Ta’lim to’g’risida”gi
Qоnuni. (1997 yil 29 avgustda qabul qilingan)
O’zbеkistоn Rеspublikasining “Kadrlar tayyorlash Milliy
dasturi” (1997 yil 29
-avgustda qabul qilingan)
–
Barkamоl avlоd –
O’zbеkistоn taraqqiyotining
pоydеvоri. T. Sharq, 1997 y.
O’zbеkistan Rеspublikasi qоnuni «Jismоniy tarbiya va
spоrt to’g’risidagi» 27.06.2000 (yangi taхriri). –
T., 2000
y.
O’zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining PQ
-450
–
KURASH milliy sport turini ommalashtirish va
rivojlantirishni yangi bosqichga olib chiqish chora
tadbirlari to’g’risida” gi qarori 20.12.2024 yil.
Керимоа Ф.А. Спорт кураши назарияси ва усулияти.
Т., ЎзДЖТИ, 2005.
8.R.S.Salomov “Jismoniy tarbiya nazariyasi va
uslubiyati” Toshkent
-2024
9.Azimova.S.B.
Boshlang’ich
sinf
o’quvchilarida
me’yorlangan
mashqlar orqali darsdan tashqari
tezkorlik qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirishning innovatsion
vosita va usublari.Maqola, 37-39-bet ,2024-yil.
10.
Azimova.S.B.
Yakkakurash
sport
turlariga
ixtisoslashgan mashqlar orqali oliy ta’lim muassasasi
talabalarining
chidamlilik
sifatini
oshirish
samaradoriligi. Maqola, 38-41-bet, 2025-yil.
