Vol. 5 No. 05 (2025): Volume 05 Issue 05

The study investigates the therapeutic efficacy of clear aligner systems in adult patients exhibiting mild to moderate malocclusion and possessing a primary aesthetic treatment motivation. Emphasis is placed on clinical outcomes in cases of dental crowding, spacing, and rotational misalignment. The analysis integrates data on biomechanical limitations of aligners, occlusal force distribution, and the risk of salivary flow obstruction during prolonged appliance wear. Clinical indications, relapse potential, and the influence of patient compliance on treatment predictability are examined. Results indicate that aligners achieve satisfactory orthodontic correction in carefully selected cases, particularly where periodontal health, enamel integrity, and patient adherence are adequately controlled. The findings suggest that aligner therapy represents a viable modality for adult orthodontic intervention, provided strict clinical selection criteria and behavioral protocols are maintained.

Ruptures of the long head of the biceps (LHB) tendon represent a common clinical condition frequently encountered in orthopedic and sports medicine practice. Although biceps tenotomy is often employed due to its simplicity, biceps tenodesis has gained favor due to its superiority in preserving cosmetic appearance, maintaining strength, and ensuring better long-term functional outcomes. This study evaluates the clinical efficacy, safety, and functional outcomes of biceps tenodesis in a cohort of patients with complete or high-grade partial ruptures of the LHB tendon. Postoperative results were evaluated using standardized scoring systems and isometric strength testing. Statistical analysis validated significant improvements in pain, function, and muscle performance. Our findings contribute to the evidence base favoring tenodesis, especially in younger, active patients.

This article describes the prevalence and clinical features of 105 patients with chronic hepatitis. It was found that patients with chronic viral hepatitis have a high frequency of subjective or objective signs in the clinical picture and increased liver cytolysis according to laboratory tests.

Key words: chronic hepatitis, liver, virus, subjective sign, objective sign

The purpose of the study. Clinical and laboratory markers in patients with chronic viral hepatitis - assessment of liver function by determining biochemical parameters

Materials and methods of research. During the study, data were obtained based on the results of a clinical and laboratory examination of 105 patients diagnosed with chronic viral hepatitis. 67 (63.8%) of the patients were women and 38 (36.1%) were men, their age ranged from 20 to 75 years (on average 44.2±3.2 years). During the survey, a comparative assessment of the health status of 60 healthy people aged 20-65 years was carried out.

Results and analysis. As a result of the study, it was found that patients with chronic viral hepatitis have a high frequency of subjective or objective signs in the clinical picture and increased liver cytolysis according to laboratory tests.

Conclusion. It has been established that chronic hepatitis occurs in the absence of subjective or objective signs from the clinical picture, from laboratory tests - indicators of liver cytolysis, elevated ALT values, total bilirubin, pigment caustic substances.

Facial asymmetry is a complex condition that affects both aesthetics and function, often requiring a multidisciplinary approach for accurate diagnosis and successful surgical correction. This study focuses on the role of precise diagnostic methods in preoperative planning and surgical treatment of patients with asymmetric jaw deformities. A total of  87 patients with skeletal malocclusions were examined, of whom 28 had asymmetric jaw deformities. The etiology of facial asymmetry is multifactorial, involving genetic, congenital, developmental, and environmental influences. Proper differentiation between true and false asymmetry is crucial for treatment planning. Diagnostic imaging, including 3D CBCT analysis, cephalometry, and facial photometry, plays a key role in establishing the skeletal and dental midline, evaluating condylar position, and determining asymmetry severity. This study highlights the importance of integrating advanced imaging techniques with 3D surgical planning for precise treatment strategies. The findings emphasize the necessity of individualized preoperative assessment to achieve optimal facial symmetry and functional outcomes.

The article investigates the clinical and therapeutic complexities of managing inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Based on a comprehensive analysis of multi-center studies, three typological patterns of oral involvement are delineated, correlating with CKD severity and treatment modality. Patients undergoing hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and post-transplant therapy present with xerostomia, gingival hyperplasia, uremic mucositis, and opportunistic infections, frequently accompanied by alterations in the cytokine profile and epithelial atrophy. Salivary hypofunction, immune dysregulation, and mineral-bone metabolism disturbances are identified as key pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to mucosal degradation. Quantitative associations between dialysis duration, inflammatory markers in gingival crevicular fluid, and periodontal destruction are substantiated across clinical cohorts. The analysis reveals that standard dental protocols are insufficient for this patient category and require adaptation to the immunocompromised state and systemic instability. The integration of dental evaluation into nephrological care protocols is justified by the observed bidirectional influence between periodontal inflammation and renal function dynamics.

Leukoplakia of the oral mucosa in patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders exhibits a heightened propensity for epithelial dysplasia, with a clinically and molecularly substantiated increase in malignant potential. This progression correlates with shifts in the structure and function of the mucosal microbiome, which acts as a pathophysiological cofactor in epithelial instability. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic dysregulation contributes to chronic mucosal hypoxia, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress, establishing a microenvironment favorable for dysbiosis. Targeted studies demonstrate increased colonization by opportunistic taxa including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Candida albicans, organisms implicated in pro-inflammatory signaling, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and disruption of intercellular adhesion. The presence of hyperkeratotic or erosive leukoplakic lesions in ventral oral regions corresponds with elevated levels of microbial virulence factors, epithelial proliferation indices (Ki-67), and p53 pathway activation. These findings support the concept of a microbially modulated oncogenic niche within metabolically compromised mucosa. Integrating microbial profiling into the diagnostic algorithm for oral leukoplakia may enhance prognostic precision and inform preventive strategies in high-risk diabetic populations.

This article explores the global prevalence of autonomic neuropathy, with a primary focus on its diabetic form, which is one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes mellitus. The study reviews data from various international sources, revealing significant variability in prevalence rates depending on patient populations, diagnostic criteria, and assessment methods. Particular attention is given to the influence of age, disease duration, and diabetes type on the development of autonomic dysfunction. The article also addresses non-diabetic forms of autonomic neuropathy, including amyloid neuropathy. Emphasis is placed on the importance of early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary treatment approach, especially considering the high mortality rate associated with cardiac autonomic neuropathy.

This study is aimed at developing and evaluating a special training program based on individual somatotypes to improve the endurance of 17–18-year-old university students engaged in combat sports. A total of 90 male students were divided into three groups according to body types: ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph. Each group participated in adapted endurance training sessions focused on combat sports over a 10-week period. Pre- and post-study endurance levels were assessed using the Cooper 12-minute run test and heart rate recovery analysis. The results demonstrated statistically significant improvements in endurance across all groups (p < 0.05), with mesomorphic students showing the highest rate of progress. The findings suggest that endurance training tailored to body composition is more effective in enhancing athletic performance than generalized programs. This study highlights the importance of individualized physical training in fostering youth participation in sports.

The article examines the key role of sports medicine in ensuring the health of athletes at all stages of their activity. The principles of progressive rehabilitation are covered in detail, including an integrative approach to recovery, functional testing and psychological support.

Tracheomalacia is a pathological condition characterized by increased flaccidity of the tracheal or bronchial walls due to underdevelopment or degeneration of the cartilaginous framework, resulting in dynamic airway collapse during respiration. It is classified into two main types: congenital and acquired. Congenital tracheomalacia arises due to developmental anomalies during fetal ontogenesis, while the acquired form may result from prolonged mechanical ventilation, chronic inflammation, or external compression, but importantly, can also originate from prenatal developmental disturbances. This ontogenetic link between congenital and acquired forms has been increasingly recognized in recent studies, particularly when the acquired variant emerges as a consequence of cartilaginous dysplasia during intrauterine development.

From a morphological perspective, tracheomalacia can manifest in various structural forms, including crescentic, bow-shaped, and concentric types. In all types, there is a common feature of anatomical underdevelopment of the tracheobronchial wall layers, especially affecting their cartilaginous and muscular components. In the crescentic and bow-shaped variants, the mucosal integrity is typically preserved, and the primary deficiency lies in the cartilaginous tissue. Histologically, this is expressed by a reduced number of chondrocytes, absence of continuous cartilaginous support along more than three-quarters of the airway circumference, and the presence of small, isolated cartilaginous islets. These anomalies lead to structural instability and dynamic collapse of the airways, exacerbated by contraction of the bronchial smooth muscle bundles.

Understanding the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of tracheomalacia is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic decision-making, particularly in neonates and infants presenting with airway obstruction symptoms.

In our work, we analyzed the problems of hemostasis disorders based on literature analysis.

Antibiotics have become a central part of pediatric care, helping to reduce serious illness and save lives. However, through my review of current research, I found that using antibiotics in children is not always straightforward. When used inappropriately, these medications can cause unwanted side effects such as disruption of gut microbiota, immune system problems, and contribute to the growing issue of antibiotic resistance. This paper explores how antibiotics affect different organ systems in children, highlights the most commonly used antibiotic types, and discusses how we can use these medicines more safely and responsibly to protect child health.

Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) in menopausal women is a neuropathic pain disorder associated with persistent oral burning sensations, xerostomia, and dysgeusia. The condition is linked to estrogen deficiency, central sensitization, and altered pain modulation. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a structured multimodal therapeutic approach. A cohort of 67 menopausal women (45–67 years) underwent clinical, psychometric, and laboratory assessments, including the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, the Challacombe Scale of Clinical Oral Dryness (CSCOD), and the Spielberger Anxiety Inventory, Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Salivary and hormonal profiles were analyzed to determine inflammatory mediators and estrogen levels. The therapeutic protocol included neuromodulators, salivary stimulants, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and targeted hormonal interventions. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in pain intensity, improved oral function, and stabilization of psychological status. The findings support a multidisciplinary approach as a necessary strategy for effective management of BMS in menopausal patients.

Lumbosacral dorsopathy-related pain syndrome remains a significant global health challenge, requiring continuous advancement in treatment strategies. While Western medicine provides structured and evidence-based approaches, traditional Korean medicine offers complementary techniques that may enhance therapeutic outcomes when used in conjunction. The integration of these two medical systems could lead to more comprehensive and personalized care for patients. Improving treatment effectiveness is critical, as persistent pain from lumbosacral dorsopathy significantly contributes to long-term disability. This review analyzes current diagnostic and therapeutic practices through a systematic examination of scientific literature, highlighting the potential benefits and limitations of combining Western and traditional Korean medical approaches.

Biomarkers of bone metabolism, including biomarkers of bone collagen, have attracted great scientific interest. Numerous international studies indicate the importance of these markers in assessing the degree of bone tissue damage, which have not only diagnostic but also prognostic value.

We know that smoking is harmful to human health. But it is very difficult for us to follow this, because a person can find himself in different situations. There are happy days, there are anxious days. Then we smoke tobacco to distract ourselves, and every time such a situation occurs, we start smoking tobacco and we develop a tendency to do so.

Postpartum endometritis is one of the most common infectious complications in the postpartum period. According to various authors, the incidence of endometritis after natural childbirth is 1-3%, while after cesarean section, the rate is 27% [3,5,12,13,18]. The frequency of cesarean sections in Uzbekistan has been steadily increasing from 9.58% in 1999 to 16.10% in 2019. In perinatal centers of Uzbekistan in 2017-2020. Thus, the determining of predictor factors which play huge role in the development of postpartum endometritis is relevant. In this article are given the results of scientific work which was done with 89 women who were after delivery in order to predict postpartum endometritis.

Background: Revisional bariatric surgery has emerged as a critical component of comprehensive obesity management, addressing inadequate weight loss, weight regain, and complications following primary bariatric procedures.

Objective: This comprehensive review examines current evidence regarding indications, technical considerations, and outcomes of revisional bariatric surgery to guide clinical decision-making.

Methods: A systematic review of contemporary literature was conducted, analyzing patient selection criteria, surgical techniques, complication rates, and long-term outcomes of revisional procedures.

Results: Revision rates range from 10-25% over 10 years, with adjustable gastric band procedures demonstrating the highest revision requirements (30-60%). Revisional surgery achieves 40-70% excess weight loss (%EWL), though outcomes remain inferior to primary procedures. Complication rates are elevated (15-30% overall morbidity, 0.5-2% mortality) compared to primary operations.

Conclusions: Revisional bariatric surgery can provide meaningful benefits for appropriately selected patients but requires careful risk-benefit assessment. Optimal outcomes depend on thorough preoperative evaluation, experienced surgical technique, and comprehensive long-term follow-up.

In this article, detailed theoretical information about the process of metabolism in the body is covered. It also provides information about the metabolism map, metabolic pathways and methods of studying metabolism. In addition, opinions about how important the process of metabolism is in the health and functioning behavior of the body are expressed.

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune enteropathy triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals. While the classic presentation involves intestinal damage, a subset of children presents with positive celiac-specific antibodies, particularly against tissue transglutaminase (tTG), but have normal or near-normal duodenal villous architecture upon biopsy. This condition is often referred to as potential celiac disease (PCD). Understanding the natural history and factors influencing the progression from PCD to overt CD (characterized by mucosal atrophy) is crucial for clinical management. This article synthesizes findings from recent studies to explore the progression of CD in children with positive tTG antibodies and initially normal duodenal architecture. It examines factors associated with progression, potential biomarkers, and current diagnostic and management approaches for this specific pediatric population.

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is considered a key pathogenic factor in the development of dry eye syndrome (DES). The aim of this study was to assess the anatomical and functional state of the meibomian glands in military personnel with symptoms of DES using the LacryDiag diagnostic system. Materials and Methods. A total of 120 military personnel (240 eyes) with complaints of DES symptoms were examined. Two control groups were formed: individuals with DES symptoms not serving in the military (n=40), and healthy participants (n=40). The study utilized meibography methods, visualization with LacryDiag, and calculation of the meibomian gland dysfunction index (MGDI). Gland density analysis was performed using the ImageJ software. Results. In the group of military personnel, the average meibomian gland density was 28.6%, corresponding to moderate atrophy. In control group 1, the value reached 51.4%, and in control group 2 — over 70%. The average MGDI value in the main group was 1.58±0.34 points, compared to 1.22±0.22 and 0.48±0.11 in the respective control groups (p<0.05). A strong positive correlation was established between the OSDI index and MGDI in military personnel (r=0.701). Conclusion. Military personnel demonstrate more pronounced meibomian gland dysfunction than civilian individuals, which confirms the need for in-depth diagnosis and prevention of DES using high-precision methods such as LacryDiag.

This article describes the development of a method and technology for obtaining a dry extract, the yield of extractives, the content of flavonoids in the extract using various methods and different extractors. Traditional methods of treatment, as well as traditional recipes for treatment, are widely used today. Plant-derived compounds are often more biocompatible with human cells compared to synthetic drugs. Treatment of diseases with medicinal plants, as a rule, does not cause allergies and addiction, is well tolerated, acts more gently, and in some cases, especially in chronic diseases, has a good lasting effect. According to the principles of rational pharmacotherapy, the drug should be highly effective, harmless, economically viable and not worsen the quality of life. And herbal preparations fully meet all these criteria. Physiologically active substances contained in plants can have a comprehensive effect on various pathological links in the development of diseases [2,3].