International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
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VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue05 2025
PAGE NO.
24-28
10.37547/ijmscr/Volume05Issue05-06
Clinical-Laboratory Markers of Chronic Viral Hepatitis C
D.Kh Khayrullayeva
Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Received:
21 March 2025;
Accepted:
17 April 2025;
Published:
19 May 2025
Abstract:
This article describes the prevalence and clinical features of 105 patients with chronic hepatitis. It was
found that patients with chronic viral hepatitis have a high frequency of subjective or objective signs in the clinical
picture and increased liver cytolysis according to laboratory tests.
Key words
: chronic hepatitis, liver, virus, subjective sign, objective sign
The purpose of the study. Clinical and laboratory markers in patients with chronic viral hepatitis - assessment of
liver function by determining biochemical parameters
Materials and methods of research
. During the study, data were obtained based on the results of a clinical and
laboratory examination of 105 patients diagnosed with chronic viral hepatitis. 67 (63.8%) of the patients were
women and 38 (36.1%) were men, their age ranged from 20 to 75 years (on average 44.2±3.2 years). During the
survey, a comparative assessment of the health status of 60 healthy people aged 20-65 years was carried out.
Results and analysis
. As a result of the study, it was found that patients with chronic viral hepatitis have a high
frequency of subjective or objective signs in the clinical picture and increased liver cytolysis according to
laboratory tests.
Conclusion
. It has been established that chronic hepatitis occurs in the absence of subjective or objective signs
from the clinical picture, from laboratory tests - indicators of liver cytolysis, elevated ALT values, total bilirubin,
pigment caustic substances.
Keywords:
Chronic hepatitis, liver, virus, subjective sign, objective sign.
Introduction:
Relevance and importance of the topic
.
Viral hepatitis C is one of the main causes of chronic
liver diseases, and it is not only a medical, but also a
socio-medical problem due to its widespread
distribution throughout the world, mainly observed
when the population is incapacitated, severe
complications and transition to the chronic stage
[1,3,4,5].
Chronic viral hepatitis C is characterized by rapid
progression to fibrosis and, after 20
–
30 years, 20
–
45%
of cases progress to cirrhosis and 5
–
15% to
hepatocellular carcinoma. Chronic viral hepatitis C is
often asymptomatic, and laboratory tests are also
borderline [2,5,10,11].
Today, a number of scientific studies are being
conducted around the world to study the clinical and
laboratory basis of chronic viral hepatitis, to prevent its
complications through early diagnosis of the disease
and the development of treatment methods. However,
the number of studies that would allow us to confirm
this idea is extremely small, and the data in them are
not reliable.Based on these considerations, the aim of
our work is to assess liver function in patients with
chronic viral hepatitis by determining clinical and
laboratory markers and biochemical parameters.
METHODS
The study included data on the results of clinical,
laboratory and instrumental examinations of 105
patients diagnosed with chron
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International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research (ISSN: 2771-2265)
ic viral hepatitis. 67 (63.8%) of the patients were
female, 38 (36.1%) were male, and their age ranged
from 20 to 75 (mean 44.2±3.2) years. The examination
results were assessed using a clinical-reference card
(questionnaire).
The study was approved by the ethics committee of the
Bukhara Medical Institute. Inclusion criteria: patients
aged 20-75 with chronic hepatitis; individuals who
provided written consent for clinical, laboratory and
instrumental examinations.
Exclusion criteria from the study: alcohol or drug
addiction, toxic hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, serious
diseases (uncontrolled arterial hypertension, type 2
diabetes mellitus in the decompensation stage, chronic
heart failure III-IV functional class, patients with
myocardial infarction and stroke), pregnant and
lactating women.
To rule out alcoholic liver disease, a history (absence of
regular alcohol consumption) was collected and
screened using a special CAGE questionnaire [4]. During
the study, a comparative assessment was performed
with 60 healthy subjects (aged 20-65).
In the process of diagnosing patients, anamnesis data
were
collected,
laboratory
and
ultrasound
examinations were used. Abdominal ultrasound
examination (assessing the size of the liver and spleen,
the condition of the parenchyma, the extrahepatic bile
ducts, the vascular pattern of the liver, identifying signs
of portal hypertension: the presence of ascites, the
diameter of the splenic vein > 10 mm, portal vein > 13
mm, splenomegaly, redrainage of the umbilical vein
was determined by parameters and the following signs
were noted: liver enlargement, increased echogenicity
compared to the spleen, the density of the liver is
relatively reduced (hepato-spleen index is less than 1),
sound permeability is reduced, visualization of the
portal and hepatic veins is worsened. Ultrasound
elastography was performed in 105 patients to rule out
fibrosis in liver parenchyma.
Biochemical tests of blood: alanine aminotransferase
(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ
-
glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP), alkaline phosphatase
(IF), total bilirubin, total protein and its fractions, blood
clotting system activity were studied.
The obtained data were statistically processed using
the Student's t-test, and the difference in results with
P<0.05 was considered reliable.
RESULTS
The ratio of women to men in our study was 1.3:1. The
prevalence of chronic viral hepatitis by age is shown in
Table 1.
Table 1.
Текширилувчи гурух беморлар тавсифи
Indicators
Main group
n =105
Control group
n=60
Men
N
38
25
%
35,8
41,6
Woman
N
67
35
%
64,1
58,3
Average age of patients
44,2±3,2
44,2±3,2
As can be seen from Table 1, when analyzed by gender,
the results of the analysis showed that SG is more
common in women, and is observed mainly in the
working-age population.
To assess the characteristics of clinical manifestations,
the first task was to determine the range of leading
symptoms that make up the essence of the disease.
After that, each clinical and objective sign was
analyzed. The frequency and incidence of clinical signs
in SG were analyzed in detail.
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International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research (ISSN: 2771-2265)
Table 2.
The rate of meeting subjective and objective symptoms in chronic hepatitis
Indicators
Asymptomatic
Occurrence
Subjective or
objective signs
Occurrence of
subjective and
objective signs
Asthenovegetative syndrome -
weakness, reduced work capacity,
sleep disorders, agitation, low
mood, headache, weight loss
30 (28,5%)
50 (47,6%)
40 (38%)
Dyspeptic syndrome – biliary
dyspepsia with a bitter taste in the
mouth, nausea, belching,
Intestinal dyspepsia – flatulence,
persistent diarrhea
29 (27,6%)
52 (49,5%)
24 (22,8%)
Pain syndrome - pain under the
right rib, a feeling of heaviness
26 (24,7%)
54 (51,4%)
25 (23,8%)
Cholestatic syndrome - yellowing
of the skin, sclera, mucous
membranes
31 (29,5%)
52 (49,5%)
22(23,3%)
The main set of clinical symptoms characteristic of
chronic hepatitis is as follows: weakness, reduced work
capacity, sleep disorders, irritability, low mood,
headache, weight loss, heaviness and discomfort under
the right rib, flatulence, constipation, flatulence,
yellowing of the skin and sclera.
As can be seen from the data presented in the table,
the frequency of symptoms in CKD varies and depends
on the stage of the disease.
It was observed that 25% of patients had no symptoms
of asthenovegetative symptoms, 45.8% of patients had
only one of the subjective or objective symptoms, and
29% of patients had only one of the subjective or
objective symptoms.
Among the dyspeptic symptoms, 50.8% of patients had
a full sensation of bitterness in the mouth, nausea,
while dyspeptic syndrome was observed in 23.3% of
patients, and 25.8% of patients had no symptoms. Pain
under the right rib, a feeling of heaviness, subjective
and objective signs were found in 49.1% of patients,
and objective signs were found separately in 27.5% of
patients
Cholestatic syndrome - yellowing of the skin, sclera,
mucous membranes was not observed in 28.3% of
patients, subjective and objective symptoms were
observed in 48.3% of patients, and only one symptom
was observed in 23.3% of patients.
CONCLUSION
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International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research (ISSN: 2771-2265)
In conclusion, it was found that chronic hepatitis is
more common in women than in men. The clinical
picture often shows a combination of subjective and
objective signs.
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