Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
49
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
49-52
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
694
)
(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Protein exchange is crucial for the life of the whole organism, each of its tissues and organs, some cells and subcellular
components. Biochemical activity of the cell and all metabolic reactions occurring in it are related to the exchange of
proteins
KEYWORDS
Protein, element, amino acid, biosynthesis, metabolic change, autotrophic organism, plant, organic matter, amino
acid, photosynthesis, carbohydrate, inorganic nitrogen, synthesis.
INTRODUCTION
Although protein metabolism goes in specific ways in
different classes of organisms, the structural elements
of the proteins involved in this exchange play an
important role in the biosynthesis of amino acids, their
consumption for protein synthesis and other metabolic
changes. In plants that are an autotrophic organism,
among all organic substances, amino acids and
proteins are also synthesized anew by the absorption
of inorganic nitrogen on the basis of carbohydrate
compounds formed during photosynthesis.
Once amino acids appear, their participation in
intracellular metabolism and protein synthesis passes
along almost the same general pathway and
mechanism for all organisms.
Since animals and humans are heterotrophic
organisms, they cannot synthesize the chemical
Research Article
COMMON PATHWAYS OF PROTEIN AND AMINO ACID METABOLISM IN
THE BODY
Submission Date:
June 06, 2023,
Accepted Date:
June 11, 2023,
Published Date:
June 16, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/Volume03Issue06-09
Kapizova Dilafruz Rakhmonjonovna
Andijan State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijmscr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
50
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
49-52
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
694
)
(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
compounds necessary for the structure of their div
by themselves, but are constantly required to be
injected with food.
Protein substances taken from the outside in the form
of plant and animal products are digested in the
gastrointestinal tract and broken down to amino acids,
which are its components. It is in this form that they are
absorbed into the blood and from the blood into the
cell. The participation of amino acids in intracellular
metabolism, end products and protein synthesis in the
animal and human div is practically indistinguishable.
But this only looks like this when you take a general
look at the process.
Looking deeper into nitrogen metabolism, one can
undoubtedly see that in the metabolism of certain
amino acids there is a sharp difference between plant
cells and animal cells, and even between different
tissues of one organism. But this difference, most
often, belongs to the metabolism of certain amino
acids, and does not apply to the mechanism of
metabolism, in particular, protein synthesis.
The general pathways of amino acid metabolism are as
follows: amino acids absorbed from the intestine into
the blood come to the liver through the vein as free
acids. Although the amount of amino acids in the blood
in the venous system that comes to the liver varies
depending on the food spread, the amount of amino
acids in the circulation is maintained at a certain limit.
This is due, firstly, to the fact that the liver is able to
retain and cover excess amino acids from the vein, and
secondly, to the fact that other organs also cough
amino acids from the blood according to their needs.
The liver has the ability to accumulate amino acids
much faster, this property is due to the fact that it is
very high in terms of all-round metabolic activity of the
organ. It is not for nothing that the liver is the
"chemical laboratory" of the div. Amino acids are
partially broken down in this organ, partially spent on
the synthesis of other compounds (plasma proteins,
carbohydrates). The amount of different amino acids in
the blood plasma is handled by their balance of entry
into the blood and absorption from the blood.
Peptides are practically not found in div fluids and
tissues,
except
for
some
of
their
special
representatives (for example, glotation).
They do not have any significance as a nutrient in the
cell plane or as a free intermediate in protein synthesis.
The main importance of amino acids that enter the
circulation is to ensure the structure and catalytic
functions of living cells. In this sense, their first function
is to spend on the synthesis of proteins, including
enzymes, hormones and other compounds of
important biological importance.
If food proteins, as is usually the case, have reached
more than the required amount of aninocyclote to
perform this basic and most specific task, the Over-
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
51
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
49-52
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
694
)
(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
received amino acids are broken down, which can be
used as an energy source, but this is not a necessary
function for them. The part of amino acids that break
down completely and become end products depends
largely on the composition of the food. But when
protein substances are not introduced with food, even
in hunger, a certain amount of nitrogenous substances
is isolated and netted with urine, in which the div is
on a negative nitrogen balance.
The div, under such conditions, will decide why not
consume the amino acids resulting from the
breakdown of its own proteins for the synthesis of new
proteins necessary for other tissues, leaving nitrogen
out "in vain". This is because each protein synthesis
requires a certain set of amino acids. Since all proteins
have a strict amino acid composition, it is impossible to
synthesize a protein even if there is no one of the
necessary amino acids. So all the remaining amino acids
are broken down.
Their nitrogen is excreted in the urine, while the carbon
skeleton decomposes with energy separation to its
final products, SO2 and N2O. In addition, a number of
amino acids are spent on the synthesis of various
biologically
active
compounds.
For
example,
adrenaline and thyroid hormones from phenylalanine,
and creatine in muscles from arginine and methionine
are formed.
So, some of the amino acids that are not exchanged are
always used to compensate for needs other than
protein synthesis. The resulting lack of non-
exchangeable amino acids also leaves other amino
acids unnecessary for protein synthesis. It should also
be mentioned that proteins of a number of tissues,
such as hair, nails, skin epidermis, disappear in an
irrevocable form during the life process and cannot
participate in novel organism-NNG exchange reactions.
Other exchange pathways than the expenditure of
amino acids in the synthesis of proteins and a number
of biologically active substances consist of their
degradation (degradation) reactions. A number of
degradation reactions are common to most amino
acids. These consist of deamination with protein,
pereaminization and decarboxylation with protein.
Other reactions involve a large number of individual
degradation steps specific to each amino acid.
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Berezov. T. Biologicheskaya ximiya. Moskva.
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Biokimyo.
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P.Mirxamidova, D.B.Boboxonova. “Biologik
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Toshkent, “Navroz”, 2018.
4.
Nelson D, M. Koks. Osnovы bioximii Lenindjera.
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Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
52
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
49-52
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
694
)
(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
5.
To’raqulov
Yo.X.
Biokimyo.
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