Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
14
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
14-20
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
694
)
(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The influence of different doses of γ
-
rays on the secretion of pancreas’s ferments and fermental
homeostasis has
been studied on white laboratory non-pedigree male rats (weight 180-
200g). The obtained findings showed that γ
-
radiation depending on its dosage decreases synthesis of ferments (amilaza, lypaza and proteaza) in the pancreas and
their (amilaza and lypaza) incretion to the blood.
KEYWORDS
Amilaza, lypaza, blood.
INTRODUCTION
Everyone is exposed to natural radiation. Human
activity, including the use of radiation and radioactive
substances, leads to additional radiation along with
natural [1,2,3]. The medical use of radiation makes the
largest and increasing contribution to anthropogenic
radiation [4,5].
It is known that the digestive system is one of the most
sensitive to the effects of radiation [6], but the
pancreas is considered a relatively radioresistant
organ, since even at doses that cause acute radiation
sickness (700-1000 R), there are no significant
morphological disorders in it [7]. The glands of the
digestive tract secrete secrets, secretions, excreta into
their ducts, into the cavities of organs, into the lymph
Research Article
SECRETION OF HYDROLITHIC FERMENTS OF THE PANCREAS AND
FERMENTAL HOMEOSTASIS IN CASE OF Y-RADIATION
Submission Date:
June 01, 2023,
Accepted Date:
June 06, 2023,
Published Date:
June 11, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/Volume03Issue06-04
I.B.Zulunova
Andijan State Medical Institute, The Republic Of Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijmscr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
15
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
14-20
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
694
)
(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
and bloodstream. A significant part of the secreted
hydrolytic enzymes is absorbed from the small
intestine into the lymphatic and circulating
bloodstream. Located in the blood plasma in free and
adsorbed by its proteins, shaped elements,
endothelium of blood capillaries, inhibitors. Enzymes
are recreted by gland glandulocytes into the
composition of the chyme, take multiple part in the
hydrolysis of food nutrients and secretions, that is,
they circulate in the macroorganism. Hydrolases have
the properties of signaling molecules, have regulatory
and modulating effects on the processes of secretion
and recreation of enzymes, on the organization of food
and chyme adapted to the nutrient composition, and
motor skills. The principle of morphofunctional
organization of the digestive secretory-transport
modules plays an essential role in the urgent enzyme
adaptation of the secretion of digestive glands. Each of
them has specialized sensory, conductive afferent and
efferent elements, and in the gland itself there are
specialized microregions and a system of secret ducts
with a micro-reserve valve apparatus. The pancreas
supports enzyme homeostasis by incretion of enzymes
into and out of the blood [8]. This makes it necessary
to compare the effect of different doses of gamma
rays on the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and
enzyme homeostasis.
Materials and methods of research. The experiments
were performed on white laboratory mongrel male
rats weighing 180-200 g. Total irradiation of rats with
gamma-quanta 60Co was carried out on the "Ray"
installation, the size of the irradiated field is 20x20cm,
the skin focal length is 75 cm. The dose rate varied
within 0.86-0.85 G/min. Absorbed doses were 1, 2, 4, 6
Gray. On 1, 3, 7, 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 days after
irradiation, the activity of enzymes in the homogenate
of pancreatic tissue and in blood serum was studied.
The indicators of intact rats that were not exposed to
any influences served as a control.
Discussion of the results. The obtained results showed
that amylolytic activity of 1460±56.0u/g was most
pronounced in rat pancreatic homogenate. This
enzyme, synthesized by acinocytes, hydrolyzes α
-1-4-
glucoside bonds of polysaccharides. Hydrolysis of
polysaccharides, initiated in the stomach by saliva
carbohydraz, is vigorously continued by pancreatic α
-
amylase and is completed by several intestinal
disaccharides.
In the second place in activity in the homogenate of the
pancreas of rats, total proteases are 230.0± 6.1units/g.
Proteolytic enzymes are synthesized and isolated by
acinocytes in an inactive, zymogenic form in the form
of
trypsinogens,
chymotrypsinogens,
procarboxypeptidases, proelastases. Lipase activity
in rat pancreatic homogenate is much less than that of
previous enzymes. Its value is 70.1±3.1units/g. This
enzyme is synthesized and secreted by acinocytes in
the active state. Pancreatic lipase is the main and
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
16
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
14-20
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
694
)
(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
essentially the only lipolytic enzyme that breaks down
dietary triglycerides, which make up 90% of dietary fats
taken by humans.
The results obtained by us on blood enzymes in rats:
amylase activity is quite high, it is equal to 560.0 ± 11.0
units / ml. In the blood, the lipolytic activity is much
lower (16.0± 0.2 u/ml) than its amylolytic activity.
In the blood, the pattern we noted is repeated by the
severity of the activity of amylase and lipase enzymes
in the pancreatic homogenate.
After gamma irradiation at doses of 1, 2, 4 Gray on day
3, amylolytic activity in pancreatic tissue decreased
(Table 1). On the 7th and 10th days, the decrease in the
activity of this enzyme reached its maximum values, i.e.
this indicator was 20-40% less than the control
indicators.
On day 60 after gamma irradiation at doses of 1 and 2
Gray, the amylolytic activity of pancreatic tissue
reached its initial values.
With an increase in the dose of gamma radiation,
changes in amylase activity in the gland tissue were
more pronounced. With gamma irradiation at a dose of
4 Gray, amylolytic activity in the gland tissue decreased
and remains at this level until 60 days after irradiation.
When the animals were irradiated with a dose of 6
Gray, the activity of amylase in the pancreatic tissue
decreased sharply after a day (28% lower than the
control). On the 3rd day after gamma irradiation, its
activity slightly recovered (it became 13% lower than
the control), but in the following days it became lower
and lower and on the 30th day it became 70% lower
than the control.
The results obtained by us confirm the data of V.S.
Tkachishin [9] on dose-dependent changes in enzyme
activity during irradiation.
A decrease in the secretion of pancreatic enzymes may
be the result of a weakening of stimulating influences
at the level of their generation, as well as the
conduction of signals in the chain of neurons of the
meta
–
sympathetic ganglia of the gland [10,11,12], as
well as the result of inhibition of neurohumoral
regulation processes, expressed in a violation of the
balance of adrenergic and cholinergic mediation in the
gastrointestinal tract, the predominance of destructive
processes and microcirculation disorders, balance of
hormones and mediators [13]. A decrease in the
activity of pancreatic enzymes may also be the result of
a violation of enzyme protein synthesis.
Pancreatic enzymes are transported into the blood by
several proven mechanisms: from the lumen of the
small intestine, from destroyed acinocytes, the lumen
of the ductal gland system and by incretion of enzymes
by pancreatic acinocytes [10]. The quantitative ratio of
these transport routes may vary depending on the
functional state of the gland and small intestine, the
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
17
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
14-20
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
694
)
(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
permeability of their histohematic barriers, the level of
blood supply to the gland and, apparently, other
reasons.
Dose-dependent decreases in blood amylase activity
were observed in experimental rats after gamma
irradiation (Table 2).
With an increase in the radiation dose, respectively,
there is a more pronounced decrease in amylolytic
activity in the blood, at a dose of 1 Gray by 2.5-8%, 2 Gray
by 3-16%, 4 Gray by 5-12%, 6 Gray by 50-84% below
control. Dose-dependent changes in lipase activity in
pancreatic tissue and blood were obtained with
gamma irradiation.
At a dose of 1 and 2 Gray, the lipolytic activity in the
homogenate of the gland tissue and blood remained at
the level of the initial values (Tables 3, 4). Therefore,
these doses do not affect the secretion of lipase by the
pancreas and its increment into the blood.
With an increase in the dose to 4 Gray, the activity of
lipase in the gland tissue on the next day of gamma
irradiation decreased approximately twice, on the
tenth day after irradiation, its activity became 3 times
lower than the initial values. On the 60th day of follow-
up, lipolytic activity in pancreatic tissue also remained
much lower than the control indicators.
At a dose of 6 Gray, the lipolytic activity of the tissue on
the next day after irradiation decreased by about 3
times, for 20-30 days this indicator became 4 times
lower than the initial values.
Similar changes were observed in the lipolytic activity
of blood under gamma irradiation at doses of 4 and 6
Gray.
A day after gamma irradiation at a dose of 4 Gray, the
lipolytic activity of the blood decreased by 30%.
Starting from 7 to 30 days after irradiation, lipase
activity in the blood gradually recovered, but did not
reach the control values, it remained 10% below its
level. On the 45th day after irradiation, a more
pronounced decrease in it was observed, that is,
lipolytic activity became 25-27% lower from the initial
values, on the 60th day it did not recover to the initial
values, remained 15% below its level.
When experimental animals were given gamma
radiation at a dose of 6 Gray, a wave-like change in the
lipolytic activity of the blood was observed. A day after
irradiation, lipase activity in the blood decreased by 6%,
after 3 days it became 25%, on day 7 48%- and on day 30
12% below control.
The change in the overall proteolytic activity of
pancreatic tissue also depended on the dose of gamma
radiation.
With gamma irradiation at a dose of 1 Gray on the tenth
day of the experiment, the total proteolytic activity of
the gland tissue decreased by 18%, on the twentieth
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
18
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
14-20
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
694
)
(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
day it returned to its original values. On the 30th and
45th days after irradiation, its activity in the pancreatic
tissue significantly decreased and on the 60th day of
the experiment, the activity of the total protease
returned to the control level.
At a dose of 2 Gray, a different pattern of changes in
the activity of proteases in pancreatic tissue was
observed. At the beginning, it decreased by 37% and
then gradually, on the 45th day of the experiment, it
returned to the initial values.
With gamma irradiation at 4 Gray on the next day of the
experiment, the proteolytic activity in the gland tissue
decreased by 13%, from the 20th to the 60th day of the
experiment, its activity became approximately 4 times
lower than the initial level.
When the animals were irradiated at a dose of 6 Gray,
the next day the activity of proteases in the gland
tissue decreased by 30% and in the following days of
the experiment its activity decreased more and more,
on the 30th day of the experiment it became 2 times
lower than the control.
CONCLUSIONS
1. The pancreas of rats contains enzymes that
hydrolyze almost all macronutrients - proteins, lipids
and carbohydrates. In the pancreatic tissue, their ratio
is not the same. Most of all enzymes with amylolytic
activity, then proteolytic and least of all lipolytic
activity. The content of amylase and lipase enzymes in
the blood is much less than in the pancreatic tissue.
2. Gamma radiation, depending on the dose, reduces
the synthesis of enzymes (amylases, lipases, and
proteases) in the pancreas and their incretion
(amylases and lipases) into the blood.
REFERENCES
1.
Карпов А.Б., Тахауов Р.М., Урут В.В. Роль
ионизирующего излучения в развитии
гомеостатического дисбаланса. // Бюллетень
Сибирской медицины: научно
-
практический
журнал.
- 2005, -
№2.
-
С.82
-87.
2.
Петрова
Г.В.
Заболеваемость
злокачественными новообразованиями на
территориях, пострадавших вследствие
аварии на ЧАЭС(1981
-
2006г). //Медицинская
радиология и радиационная безопасность.
-
М., 2009.
-
№1.
-
С.16
-18.
3.
Токарская З.Б., Хохряков В.Ф. О факторах
риска злокачественных опухолей среди
работников ПО «Маяк» //Медицинская
радиология и радиоцонная безопастность.
-
М., 2010.
-
№2.
-
С.
-32.
4.
Бушмаков А.Ю., Баранов А.Е., Надежина
И.М. Три случая острого радиационного
поражения человека от внешнего гамма
-
излучения.
//
Бюллетень
Сибирской
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
19
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
14-20
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
694
)
(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
медицины: научно
-
практический журнал.
-
2005, -
т. 4, №2.
-
С.133
-140.
5.
Отчеты НКДАР ООН по действию атомной
радиации
генеральной
ассамблее.
//
Медицинская радиология и радиационная
безопасность. –
Москва, 2010.
-
№1.
-
С.28
-47.
6.
Бабаджанова Ш.А.,
Шамсутдинова М.И.,
Мусаева
И.Б.
Патология
системы
пищеварения
у
лиц,
подвергшихся
воздействию малодозного облучения. /
Современные
подходы
диагностике
и
лечению
заболеваний
кроветворной
системы. Актуальные проблемы транс
физиологии:
сборник
научных
трудов
научно
-
практической
конференции
с
международным участием.
-
Ташкент, 2006.
-
С. 68.
7.
Суринов Б.П., Шеянов Г.Г. Структурное
-
функциональное состояние поджелудочной
железы и некоторые её гидролазы при
облучении. //Радиобиология.
-
М.,1979.
-
№1.
-
С.60
-65.
8.
Коротько Г.Ф. Секреция поджелудочной
железы.
–
Краснодар:
Кубанский
гос.мед.университет, 2017. –
312с.
9.
Ткачишин В.С. Ретроспективная оценка дозы
облучения
организма
по
активности
аланинаминотрансферазы и аспартат –
аминотрансферазы.
//Медицинская
радиология и радиоцонная безопастность.
-
М., 1997.
-
№6.
-
С.43.
10.
Коротько Г.Ф. Эндосекреция ферментов в
модуляции деятельности пищеварительного
тракта //Рос. журнал гастроэнтерол. гепатол.
колопроктология.
-2007.-
№5.
-
С.97
-104.
11.
Telbisz A., Kovics AL, Somosy Z. Influence of X-
ray on the autophagic-lysosomal system in rat
pancreatic acini // Micron. -2002.-
v.33,№2.
-
Р.143
-151.
12.
Yamaguchi K., Nakamura K., Kimura M.,
Yakakota K., Noshiro H., Chijiiwa K., Tanaka M.
Intra operative radiation enkances decline of
pancreatic exocrine function after pancreatic
head resection. //Radiat Res. -2000 .
–v.45,№6.
-
Р. 1084
-1090.
13.
Ершов А.В., Шербак Н.П. Изменения
иннервации желудка крыс при хроническом
воздействии ионизирующего излучения в
малых дозах. //Научно
-
теоретический
медицинский журнал. Морфология.
-
Санкт
-
Петербург, 2000.
-
т. 117, №3.
-
С.45.
