Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
46
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
P
AGES
:
46-52
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article analyzes the results of a study on the histological relationship of glandular and non-glandular structures of
the prostate gland of mature rats and its structural changes in chronic alcoholism.
In rats with chronic alcoholism, compared with control, a decrease in the volume fraction of the glandular parenchyma
in the structure of the organ, an increase in the number of acini in the field of view due to a decrease in the diameter
of their lumen, foci of epithelial stratification, cell proliferation, and desquamation of epithelial cells are observed.
Chronic exposure to alcohol leads to a pronounced degree of lymphocytic infiltration with lymphoid nodular
formation, to a moderate form of connective tissue proliferation, in the interglandular stroma the number and
diameter of vessels increase and their wall thickness decreases.
KEYWORDS
Rat prostate, gland, morphometry, chronic alcoholism.
INTRODUCTION
Due to the wide spread of prostate diseases, functional
disorders that occur in the prostate under the
influence of environmental factors, the action of which
the div experiences in the process of individual
development, are of particular interest (7,9,10).
Research Article
MORPHOLOGY OF THE PROSTATE IN 6-MONTH-OLD RATS AND ITS
REACTIVE CHANGES IN CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM
Submission Date:
May 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
May 25, 2023,
Published Date:
May 25, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/Volume03Issue05-08
Radjabov A. B.
Bukhara State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ijmscr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
47
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
P
AGES
:
46-52
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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)
(2022:
5.
893
)
(2023:
6.
184
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The morphostructure of the prostate gland can be
influenced by various environmental factors, including
chemical ones. Alcohol is one of the most toxic
xenobiotics, which has a detrimental effect on almost
all organ systems (1,3,4,6,8).
According to the World Health Organization, as a result
of the harmful use of alcohol in the world, 3 million
deaths are recorded every year, which is 5.3% of all
deaths [2].
It should be noted that in a comparative aspect, the
morphology of the prostate at puberty and under
chronic alcohol exposure with a description of the
morphometry of all glandular and non-glandular
structures has not been practically studied in a
comprehensive manner. In this regard, the study of the
morphological features of an organ under conditions
of chronic alcohol exposure is of undoubted interest
for theoretical and practical medicine.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study was performed on 26 outbred white male
rats at the age of 6 months. 2 experimental groups
were formed: 1st - control (n=14); 2nd
–
experimental
group (n=12).
In the experimental group, for modeling chronic
alcoholism, forced alcoholization of animals using
40.0% ethanol solution was used (5). The solution was
administered intragastrically using a metal probe 1 time
per day at a total dose of 7 g/kg of div weight for 1
month before the study age. Control animals received
intragastrically equal volumes of 0.9% NaCl solution.
For histological examination, pieces of the prostate
were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and embedded in
paraffin according to the standard method.
Histological sections obtained from paraffin blocks, 5-7
μm thick, were stained with
hematoxylin and eosin for
review purposes, collagen fibers were detected by van
Gieson staining.
With a microscope magnification of 70 times (7x10),
the sections were determined:
- the shape of the lumen of the glands, the number of
terminal sections of the glands in the field of view, the
volume fraction of acini with and without secretion (in
%), the number of acini with desquamated epithelial
cells in the field of view, in the intralobular stroma, the
number of intraorgan vessels in the field of view was
counted;
In the preparations, at a magnification of 280 times
(7x40), using an eyepiece micrometer, the diameter of
the lumen of the glands, the height of the epithelium,
the inner diameter and wall thickness of intraorganic
vessels were measured. In addition, the thickness of
collagen fibers and their distribution in the tissues of
the gland were determined.
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
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International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
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VOLUME
03
ISSUE
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P
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In the field of view (7x40), the presence and severity of
lymphocytic infiltration in the tissues of the gland was
assessed. When distributing lymphocytes by severity
(cell density), the classification of the North American
Chronic Prostatitis Collaborative Research Network
and the International Prostatitis Collaborative Network
was used:
1) mild degree - single lymphocytic cells separated by
distinct intermediate zones;
2) moderate degree - confluent fields of lymphocytic
cells without tissue destruction and / or lymphoid
nodular / follicular formation;
3) severe degree - confluent fields of lymphocytic cells
with tissue destruction and / or lymphoid nodular /
follicular formation.
To assess the severity (fibrosis) of the proliferation of
connective tissue using an eyepiece micrometer with a
magnification of the objective x40, eyepiece x7 in the
field of view, the thickness of the stroma layers
between the glands was measured.
The degree of compaction of the connective tissue was
determined by the appropriate method as follows:
mild form (increase in the thickness of stromal septa up
to 2 times in 2-4 fields of view out of 10); 2) moderate
form (the thickness of the stromal septa is increased
up to 2 times in more than 4 fields of view or a sharp
thickening - more than 3 times and is present in single
(1-2) fields of view); 3) pronounced form (stromal septa
are enlarged up to 3 times or more in 7-10 fields of
view).
A study was made of the volume fractions of glandular
and stromal elements (in %). To do this, using the
morphometric grid G.G. Avtandilov (with the number
of intersections 100) using an eyepiece x10, a lens x10
in each preparation of the prostate in 10 fields of view,
the number of intersections falling on the stromal and
glandular (including the lumen of the gland) elements
was counted to determine their ratios.
RЕSULTS АND DISСUSSIОN
The study showed that in 6-month-old rats, the
prostate has a normal structural plan, consists of
numerous separate alveolar-tubular glands and
muscular-elastic stroma in the form of loose fibrous
connective tissue, bundles of smooth myocytes and
vessels.
Plain microscopy reveals single epithelial-stromal
outgrowths in the acini, the terminal sections are
represented by highly prismatic epithelium with high
columnar and basal cells resting on a clearly visible
basement membrane. The height of the epithelial layer
varies from 12.6 to 21.0 µm, on average, 17.8 ± 0.38 µm.
Acini have oval and rounded shapes. The diameter of
the lumen of the glands ranges from 210.0 to 441.0
microns, on average - 330.5 ± 9.7 microns. The number
of acini in the field of view ranges from 18 to 28,
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
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International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
averaging 22.0±0.5. The volume fraction of acini with a
secret is in the range of 90.0-100%, on average -
93.3±0.5. The proportion of acini without a secret is 0-
10.0%, on average 6.7±0.5. Acini with desquamated
epithelial cells were not found in the preparations.
In the periglandular stroma, single scattered
lymphocytes are determined, separated by clear
intervals. Their number in the field of view ranges from
8 to 12, on average 10.0±0.22. In the preparations, a thin
stroma is determined, in most cases the acini are
located back to back. The thickness of the stromal
septa between the acini ranges from 12.6 to 33.6 µm,
averaging 23.1±1.13 µm.
The number of stromal vessels in the field of view is in
the range of 4-9, averaging 7.0±0.3. The inner diameter
of the venules is in the range from 21.0 to 29.4 microns,
on average - 24.8±0.42 microns. The thickness of their
wall ranges from 4.2 to 8.4 microns, on average - 5.8 ±
0.21 microns. The diameter of the capillaries varies
from 8.4 to 16.8 µm, on average 13.1±0.42 µm. The wall
thickness is in the range of 2.1-4.2 microns, on average
- 4.12±0.13 microns. The inner diameter of arterioles
ranges from 12.6 to 16.8 µm, averaging 14.7±0.21 µm.
Their wall thickness varies from 4.2 to 8.4 µm, on
average 7.69±0.21 µm.
The volume fraction of glandular tissue is 77.0-90.0%,
on average 82.5±0.7%. The proportion of stromal tissue
ranges from 10.0-23.0%, averaging 17.5±0.7%.
Collagen fibers envelop the terminal sections of the
glands, most of the fibers lie under the epithelium, and
form a fine-loop network in the stroma. The thickness
of collagen fiber bundles varies from 4.2 to 12.6 µm,
averaging 10.0±0.21 µm.
The study showed that in 6-month-old rats of the
experimental group, acini in 70-80% of cases have a
folded appearance, are represented by a cubic
epithelium, in some places a highly prismatic
epithelium is determined. The thickness of the
epithelial lining varies from 4.2 to 12.6 µm, on average,
9.79±0.38 µm. In some preparations, areas of cell
proliferation are detected in the epithelium, which are
distinguished by a dark color due to the high density of
epitheliocytes. In places in the epithelium, foci of
epithelial stratification are defined, known as prostatic
intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). At the same time, the
rows of layers in the epithelium are disturbed, cell
polymorphism and the presence of large and multiple
nucleoli in the nuclei are noted, mitotic cells are
visualized in places. The terminal sections of the glands
are predominantly irregular in shape; acini of rounded
and oval shapes are found. The lumens of the acini are
convoluted. The diameter of the lumen of the glands
ranges from 105.0 to 327.6 microns, on average - 204.1
± 9.2 microns. The number of acini in the field of view
ranges from 20 to 52, averaging 35.9±1.7. The lumens of
the acini are filled with a homogeneous secret. The
volume fraction of acini with a secret is in the range of
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
85-95%, on average - 87.8 ± 0.5. The proportion of acini
without a secret is 5-15%, on average 12.2±0.5. In the
lumen of individual acini, there are many fragments of
desquamated,
desquamated
cells,
whole
conglomerates are formed, which partially fill the
lumen of the acinus. In the field of view, the number of
acini with desquamated epithelium varies from 5 to 11,
on average 9.1±0.3.
In the interacinar stroma, a large number of diffusely
scattered lymphocytes are visualized. In most
preparations, merging fields of lymphocytes are
observed, which, in the form of chains, envelop the
terminal sections of the glands. Epithelial-stromal
outgrowths
are
completely
infiltrated
with
lymphocytes. In addition, focal accumulations in the
form of nodules are found inside the lumens of the
acini, in some places around the vessels of the
intralobular stroma, single lymphocytes infiltrating the
walls of the vessels are detected. At the same time, in
some places there is a violation of the integrity of the
epithelial lining. The number of lymphocytes in the
stroma (in the field of view) ranges from 30 to 70, on
average 46.0±2.2. The thickness of the stromal septa
between the acini is sharply increased, especially in the
subcapsular zone, it ranges from 75.6 to 201.6 µm,
averaging 122.6±6.7 µm.
In 6-month-old rats of the experimental group, the
stroma is larger than the glandular tissue.
Morphometry of the parenchymal-stromal ratio
showed that the relative area of its parenchyma varies
within 37-55%, averaging 43.6±0.1%. The proportion of
stromal tissue ranges from 45-63%, averaging
56.4±0.1%.
In the interglandular stroma, a large number of
venules, capillaries and arterioles are determined. The
number of stromal vessels in the field of view is in the
range of 7-12, averaging 9.9±0.3. The inner diameter of
the venules ranges from 25.2 to 33.6 µm, on average
29.8±0.42 µm. The thickness of their wall ranges from
4.2 to 8.4 microns, on average - 4.54 ± 0.21 microns. The
diameter of the capillaries varies from 12.6 to 16.8 µm,
on average 15.75±0.21 µm. The thickness of their wall is
in the range of 2.1-4.2 microns, on average - 3.7 ± 0.13
microns. The inner diameter of arterioles ranges from
12.6 to 21.0 µm, averaging 17.85±0.42 µm. Their wall
thickness varies from 4.2 to 8.4 µm, on average
6.13±0.21 µm.
In the experiment, numerous collagen fibers occupy all
interepithelial regions of the stroma. They are found
around the acini and ducts of the gland, where they
densely braid the smooth myocytes of the stromal
layer. In places, a coarse network of collagen fibers is
formed in the interacinar stroma. The thickness of
collagen fiber bundles varies from 4.2 to 8.4 µm,
averaging 7.52±0.21 µm.
CONCLUSION
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Publisher:
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The prostate of 6-month-old rats shows morphological
features typical of an organ with complete
differentiation of the development of glandular-
stromal elements.
In animals with chronic alcoholism, there is an increase
in the number of acini in the field of view due to a
decrease in their diameter, a decrease in the volume
fraction of the glandular parenchyma in the structure
of the organ, and focal desquamation of varying
severity. Acini are detected with foci of epithelial
stratification, which can subsequently cause a
cancerous process.
The impact of alcohol leads to a pronounced
lymphocytic infiltration, to an increase in the number
and diameter of blood vessels, to a moderate form of
expansion of connective tissue layers, pathological
growth of fibrous connective tissue and compaction of
bundles of collagen fibers, which can be considered as
a reaction of the div aimed at isolating the focus of
damage from surrounding tissues.
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1121105677
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