Vol. 3 No. 05 (2023): Volume 03 Issue 05

The article presents a review of scientific literature, clinical observations, containing data on the features of neurological manifestations and mental disorders, complications from the nervous system in a new coronavirus infection, illustrated with clinical examples. Neurological manifestations are not leading in the clinic for diseases caused by coronaviruses. However, the development of the nervous system is also possible with respiratory, sensory, motor, autonomic and other disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system. In addition, COVID-19 can worsen the course of already existing neurological diseases, therefore, this article provides basic recommendations for the management of certain groups of patients with nervous diseases. Given the earlier epidemics of other coronavirus infections, neurologists most often face cognitive and psycho-emotional disorders and other pathologies in the subsequent period. Therefore, it is important to choose the appropriate treatment and monitor the development of early and long-term consequences of neurological manifestations and complications of COVID-19 and then evaluate the effectiveness of effective individual rehabilitation programs for patients.

Decompression methods can be widely used to prevent early postoperative complications, preventing the development of hypertension and stasis in the early postoperative period, creating functional rest in the surgical intervention area.

Aluminum is ubiquitous; the third most common element of the earth's crust. It is naturally released to the environment from the weathering of rocks and volcanic activity. Human activities such as mining also result in the release of aluminum to the environment. Aluminum levels in environmental media vary widely depending upon the location and sampling site. In general, background levels of aluminum in the atmosphere are low, typically ranging from about 0.005 to 0.18 μg/m3. Much higher levels are routinely observed in urban and industrial locations. Aluminum levels in surface water is usually very low (<0.1 mg/L); however, in acidic waters or water high in humic or fulvic acid content, the concentration of soluble aluminum increases due to the increased solubility of aluminum oxide and aluminum salts. Its concentration in soils varies widely, ranging from about 7 to over 100 g/kg.

The successes of modern medicine in the field of pediatric surgery are beyond doubt. Despite this, the incidence of destructive pneumonia in children does not tend to decrease and remains one of the causes of child mortality. All this necessitates a more thorough study of the etiopathogenesis and clinic of this pathology.

One of the most common pathological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in children is constipation. Constipation in children is a serious medical and social problem in all countries of the world, primarily due to its wide prevalence, low effectiveness of therapy, reduced social activity, impaired quality of life of patients and increased use of healthcare resources.

The basis of this study was the results of treatment of 176 sick children with acute bacterial destructive pneumonia. In the treatment of this pathology, a new approach to the treatment of inflammatory infiltrates of the lung was used, based on the optimal choice of an antibiotic administered percutaneously-intrapulmonary to the lesion, which prevented the transition of the disease to a purulent-destructive stage. And also tested a differentiated method of drainage treatment of severe pleural complications of acute bacterial destructive pneumonia (ABDP) in children.

Dysphagia is a common condition that can seriously affect a patient's quality of life. It is a common symptom in the general population, with a prevalence of up to 20% and affecting up to 50% of people over 60 years of age. From an anatomical point of view, it can be due to oropharyngeal or esophageal etiology, while from a pathophysiological point of view, dysphagia can be caused by organic (benign or malignant) and functional diseases, causing mainly motor disorders.

The article analyzes the results of a study on the histological relationship of glandular and non-glandular structures of the prostate gland of mature rats and its structural changes in chronic alcoholism.

In rats with chronic alcoholism, compared with control, a decrease in the volume fraction of the glandular parenchyma in the structure of the organ, an increase in the number of acini in the field of view due to a decrease in the diameter of their lumen, foci of epithelial stratification, cell proliferation, and desquamation of epithelial cells are observed.

Chronic exposure to alcohol leads to a pronounced degree of lymphocytic infiltration with lymphoid nodular formation, to a moderate form of connective tissue proliferation, in the interglandular stroma the number and diameter of vessels increase and their wall thickness decreases.

Relevance. The analysis of scientific, medical and patent documentation indicates that in the literature available to us there is no definition of indications for the use of one or another method of hernioplasty, taking into account various risk factors. The solution of these problems is an urgent and priority problem of modern herniology.

Objective of the study: To develop a program for the choice of surgical tactics for ventral hernias.

Research material. Based on the analysis of the results of surgical treatment of 228 patients with ventral abdominal hernias, the authors developed a program for scoring preoperative criteria that affect the choice of the optimal method of hernioplasty, taking into account the individual characteristics of the organism.

Research results. In the main group of patients, we detected a relapse of the disease in one patient, which was 0.9% of the total number of patients examined in the long-term postoperative period. Relapse was noted in a patient from the 2nd subgroup who underwent hernioalloplasty with defect suturing. The relapse was caused by the insufficient area of the alloprosthesis.

Findings. The scoring of perioperative risk criteria in patients with incisional ventral hernias allows choosing the optimal method of plastic surgery, taking into account the individual characteristics of the organism and improving the results of treatment. With pronounced apron-like deformity of the abdomen in obese patients, it is preferable to perform open hernioalloplasty with DLE.

The study included the results of surgical treatment of 71 patients with liver echinococcosis.  All patients underwent ideal echinococcectomy or total pericystectomy.  The use of the ultrasonic dissector of the SONOCA 300 aspirator makes it possible to more widely use radical modern methods of surgical interventions for liver echinococcosis, to perform them bloodlessly, with good final hemo- and cholestasis with minimal tissue injury in the affected area.  It allows to reduce the duration of the operation, reduce blood loss, perform effective antiparasitic treatment of the cyst walls, and ensure reliable hemo- and cholestasis after traumatic interventions.  Ultimately, this provides a significant improvement in the immediate results of surgical treatment of patients with liver echinococcosis and prevents recurrence of the disease.

Packable composites are commonly used for direct restoration of posterior teeth. Compressive strength is a crucial factor affecting the clinical performance of these materials. Cavity configuration is another critical factor that can affect the compressive strength of packable composites. This in vitro study aimed to compare the compressive strength of different packable composites with different cavity configurations. Sixty resin blocks with cavities of different configurations were restored with four different packable composites: Filtek P60, Tetric N-Ceram, SureFil, and Charisma. Compressive strength was measured using a universal testing machine. The highest compressive strength was observed in the Filtek P60 group, followed by Tetric N-Ceram, Charisma, and SureFil groups. Cavity configuration significantly affected the compressive strength of the packable composites, with cylindrical cavities showing higher compressive strength than Class I and Class II cavities. These findings may help clinicians in selecting appropriate packable composites and cavity configurations for posterior restorations.

This survey-based study aimed to assess public attitudes towards e-cigarette regulations and policies in Taiwan. A total of 1,000 respondents completed an online survey, which included questions about e-cigarette use and awareness, support for e-cigarette regulations, and opinions on specific e-cigarette policies. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted to analyze the data. The majority of respondents supported the regulation of e-cigarettes, with a high level of support for strict regulation and banning e-cigarette sales to minors. The most commonly cited reasons for supporting e-cigarette regulations were health concerns and the protection of minors. These findings suggest that the THPA's current regulations may not be sufficient to address the public's concerns about e-cigarettes and that additional policies may be needed.

In order to prevent some of the observed complications from the above-mentioned methods of treatment, i.e. Kirschner needle, bone sutures, during the development of medicine, titanium microscrews and miniplates are being used for modern treatment. By using microscrews and miniplates, it has been possible to achieve stable fixation of fracture fragments and treatment of mandibular fractures by non-burning method.

The article presents the data of a clinical examination of 105 patients with ventral hernias, who were operated on in the surgical department of the multidisciplinary clinic of Samarkand State Medical University for the period from 2018 to 2022. Depending on the choice of treatment tactics, the patients were divided into two groups. The first group, the comparison group, consisted of 65 (61.9%) patients who underwent open hernia repair. The second group, the main group, consisted of 40 (38.1%) patients who were initially planned for laparoscopic prosthetic hernioplasty.

This study aimed to compare the morphological changes of the mandible in humans and great apes and analyze the differences between sexes. CT scans of the mandibles of 20 human and 20 great ape specimens, both male and female, were analyzed using 3D reconstruction software. The results showed significant differences in mandibular morphology between humans and great apes, with humans having a more vertically oriented mandible with a more prominent chin and great apes having a flatter, horizontally oriented mandible. Males in both humans and great apes had larger mandibles than females, with a greater degree of sexual dimorphism in great apes. These findings may have implications for understanding the evolution of the craniofacial complex and the factors that contribute to sexual dimorphism in mandibular morphology.