Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
35
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
35-39
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.654
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article provides information about the biological and ecological properties of the castor bean, its chemical
composition, agricultural technology, application in the aviation industry, soap, leather, paint and varnish production
and medicine.
KEYWORDS
Castor bean, poisonous plant, oilseed, ornamental plant, ricin and ricinin.
INTRODUCTION
The flora of Bukhara since 1995-2000, due to
renovation and restructuring, has been largely
changed, many old plant species have been destroyed
or on the verge of destruction and many new species
Research Article
BIOECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ORDINARY
CASTONE (RICINUS COMMUNIS)
Submission Date:
April 20, 2022,
Accepted Date:
April 25, 2022,
Published Date:
April 30, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/Volume02Issue04-05
Gafarova Saida
Senior Lecturer Of The Department Of Biology, Bukhara State University, Uzbekistan
Zagirova Karina
Student, Bukhara State University, Uzbekistan
Talmakhanova Ulzhan
Student, Bukhara State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.c
om/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
36
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
35-39
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.654
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
have been brought. In addition to the above,
according to our observations, over the past two
decades, the vegetation of Bukhara has been updated
with new species, for example: Weeping willow
(Salix), white willow (Salix alba), Apple-bearing
Maclura (Maclura pomifera), Camel thorn (Alhagi)
have changed to Rumex (rumex chalepensis),
Cardaria (cardaria repens), Garden yucca (yucca
flaccida), Lenkoran Albizia (Albizia julibrissin Durazz.),
Broom-haired Bassia or Cochia volosolistnaya (Kochia
scoparia var. trichophylla (hort. ex Voss) L.H. Bailey.),
Common castor (Ricinus communis L.), Caesalpinia
Gillis (Caesalpinia gilliesii (Wall. ex Hook.) D. Dietr.) [5].
Castor oil is an oilseed, medicinal and ornamental
garden plant. The main cultural centers are India,
Brazil, Argentina, African countries, China and Iran. In
Egypt, she has been divorced for more than four
thousand years. Castor oil is a poisonous plant that
was imported in the XIX century from India and
quickly spread. The cultivation of castor oil in Russia
began in the middle of the 18th century, in small
quantities. And today the total acreage of castor in
Russia is more than 130 thousand hectares. In tropical
and subtropical areas , castor is an evergreen shrub up
to 10 m high . In the conditions of culture in temperate
countries (Russia and others), it is an annual plant up
to 2-5 m tall. The stems are erect, branched, hollow
inside, pink, red, purple or almost black, covered with
a bluish waxy coating.
The leaves are large, 30-80 cm long, deeply cut,
sometimes separate, pointed, unequally toothed, dull
green with petioles 20-60 cm long. In summer,
racemose terminal or axillary inflorescences of green
with a red tint of flowers appear. Castor is a
monoecious plant: male and female flowers are
located on the same plant; male in the lower, and
female in the upper part of the inflorescence axis. The
flowers are small, light cream or white. Stamens are
numerous, collected in branched bundles. Pistils with
a three-part column and fringed stigmas are red,
crimson or light yellow.
The fruit is a spherical naked or prickly capsule up to 3
cm in diameter. Located between the leaves, the
fruits give the plant a decorative appearance.
Materials and methods
Mature seeds have an oval shape. On the dorsal side
they are convex, on the abdominal side they are
flatter, there is a longitudinal seam in the middle. The
seed shell is smooth, shiny, variegated, mosaic.
Depending on the castor variety, the mosaic can be
brown, pink, light pink, contrasting against the
background of the seed. The background color varies
from gray to copper-red. Thus, the seed resembles a
tick in its shape and mottled color, hence the
corresponding name of the plant. At the top of the
seed there is a seedling, easily falling off and having
the appearance of a white appendage.
Castor seeds contain from 40 to 60% of fatty oil. The
seed kernel contains up to 17% of proteins, including
Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
37
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
35-39
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.654
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
toxalbumin ricin, a highly toxic substance. Ricinin, a
pyridine alkaloid with a cyangroup among the
substituents, also contained there in an amount of 0.1-
1%, is poisonous. Lush "palm trees" of castor oil are
increasingly found in the city. They also meet in the
city of Bukhara. There is no doubt that the castor
grows quickly, it is not picky in care, it is beautiful. But
there is an unobvious danger in castor oil, especially in
its fruits. Castor oil, or castor oil, is obtained from the
beans of the plant. It is used in medicine,
cosmetology, chemical and automotive industries.
Ricin is 6 times stronger than cyanide.
In Russia, castor oil is grown as an oilseed crop in the
Rostov region, Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories. In
other regions, it is just an ornamental plant, a garden
decoration. But with all the advantages, castor oil can
cause irreparable harm, since all parts of this plant are
poisonous. Castor venom is represented by two
substances: ricin and ricinin. Ricin is contained in the
seed shell - this is the most poisonous part of the
plant.
Ricinin contains all the other parts: leaves, seeds and
cake. Its content for flowering decreases in leaves,
and increases in flowers. The lethal dose of castor
seeds is 0.3 mg / kg of weight (for adults - 20 pieces;
for children - 6). An adult is unlikely to chew the seeds
of an unknown plant. But it's a completely different
matter when children come into contact with him.
Their natural curiosity in the case of castor turns into
an irreparable disaster. Animals, having tasted the
leaves of this plant once, then bypass it all their lives.
The death of animals occurs when using cake from
spent castor seeds. The danger is that the signs of
poisoning appear late. It is very difficult to associate
the intake of ordinary seeds with poisoning. There are
characteristic signs after a day, or even three. The
poison ricin causes agglutination - the gluing of red
blood cells.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
As a result, capillary circulation is disrupted in all
organs. They are clogged with blood clots,
hemorrhages and erosions appear. All this leads to
bleeding, the work of organs is paralyzed. The clinical
picture resembles endotoxic shock. The poison from
castor oil is death to the capillaries. With a
hemorrhage in the brain, deafness appears, then loss
of consciousness, convulsions are possible. Death
occurs on day 6-7. Until now, castor oil is used to
produce lubricants for the aviation industry, used in
soap, leather and paint production. The cake is used
for the production of glue and nitrogen fertilizers. The
appearance of the famous castor oil is also associated
with castor oil. For pharmacy purposes, castor oil has
a huge benefit. The oil obtained from the seeds is part
of Vishnevsky ointment, an aerosol for the treatment
of the throat, a preparation for patients with
urolithiasis. It is a mild laxative to eliminate
constipation and protect the stomach from poisoning.
Ingestion of plant seeds also causes enteritis,
vomiting and colic, bleeding from the gastrointestinal
Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
38
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
35-39
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.654
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
tract, violation of the water-electrolyte balance. The
harm to health is irreparable, the survivors cannot
fully restore their health, which is explained by the
ability of ricin to irreversibly destroy human tissue
proteins. Inhalation of ricin powder similarly affects
the lungs. Ricin has been investigated in some
countries as a potential weapon of mass destruction
and sabotage poison. Medical castor oil is a fraction
obtained by cold pressing. To destroy the ricin, the oil
is treated with hot steam. Ricin is a chemically
unstable substance and irreversibly denatures when
heated to 80 ° C. Oil is a thick viscous liquid of pale
yellow color with a characteristic odor. It contains up
to 85% of the triglyceride of ricinoleic acid. The rest of
the triglycerides are oleic (9%), linoleic (3%) and
various marginal acids (3%). Due to the presence of
ricinoleic acid triglyceride, castor oil, unlike other
vegetable fats, is soluble in 95% ethyl alcohol solution.
Castor oil is a classic laxative. It is part of some
liniments, for example, balsamic ones, which have
antiseptic properties and the ability to accelerate
tissue regeneration.
Technical grades of castor oil are used in various fields
of industry. Its high viscosity, which persists with
increasing temperature, and relative inertia make this
oil an exceptionally valuable lubricant for high-
powered internal combustion engines (aviation,
model), as well as a component of special lubricating
mixtures.
Castor oil is cultivated mainly for the sake of seeds
(Semina Ricini vulgaris, Semina cataputiae majoris),
from which castor (castor or ricin) oil (Oleum Ricini) is
extracted. Castor is bred in gardens as a fast-growing
ornamental plant. It is good on the lawn in single
planting or in groups (3-5 pieces) without other
plants. In mixed groups, it does not give the proper
effect. Castor oil can be used to decorate low walls.
The plant is sown in April in peat-bearing pots, later
transplanted into clay pots (1 liter). At the end of
frosts, they are planted in the ground without
breaking the earthen coma. Castor grows well in
sunny places and humus-fertilized soils with regular
watering.
Previously, several species were isolated in the
monotypic genus of castor, including the tree-like or
African castor (Ricinus arborescens Desf., or Ricinus
africanus Willd.), interesting because its leaves served
as food for the caterpillars of the Saturnia cynthia
butterfly, producing yellow silk.
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International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
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2771-2265)
VOLUME
02
I
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04
Pages:
35-39
SJIF
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MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.654
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
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