Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
23
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
23-29
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.654
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The material of the study was 32 mature rats and their offspring. We used informative methods such as histological
and histochemical, morphometric. As a result of the study, morphological changes in the bone-cartilaginous-
ligamentous structure of the rib-sternal complex in the offspring obtained from pregnant rats with diabetes mellitus
in the period of early ontogenesis are presented. It has been established that the negative impact of antenatal
diabetes mellitus on the development of the connective tissue formation of the sterno-costal complex. This article
describes the morphological changes in the anatomical structures of the rib-sternal complex in rat pups born from
pregnant individuals with experimental diabetes mellitus.
KEYWORDS
Cartilage, rib-sternal complex, experimental alloxan diabetes, alloxan, chondrocytes, rats.
Research Article
DEVELOPMENT THE THORACIC CAGE IN THE EARLY STAGES OF THE
POSTNATAL PERIOD THE INFLUENCE OF ANTENATAL DIABETES
Submission Date:
April 20, 2022,
Accepted Date:
April 25, 2022,
Published Date:
April 30, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/Volume02Issue04-04
Turabekov R.R.
Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, Uzbekistan
Juraeva F.B.
Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, Uzbekistan
Ibrokhimova L.I.
Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.c
om/index.php/ijll
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
24
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2265)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
23-29
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.654
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
INTRODUCTION
Diabetes mellitus is a global problem, and although it
is receiving more and more attention, its importance
is growing year by year. The number of patients is
growing rapidly. While the total number of people
with diabetes in the world has increased fivefold since
1980, in 2018, 422 million people suffered from the
disease, accounting for almost 10 percent of the
world’s population. While maintaining the current
situation, the number of cases is projected to double
by 2030 and account for 20 percent of the world’s
total population [WHO 21.10.2021]. Diabetes mellitus is
a chronic disease that develops when the pancreas
does not produce enough insulin or the div is unable
to use the insulin it produces effectively. Insulin is a
hormone that regulates blood sugar level [2]. A
common consequence of uncontrolled diabetes is
hyperglycemia or high blood sugar, which over time
can cause serious damage to many div systems,
especially nerves and blood vessels. Changes in the
shape and functional structure of the chest affects the
functional state of the organs in the cavity of the cage
[2]. Lack of information on the morphofunctional
properties of the rib –thoracic complex leads to
serious shortcomings and errors in the prevention and
treatment of injuries and deformities in certain areas.
Scientific research in this field is not only scientific but
also of practical importance. All of the above allows us
to draw conclusions about the problems developed
by us and the relevance of the rib-sternal complex
due to the prevalence of its deformations and injuries
and their morphofunctional substantiation.
The purpose of the work. To study the dynamics of
morphological changes in the rib- sternal complex of
rats with experimental alloxan diabetes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was performed on 32 white laboratory rats
weighing 150-200 g. The animals were kept in
vivariums with food and water according to a
standard ration. The animals were divided into two
groups for the study. The control group produced 10
rats and the male rats were in a 3: 1 ratio and were
injected with 0.5 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution
once. The study group consisted of 32 rats and the
male rat had a 3: 1 ratio. On the fifth day of gestation,
experimental diabetes mellitus using an alloxan model
was called in rats. A mixture of alloxan 150 mg / kg and
distilled water was administered to the experimental
group by a single intraperitoneal injection into the
abdominal cavity. An increase in blood glucose to
approximately 350 mg / dl (Plus Satellite.Russia)
confirms hyperglycemia. In our experimental rats, 15
minutes later, the rats were weaned. After 20
minutes, the tails began to turn blue. After 3 hours,
thirst and polyuria were observed. The next day there
was less convulsions and tachycardia. In a 20- to 24-
day follow-up, the study group found that the rats
had low mobility, weight loss, long-term wound
healing, and hair loss. Of the 22 rats taken for the
experiment, 40% died. The study materials were
components of the 7-14-21-30-60-day-old thorax of
young rats born to mothers with experimental
diabetes. The study required histological analysis the
rib-sternal complex of the experimental group. The
animals were decapitated under general anesthesia
using a guillotine knife in accordance with ethical
guidelines. For histological examination and incision
was made in the rib-sternal complex (IPSUM
PATHOLOGY). The samples taken for the experiment
were immersed in 10% formalin (Biovitrum). The
sample was dried in growing alcohol and histologically
processed (STP 120, Thermo Fisher). Then paraffin
was poured (Histo Star, Thermo Fisher). The incisions
were made in a microtome 4–5 sm thick (HM 325). The
prepared pieces were stained with van gizonga,
Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
25
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
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2771-2265)
VOLUME
02
I
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04
Pages:
23-29
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.654
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
hematoxylin eosin and picrofuxin in addition to
Masson and Schiff methods to study connective tissue
cells and other elements, the drug was prepared and
viewed and photographed under a microscope (SARL
Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Axio Lab.A1 Germany).
RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS
The results of the study showed the presence of many
SHIK-positive homogeneous structures around the
epiphyses and apophyses of the bone as a result of
experimental diabetes mellitus of the rib-sternal
complex. These changes occur mainly in the
extracellular matrix and are characterized by the
presence of atrophically altered cells in a group of
chondrocytes that shrivel in many forms.
Fig 1. General view of the stern costal joint. The gap between the joints is almost indistinguishable. Most of the
interstitial spaces are filled with homogeneous structures. Around the synovial membranes, foci of mucoid edema are
detected. The paint is dyed according to Masson. 10x4.
Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
26
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
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2771-2265)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
23-29
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.654
Publisher:
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Fig 2. Proximal part of sternum. Massive dark pink
staining of the intermediate in cartilage tissue. In the
spectrum of chondrocytes, many glycosaminoglycans
are stained dark pink. Chondrocytes come in different
sizes. Paint Masson. 10x20.
The accumulation of large amounts of chondroitin
sulfate in the intercellular space stains massive pink in
the extracellular matrix (see Figure 2), a process that is
originally described in the normative form.As a result of
experimental diabetes, the diffusion process is
disrupted, leading to multiple synthesis of sparse
fibrous structures and sclerosis of connective tissue.
The formation of dystrophic and metabolic calcinosis
foci around sclerosing foci is observed, and the foci of
small ossifications develop in the form of ossification
points
(normally
these
areas
consist
of
a
homogeneously stained glycosaminoglycan substrate,
the ossification points develop slowly with age) [3].
The fact that the texture of the chondrocyte nucleus
varies in size, uneven and deformed appearance
indicates a violation of diffusion nutrition, and in
experimental diabetes it is clinically determined that it
is accompanied by painful syndromes in this joint. (See
Figure 3).
Fig 3. The zone of growth of the epiphysis of the bone is clearly described. The radial chondrocytes in the sequence
are of different sizes (1). Paint Masson. Size 10x40.
1
1
2
2
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VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
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SJIF
I
MPACT
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(2022:
5.
705
)
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–
1121105677
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IF
–
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Fig. 4 The proximal part of the sternum is stained with SHIK. Heterogeneous stained furnaces are detected in
susceptible areas (1). In focus, the staining around the chondrocytes is of a different appearance, with the areas rich
in glycosaminoglycans being stained from pinkish red to dark red (2). The phenomenon of metachromosis dye SHIK.
10x10.
Fig. 5 Shik positive areas are highlighted in red and SHIK negative areas are highlighted in blue. In pathological
areas, focal SHIK negative areas areidentified(1). Paint SHIK 10x20.
To further determine the reliability of these changes,
the thoracic rib joint leads to the development of the
above changes in the paracapsular areas under the
influence of diabetes [4].The assumption that insulin
may be a fetal growth factor was primarily derived
from human pathology. The large babies of diabetic
mothers are thought to be the result of increased
insulin concentrations in the fetus, while the products
of the opposite hormonal environment are small
babies, such as in congenital diabetes mellitus [5, 10].
The mean litter size of the control and the diabetic
rats did not differ from each other. Fetal div weights
were lower in hyperglycaemic fetuses compared to
normal fetuses. The mean weight reduction was 24%.
The incorporation of thymidine into fetal rib cartilage
was determined. Twenty four hours after the injection
of thymidine less radioactivity was found in the rib
cartilages of hyperglycaemic fetuses compared to
normal fetuses [6].
Conducted histological and histochemical studies
allow the analysis of the earliest changes in the tissues
of the rib-sternal complex in experimental diabetes
[8]. Increased response to mucopolysaccharides in
areas of defibration of collagen structures appears to
be associated with metabolic disruption of tissue
elements in the rib-rib complex in experimental
1
1
Volume 02 Issue 04-2022
28
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
(ISSN
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VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
23-29
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.654
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diabetes and may lead to the development of
deformities in the lower extremities. In rats born with
diabetes, the greatest changes occur in the growth
zones of the connective tissue, which become
significantly thinner and the number of cells in it
decreases [7].
Significant changes in mineral metabolism and bone
marrow markers in the advanced generation as a
result of the adverse effects of experimental diabetes
during pregnancy were found to be more pronounced
in the late (30-day) follow-up period [9].
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, based on the above histological
sections, under the influence of experimental
diabetes leads to disruption of the activity of the rib-
thoracic complex in the paracapsular areas and the
accumulation of pathological metabolites in the
extracellular matrix. This process, in turn, requires a
reasonable assumption that increased dystrophic
necrotic and dysregenerative activity on the surface
of large joints leads to the formation of ankylosis in
the joints and osteophytes in the apophyses. So,
based on the above morphological examinations, the
formation of contractures in clinically small and large
joints,
and
the
development
of
practical
recommendations that allow to predict the growth of
additional osteophytes in ankylosis and apophyses will
allow to develop an algorithm to solve another topical
problem of evidence-based medicine.
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(2022:
5.
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