International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
52
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijmscr
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue01 2025
PAGE NO.
52-56
10.37547/ijmscr/Volume05Issue01-07
Peculiarities of the identification and early diagnostics of
the pathology of cultivation of teeth and formation of the
chest in children
Mukhsinova L. A.
Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Received:
20 October 2024;
Accepted:
21 December 2024;
Published:
23 January 2025
Abstract:
This article analyzes the perinatal causes of biting and eating problems in children with congenital cracks
of the upper lip and palate. Facial deformity in children is not only a medical but also a social problem all over the
world. At the end of the 20th century, the frequency of births of children with this pathology has doubled in the
last twenty years. Congenital oropharyngeal defects were the most common intrauterine defects in perinatal and
early infant mortality.
Keywords:
Facial defects, laboratory tests, children, congenital, pathology, jaw.
Introduction:
The article presents materials on the age,
regional features of teething and bite formation in
children, describes the factors that lead to the
development of pathology. Also given are data on
methods for early diagnosis of the pathology of
teething and the formation of bite in children.
Teething is the axial movement of the non-functional
position in the jaw bone into a functional occlusion. The
dynamics of this process depends on the degree of
formation of the root, periodontal and is closely related
to the development and growth of the craniophatic
complex [1, 20]. Teething is a physiological stage
process, characterized by the appearance of dairy, then
permanent teeth in children.
Depending on the current mechanism of tooth
eruption, impaction and an eruption are classified.
Impact is a delay in the eruption of the tooth, due to
the presence of a mechanical obstacle. The cause of
this pathology may be a shortage of space in the
dentition on the background of crowding, the presence
of a mucous barrier, overcomplete teeth and others. An
erection is the primary violation of the process of
eruption of non-ankylosed teeth with complete or
partial lack of growth [20].
The dental rudiments appear in the fetus at about 6-
week of intrauterine life. For 1.5 months, the process
of mineralization of bone tissue takes place. During this
period, the fetus takes from the mother's div the
calcium, phosphorus, protein and other substances
necessary for its teeth [10, 26, 36]. In this period,
various diseases, malnutrition, the taking of certain
medicines by a woman causes fetal anomalies in the
number and shape of dental crowns, break the strength
and color of their enamel.
By the time the baby is born, crowns of 20 milk teeth
are located in the depth of the alveolar processes of the
jaws in a fully formed state. The process of their
eruption is a kind of gradual increase in their volume
and pushing outward, in which they overcome the
resistance of bone tissue, mucous membranes. At this
time, the gums become swollen and sensitive [13, 27].
Teeth erupt in a certain sequence, the order of teething
is disturbed in rickets, genetic syndromes, the absence
of a bookmark of dental rudiments as a result of a
complicated course of pregnancy, endocrine pathology
[21, 47].
Zakharova I.N. et al. [18] believe that various factors
influence the eruption of milk teeth. The main
importance in the process of dentition is the human
genotype, its constitution, and the role of various
environmental factors can not be ruled out. The
authors believe that the teeth of children of elderly
parents erupt earlier than those of young parents. In
the first-born, teeth begin to erupt earlier than in the
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
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International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research (ISSN: 2771-2265)
second and third children, girls have a direct
relationship between the degree of preterm infancy
and the terms of eruption of the baby teeth earlier than
in boys. Features of the course of pregnancy in the
mother also affect the physiology of teething.
Disturbance of the processes of eruption and change of
teeth can be noted in pathology of the pituitary gland,
refusal from breastfeeding, frequent acute respiratory
infections, pneumonia, neonatal sepsis [19, 29].
According to Yatsenko AK. et al. [35] at the present
stage, the study of age-sex and regional features of
eruption of permanent teeth as an important indicator
of biological maturity and the state of children's health
remains important. This is necessary when planning,
implementing measures to prevent violations of
biological development among children. Vatlin A.G,
Chuchkov V.M also came to this opinion. [11].
Arkhipova Yu.A., Timchenko V.V. [4] determined the
timing of dentition of 156 children of the first year of
life, born of HIV-positive women. It has been
established that perinatal HIV infection
contributes to the delay in teething in children. Similar
results were obtained by Aldrovandi G.M. [37] and
Jsanaka S. [43].
Teething teeth serves as an indirect indicator of the
correct development of the child. As a physiological act,
teething is not a painful phenomenon, it does not cause
pathological conditions. It is in direct connection with
the general state of the child's health, timely in a
certain sequence, the growth of the teeth indicates the
normal development of his div [3, 30].
Galonsky V.G. et al. [13, 14] presented the results of
studying the process of erupting temporary and
permanent teeth in children in the city of Krasnoyarsk.
The sequence and average terms of teething,
temporary bite in the form of age ranges have been
determined. Characteristic differences in terms of
eruption of temporary and permanent teeth in boys
and girls are noted, as well as regional characteristics of
these indicators among the surveyed children.
Bimbas E.S. et al. [9] determined the timing of eruption
of permanent teeth in an early interchangeable bite in
children of primary school age in Ekaterinburg. Some
discrepancies with the standard terms of teething have
been identified, which indicates the need for their
clarification in each region. Sex differences in the
eruption of permanent teeth merit attention. All
children were asymmetrically incised into the upper
incisors. Similar results were obtained by Feraru I.V. et
al. [39] who studied Romanian children.
Ayupova F.S. [5] studied the sequence of eruption of
canines and premolars in 216 children aged 7-12 years.
In the children of the main group caries of temporary
teeth were combined with disruption of the location of
permanent teeth and rudiments, deformation of dental
arches, violation of the timing and sequence of
eruption of permanent canines and premolars. In other
studies, Ayupova FS. [6] studied 998 medical records of
children 3-10 years of age who applied for orthodontic
treatment for the period from 2003 to 2012. It was
established that the prevalence of secondary adentia in
children of the Krasnodar Territory, who applied for
orthodontic care, reached 31.27%. In the structure of
prematurely removed temporal teeth, the upper
incisors, the first molars, the lower canines and their
combination predominated. Sexual differences in the
structure of prematurely removed teeth and their
localization, respectively, to the quadrants of dental
arches have not been revealed.
Denisenko DV, Yanovsky LM [17] analyzed the modern
aspect of studying the age of eruption of permanent
teeth in children from different regions. The authors
offer unified criteria for evaluating the process of
eruption of permanent teeth.
Starchenko I.I. [33] based on morphological studies
gave a comparative characterization of the rudiments
of the first and second milk molars of a man at 10-12
weeks of intrauterine development. During the studied
period, the early stages of the formation and
differentiation of dental rudiments were observed in
the rudiments of the first molar molars. The rudiments
of the second molars lagged considerably behind the
rudiments of the first molars and were at the stage of
the bookmarking of the tooth rudiments. It is suggested
that there is a direct correlation between the degree of
maturity of the rudiments of infant teeth in the early
stages of odontogenesis and the timing of the eruption
of the corresponding milk teeth.
Iordanishvili AK et al. [22] cite data from a dental
examination and the study of cone-beam computer
tomograms of the jaws of 93 men aged 18-27 years
with the aim of studying the anatomical and topometric
characteristics of the upper and lower jaws in the
eruption or retention of wisdom teeth. As a result of
the study, the features of the anatomical structure of
the alveolar process of the jaw in the region of the
hillock of the retro-molar space on the lower part
during eruption and retention of molars were refined.
Correctly and timely formed bite plays a big role in the
normal development of the child's div. Violation of
teething can lead to the formation of an incorrect bite
in children [30, 38].
Terekhova TN [34] presented norms of functions during
the formation of occlusion, described possible
violations, the influence of bad habits on the formation
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
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International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research (ISSN: 2771-2265)
of the maxillofacial region. She pointed out the
methods of eliminating bad habits and normalizing the
functions of the dentoalveolar system that promote
the proper development of this system in children and
prevent the development of persistent dentoalveolar
anomalies and deformities.
Vodolatsky M.P., Vodolatsky V.M. [12] studied the
nature of malocclusion in children and adolescents
according to the results of a dental examination of
2,676 preschool children and schoolchildren in
Stavropol 4-17 years. The study of the dynamics of
abnormalities of the dental arches and the apical base
of the upper and lower jaws in children aged 3-6 years
is presented, and the morphological characteristics of
the dentoalveolar system are presented, in which two
phases are identified - stable and labile, preceding the
change of teeth. ded in the child. For various reasons, a
number of abnormalities can arise in the structure of
the teeth, their arrangement and development [5, 14,
19]: the absence of a tooth rudiment, the wrong
position of the tooth axis (horizontal and oblique), why
it erupts outside the arch of the dentition or remains in
the thickness of the jaw bone, wrong formation of the
tooth itself - size, shape, position, color, lack of enamel
coating.
The reasons for the delay in teething are considered to
be [2, 20, 22]: adentia (the fetus in prenatal life under
the influence of various factors disrupts the formation
of dental germs) and retention (not dentition). The
cause of adentia can be the melting of individual
primordia of permanent teeth as a result of the
inflammatory process around the roots of the baby
teeth or a destructive process. Multiple congenital
absence of teeth leads to disruption of the teeth and
functional
overload
of
some
of
them,
underdevelopment of the alveolar process, a decrease
in the height of the occlusion, and aesthetic
abnormalities.
The severity of these disorders depends on the number
of missing teeth on each jaw, the teeth belonging to the
anterior or lateral group, the presence of delayed dairy,
accompanying disorders [28, 40].
Functional and aesthetic disorders increase with an
increase in the number of absent teeth and pairs of
antagonists [1, 30]:
-
Functional abnormalities include eating
disorders, chewing disorders, biting the lateral areas of
the tongue and cheeks, lowering the bite height and
shifting the lower jaw forward, aside, paraproction of
the muscles of the perioral region, infantile swallowing,
bad habits, improper pronunciation of sibilant and deaf
sounds, incorrect articulation language at rest and
during function, omission of the back and root of the
tongue;
-
aesthetic abnormalities include changes in the
facial and facial profile, which are manifested by a
decrease in the height of its lower part, thickening of
the lips and reversing their red rim, deepening of the
supramental sulcus with neutral or distal occlusion,
occlusion of the upper lip, and smoothing of the
nasolabial folds with mesial bite.
Often the adentia of more than 10 teeth is combined
with a violation of the development of ectodermal
derivatives (ectodermal dysplasia), manifested by a
decrease in the scalp, underdevelopment of eyebrows,
eyelashes, nails, dry skin, its folding and pigmentation.
Sometimes there are changes in the lens, the iris of the
eyes, the infection of the lacrimal ducts, and the central
nervous system (CNS). These changes are most
pronounced in anhydrogic ectodermal dysplasia [34].
The most informative method of radiological
examination of the jaws, which makes it possible to
identify the adentia of individual teeth in different age
periods of occlusion formation, is orthopantographic
examination [15]. In addition, the method of computed
tomography showed a positive side [31, 45].
It is proved that with multiple adentia it is necessary to
provide dental prosthesis as early as possible. Since
children are lagging behind in growth because the div
poorly absorbs food, which is caused by difficulties in
its reception, crushing, moistening with saliva. Children
who do not have a sufficient number of teeth are not
sociable, easily injured and excitable, deeply afflicted
with their pathology [6, 7].
It is established that, the cause of retention can be
filling the canal of a prematurely torn out baby tooth
with an adjacent tooth, incorrect placement of a
permanent tooth in the jaw. The presence of retinas
can lead to complications, since this pathology causes
neuralgic pain in the face [8, 41].
One of the reasons for the delay in teething may be the
presence of a follicular cyst. In this case, treatment in
the form of surgery, will be preceded by radiography
[30].
In connection with improperly laying follicles,
supercomplete teeth are often retinished. In 67% they
erupt in the dentition or with deviations from it, and in
33% remain retinished. Most of the retina teeth are
located horizontally or with a turn toward the nasal
cavity [1, 42].
In 90% of cases, supercomplete teeth cause various
complications in the dentoalveolar system, causing
anomalies, inflammatory and dystrophic changes in
surrounding tissues. The most common chronic
inflammation of the mucous membrane in the area of
International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research
55
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International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research (ISSN: 2771-2265)
the superfine tooth, periodontitis and resorption of the
roots of neighboring teeth, follicular cysts, sometimes
overcomplete
teeth
cause
rhinitis,
sinusitis,
osteomyelitis. Quite often supercomplete teeth cause
speech and chewing difficulties, injure lips, tongue and
oral mucosa [32, 39]. The most characteristic anomalies
in patients with superfine teeth are abnormalities of
position, retention, false diastema and crowding of
permanent teeth.
Complications caused by retinitis are symptomatic
neuralgia of the 2nd and 3rd branches of the trigeminal
nerve, caries and pulpitis of the delayed tooth, which
causes sharp pains, caries and pulpitis of the detained
tooth, acute and chronic periodontitis of the adjacent
tooth, acute odontogenic osteomyelitis, abscesses and
phlegmon,
follicular
cysts,
near-root
cysts,
adamanthinoma [29].
Anomalies of occlusion arise from the uneven growth
of the jaws, because of the prolonged sucking of the
nipple. Anomalies of the location of the teeth arise due
to constitutional reasons (small jaw size), due to
injuries, with congenital disturbance of connective
tissue exchange, with tumors of the alveolar process of
the jaw. Absence of teeth up to 1 year is extremely
rarely associated with adentia. Check for the presence
of dental germs with the help of a special method of
radiovisiography [1, 2, 30, 44, 46].
Ilenko LI [23] Dentokind and Viburkol supplements
were prescribed to improve the quality of life for
children with painful dentition. A total of 200 children
were examined. As a result of the study it was found
that both drugs are effective and safe and can be
recommended for the treatment of painful symptoms
of teething.
Goreva E.A. et al. [16] studied the clinical
manifestations of teething in a child, evaluated the
efficacy and safety of using the "Pansoral first teeth" to
alleviate the dysmenorrhoea in children.
Musabekova Zh.A. et al. [29] found that perinatal
lesions of the central nervous system are one of the
most pressing problems in children's practice, as they
often lead to disadaptation of the child in the social
environment, and in severe cases to disability.
Actovegin intramuscularly in the age-related dosage
was given to children with neurological pathology.
Against the background of treatment with actovegin in
infants with neurological pathology, its influence on
teething has been revealed.
In foreign and domestic literature, works devoted to
the study of the influence of ecologically unfavorable
factors on the timing and order of eruption, the
formation of the roots of teeth in children are rare.
Research Inoyatova A.Sh. et al. [24, 25] is devoted to
the study of the influence of environmental factors on
the formation of the roots of teeth in children. The
authors point out that if unfavorable environmental
factors influence the process of embryogenesis of the
maxillofacial area,
this will affect the timing and order of teething as well
as the formation of an occlusion in children.
Thus, the process of teething and bite formation is a
physiological process, which is one of the important
indicators of the state of health and physical
development of the child. However, there are a
number of factors that have an unfavorable impact on
this process and create the opportunity for
development.
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