Vol. 5 No. 01 (2025): Volume 05 Issue 01

Health is the key and significant asset that a human being has that allow people to exclusively develop their abilities. If this asset corrodes or not fully developed, it will cause emotional and physical weakness that causes hindrances in people lives. Keeping in view the importance of health in human capital and human development index, it is important to conduct a study that highlight the consequence of Hepatitis in Pakistan. This study is designed to estimate the effect of viral hepatitis (B & C) on labor productivity, family income, morbidity and mortality, estimate the direct and indirect cost hepatitis (B & C) and total cost imposed on each patient and their family in Pakistan. Primary data was collected from 8,388 Hepatitis B and C patients at district headquarter hospitals, private hospitals and doctors’ clinic from 77 districts across Pakistan including Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan through a well design questioner containing 36 questions based on demographic and economic indicators. Descriptive, probit logit and OLS econometric techniques were applied for data analysis. This study finds significant effect of viral hepatitis B and C on labor productivity, labor mobility, absenteeism and presentism at work place and family income, in Pakistan. This study also found significant impact of hepatitis on productivity in terms of absenteeism and presentism and estimated that an average per patient and their attendant’s absenteeism and presentism 1.89 days per month and total working days. Furthermore hepatitis B and C had also found significant indirect impact on labor mobility employment and mortality and concluded that 2.07% visa rejection, 6.2% job rejection, 1.2% job termination and 5.2% morality caused by hepatitis B and C. similarly the effect of hepatitis B and C was found indirect and caused decline in income in term of loss of working days and sell of assents. The government should form such policies that encourage long term investment in human capital by both government and public sector. Recommendation: Health care expenditure must be increased up to 5% of GDP to meet the minimum requirements for the provision basic health facilities to population.

This study investigates the therapeutic efficacy of Kinesio taping in alleviating symptoms associated with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Employing a randomized controlled trial, participants were assigned to a Kinesio taping group or a control group receiving standard care. Symptom severity, functional status, and wrist mobility were assessed over four weeks. Results demonstrate that Kinesio taping significantly reduced pain, improved functional outcomes, and enhanced wrist range of motion compared to the control group. These findings suggest that Kinesio taping offers a non-invasive, cost-effective adjunct therapy for managing CTS symptoms. The study highlights the potential of Kinesio taping to complement traditional treatments, providing a viable option for patients seeking symptom relief and improved quality of life.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of acute purulent sinusitis, focusing on its etiology, pathogenesis, clinical course, diagnosis, and contemporary treatment methods. The study highlights the distinct characteristics of the disease across different age groups and emphasizes key aspects of differential diagnosis. By exploring modern therapeutic approaches, the article aims to enhance understanding and management of acute purulent sinusitis, offering valuable insights for clinicians to optimize patient outcomes.

A comparative analysis of clinical, anamnestic and laboratory parameters of patients with COVID-19 was carried out using the method of retrospective and prospective examination. It was found that during treatment with antiviral drugs, a quarter of patients had changes of cytolysis markers. It was also shown that patients with comorbidity were more common in a prospective study.

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) caused by blunt eye injuries represents a significant clinical challenge, frequently leading to irreversible vision loss. Early diagnosis and monitoring of retinal and optic nerve changes are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers unparalleled capabilities in detecting and quantitatively assessing such changes.

Objective. To evaluate the diagnostic potential of OCT in identifying morphological and functional changes in the retina and optic nerve among patients with TON. 

Materials and Methods. A total of 40 patients with blunt eye trauma were examined. The diagnostic protocol included OCT, computer perimetry, visual acuity testing, and ophthalmoscopy. Parameters of the RNFL, GCIPL, macula, and optic nerve head were analyzed. 

Results. Patients with TON demonstrated significant RNFL thickening in the early stages of trauma, optic nerve head swelling, and GCIPL thinning, which correlated with impaired visual function. OCT proved to be highly effective for early diagnosis and monitoring of these changes. 

Conclusion. OCT is a pivotal tool for assessing retinal and optic nerve damage in TON, enabling improved diagnostics, prognostication, and patient management.

This article analyzes the perinatal causes of biting and eating problems in children with congenital cracks of the upper lip and palate. Facial deformity in children is not only a medical but also a social problem all over the world. At the end of the 20th century, the frequency of births of children with this pathology has doubled in the last twenty years. Congenital oropharyngeal defects were the most common intrauterine defects in perinatal and early infant mortality.

Background: Pilgrims with diabetes are at high risk for foot problems due to decreased immunity, neuropathies, and peripheral vascular disease. This study was done to assess the prevalence of foot problems and protective measures adopted by diabetic pilgrims to prevent foot problems during AL-Arba'een of Imam Al-Hussain.

Methods: A descriptive study was conduct at a mobile clinic in Holy Kerbala during AL-Arba'een of Imam Al-Hussian from the period of 5th October 2019 to 10th July, 2024 in order to accomplish the early listed objectives. A purposive sampling consists of 186 pilgrims who were diagnosed previously as diabetic patients. The data were collected used a constructed questionnaire and therefore analyze used the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 24 through the application of descriptive statistical analysis (frequencies, percentage, and mean of score).

Results: the most prevalent foot problems are foot blisters 52.6%, foot redness 55.9%, 73.1% and 89.7% have foot/legs pain and numb respectively. Most diabetes pilgrims complain from foot, toes, or leg swelling; 86.5%, and 91.9% of them their foot is sensitive to touch, and complains from feet hurt when walking; also 69.8% of pilgrims have muscle cramps in legs or foot. Most of diabetic pilgrims were washed their feet frequently, 44% of them are examined the water temperature before putting their feet in it, 39.7% of diabetic pilgrims are inspected the soles of their feet while walking, 38.1% of them are changed their socks at least one time a day, and 52.1% of diabetic pilgrims are inspected their shoes for a foreign body or torn linings before wearing.

Conclusions: Foot blisters, redness, foot/legs pain or numb; foot, toes, or legs swelling; foot sensitive to touch; foot hurt when walking; also, muscle cramps in legs or foot are the most common foot problems among diabetic pilgrims. The most important preventive measures that were done by diabetic pilgrims to prevent foot problems are washed their feet every day, examined water temperature before putting their foot in it, inspect the soles of their foot while walking, and inspect their shoes for foreign objects or torn linings before wearing.

Time management is a fundamental factor for academic success, particularly in disciplines that require a balance between theoretical and practical aspects, such as nursing. This study aimed to explore the relationship between time management skills and the academic performance of nursing students at the University of Kerbala.

A descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 260 nursing students from both morning and evening programs. A structured questionnaire was used, consisting of two sections: socio-demographic and academic data, and the Student Time Management Scale (STMS), which includes 28 items categorized into four domains.

The findings revealed that the majority of students (71.5%) demonstrated moderate time management skills, while 14.2% exhibited either poor or good skills.ةKey weaknesses were identified in areas such as daily prioritization and preparation for activities. Regarding academic performance, most students achieved relatively high grades, with 30% attaining a "Very Good" GPA and 22% achieving "Excellent," reflecting generally good academic performance.

Results revealed that 71.5% of students demonstrated moderate time management skills, with weaknesses observed in essential areas such as goal setting, prioritization, and routine control. Despite these deficiencies, no statistically significant correlation was found between time management skills and academic performance (ρ = 0.019, p = 0.756). Additionally, socio-demographic factors, such as age, gender, marital status, and income, did not show any meaningful associations with time management skills or academic performance.

The conclusion of the study highlights that factors such as motivation, stress management, and study environment may have a more significant influence on academic outcomes compared to time management skills alone. To address the identified gaps, the study recommends integrating structured time management training into nursing curricula. This approach can help students better manage their time and succeed academically by giving them the tools they need to deal with the demanding nature of their education.

An investigation of 500 boys shows the greatest enlargement of skull sizes in children aged from 4 to 5 years old. Growth deceleration of the skull's parameters such as the longitudinal diameter skull's transversal size, the length and width of the skull's base, and zygomatic and mandibular diameters were revealed at the age of 6 to 7 years old.

This study aims to study the clinical condition of pregnant women with disturbed vaginal microbiocenosis, that is, complicated by bacterial vaginosis, during 2020-2024. 150 pregnant women who applied to the Gynecology Department of the multidisciplinary clinic of the Samarkand State Medical University, family polyclinic No. 3 and the Samarkand Regional branch of the Republican Specialized Center for Maternal and Child Health Scientific and Applied Medicine took part in the study. The control group consisted of 50 women who had an uncomplicated pregnancy. The results of the research serve for the in-depth study of problems related to bacterial vaginosis and its complications in pregnant women and the development of preventive measures.

In this study, the authors conducted ultrasound examinations of the central nervous system in newborns with perinatal nervous system damage. It was observed that infants born to mothers with a complicated obstetric history and pathological course of delivery constitute a high-risk group for perinatal nervous system damage. To early detect structural brain changes, neurosonographic examinations of the central nervous system are recommended for all newborns in the high-risk group.

Relevance. Flatfoot is a common orthopedic pathology in children that disrupts foot biomechanics and gait. Its highest prevalence is observed at the age of 4–7 years, requiring early diagnosis and timely correction.

Objective. To assess the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and effectiveness of treatment methods for pediatric flatfoot.

Results. Among 1,427 examined children, 12.8% were diagnosed with flatfoot, with 62.8% of cases occurring between 4 and 7 years of age. Comprehensive treatment (physical therapy, massage, physiotherapy, orthopedic devices) proved more effective (54.5% improvement) compared to traditional methods (39%). In children over 8 years old, treatment effectiveness declined.

Conclusion. Early diagnosis and a comprehensive treatment approach yield better outcomes, slowing disease progression and reducing the risk of complications.

Findings. Flatfoot is most frequently diagnosed at 4–7 years, highlighting the need for active prevention and early therapy. Comprehensive methods outperform traditional approaches, especially for moderate and severe cases.